1. Which protocol provides automatic IP address assignment in a network?

a) DHCP
b) DNS
c) ARP
d) SNMP
2. What is the primary role of the transport layer in the OSI model?
a) Routing
b) Ensuring data integrity
c) Error detection
d) Packet switching
3. Which of the following is a key feature of EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol)?
a) Link-state algorithm
b) Hybrid routing protocol
c) Path-vector protocol
d) Distance-vector algorithm
4. What does CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) allow in IP addressing?
a) Fixed block sizes
b) Subnetting of networks using a variable prefix length
c) Restriction of broadcast domains
d) Segmentation of data packets
5. In IPv6, which address type is used for one-to-nearest communication?
a) Unicast
b) Multicast
c) Anycast
d) Broadcast
6. Which type of NAT maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address
using different ports?
a) Static NAT
b) Dynamic NAT
c) PAT (Port Address Translation)
d) Overlapping NAT
7. What is the purpose of the OSPF "area" concept in a network?
a) To optimize routing updates within the area
b) To prevent routing loops
c) To manage multiple IP address classes
d) To ensure redundancy
8. What is the default administrative distance of a directly connected route in a Cisco
router?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 10
d) 90
9. Which Ethernet standard supports a maximum data rate of 10 Gbps over copper
cabling?
a) 100BASE-T
 b) 1000BASE-T
c) 10GBASE-T
d) 10BASE-FL
10. Which of the following encapsulation types is used in VLANs?
a) MPLS
b) ISL
c) PPP
d) HDLC
11. What is the purpose of spanning-tree protocol (STP)?
a) To enable VLANs
b) To prevent network loops
c) To provide network redundancy
d) To enhance network speed
12. What does a router do when it receives a packet with an unknown destination
network?
a) Discards the packet
b) Broadcasts the packet
c) Sends it to the default gateway
d) Queues the packet
13. In BGP, what attribute is used to choose the best path?
a) Cost
b) Metric
c) AS-path
d) TTL
14. Which IPv6 header field replaces the IPv4 TTL field?
a) Next Header
b) Flow Label
c) Hop Limit
d) Traffic Class
15. What is the purpose of a switch's MAC address table?
a) To store IP addresses
b) To map MAC addresses to ports
c) To perform routing
d) To manage VLANs
16. What type of routing protocol is BGP classified as?
a) Distance-vector
b) Link-state
c) Path-vector
d) Hybrid
17. In a subnet mask, what does the "255" in a segment represent?
a) A host address
b) A network address
c) An invalid address
d) A broadcast address
18. What is the primary purpose of the "default route" in routing tables?
a) Handle broadcast traffic
 b) Route traffic to unknown destinations
c) Prioritize local routes
d) Resolve MAC addresses
19. Which of the following is a Layer 3 device?
a) Hub
b) Switch
c) Router
d) Bridge
20. What is the primary benefit of Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)?
a) Simplified network configuration
b) Efficient use of IP addresses
c) Increased speed of routing
d) Enhanced security
21. Which of the following protocols uses TCP port 22?
a) HTTP
b) SSH
c) SNMP
d) FTP
22. Which routing protocol uses the Dijkstra algorithm?
a) RIP
b) OSPF
c) EIGRP
d) BGP
23. What is the purpose of MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)?
a) Enhance security between subnets
b) Improve data packet forwarding speed
c) Enable wireless communication
d) Provide NAT functionality
24. Which of the following is not an interior gateway protocol?
a) RIP
b) OSPF
c) EIGRP
d) BGP
25. In a TCP connection, what is the purpose of the three-way handshake?
a) To detect network loops
b) To establish a reliable connection
c) To encrypt data packets
d) To synchronize routing tables
26. What is the purpose of the ARP protocol?
a) To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
b) To assign IP addresses dynamically
c) To discover neighboring routers
d) To ensure data packet integrity
27. Which field in the TCP header is used to control the flow of data?
a) Sequence Number
b) Acknowledgment Number
 c) Window Size
d) Checksum
28. What does the acronym MTU stand for in networking?
a) Maximum Transmission Unit
b) Multiple Transfer Utility
c) Multi-Threaded Unit
d) Main Transmission Utility
29. What is the maximum number of usable IP addresses in a /26 subnet?
a) 32
b) 62
c) 126
d) 254
30. What is the primary purpose of software-defined networking (SDN)?
a) To manage routers and switches manually
b) To centralize control of the network
c) To improve network cabling efficiency
d) To enhance wireless network performance

a) DHCP
b) Ensuring data integrity
b) Hybrid routing protocol
b) Subnetting of networks using a variable prefix length
 c) Anycast
 c) PAT (Port Address Translation)
 a) To optimize routing updates within the area
 a) 0
 c) 10GBASE-T
 b) ISL
 b) To prevent network loops
 c) Sends it to the default gateway
 c) AS-path
 c) Hop Limit
 b) To map MAC addresses to ports
 c) Path-vector
 b) A network address
 b) Route traffic to unknown destinations
 c) Router
 b) Efficient use of IP addresses
 b) SSH
 b) OSPF
 b) Improve data packet forwarding speed
 d) BGP
 b) To establish a reliable connection
 a) To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
 c) Window Size
 a) Maximum Transmission Unit
 b) 62
 b) To centralize control of the network