COMPUTER NETWORK LAB

Submitted By
Name : Md Emat Haider
Semester : 5th
College Roll No : 22CSB028
University Roll No : 221920690007
Academic Year : 2024 – 2025

Submitted To
Mr. Aakib Jawed
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Mewat Engineering College (Wakf)
Nuh, Mewat – Haryana – 122107
www.mecw.ac.in
 EXPERIMENT-1

Aim: Study of different types of Network cables and practically implements the
cross-wired cable and straight through cable using clamping tool.

Apparatus (Components): RJ-45 connector, crimping Tool, Twisted pair Cable

Procedure:
To do these practical following steps should be done:

1. Start by stripping off about 2 inches of the plastic jacket off the end of the cable.
Be very careful at this point, as to not nick or cut into the wires, which are inside.
Doing so could alter the characteristics of your cable, or even worse render is
useless. Check the wires, one more time for nicks or cuts. If there are any, just
whack the whole end off, and start over.

2. Spread the wires apart, but be sure to hold onto the base of the jacket with
your other hand. You do not want the wires to become untwisted down inside the
jacket. Category 5 cable must only have 1/2 of an inch of 'untwisted' wire at the
end; otherwise it will be 'out of spec'. At this point, you obviously have ALOT more
than 1/2 of an inch of un-twisted wire.

3. You have 2 end jacks, which must be installed on your cable. If you are using
a pre-made cable, with one of the ends whacked off, you only have one end to
install - the crossed over end. Below are two diagrams, which show how you
need to arrange the cables for each type of cable end. Decide at this point which
end you are making and examine the associated picture below.

Diagram shows you how to prepare Cross wired connection

Diagram shows you how to prepare straight through wired connection
 EXPERIMENT-2

Aim: Study of following Network Devices in Detail

• Repeater

• Hub

• Switch

• Bridge

• Router

• Gate Way

Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.

Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.

1. Repeater:
Functioning at Physical Layer. A repeater is an electronic device that receives a
signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other
side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. Repeater
have two ports, so cannot be use to connect for more than two devices

2. Hub:
An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator

is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the
physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is a form of multiport repeater.
Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all
ports if it detects a collision.

3. Switch:
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that
connects network segments. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that
processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.
Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3 and above)
are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.

4. Bridge:
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer
(Layer 2) of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means
a device that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch
are very much alike; a switch being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer
2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge.Bridges can analyze incoming
data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the given packet to another
segment of the network.

5. Router:
A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer networks,
and selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet
contains address information that a router can use to determine if the source and
destination are on the same network, or if the data packet must be transferred from
one network to another. Where multiple routers are used in a large collection of
interconnected networks, the routers exchange information about target system
addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the preferred paths
between any two systems on the interconnected networks.

6. Gate Way:
In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with
Another network that uses different protocols.

• A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance

matching devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as
necessary to provide system interoperability. It also requires the
 establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures between
both networks.
• A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with
different network protocol technologies by performing the required protocol
conversions.

EXPERIMENT- 3

Aim: Study of network IP

• Classification of IP address

• Sub netting

• Super netting

Apparatus (Software): NA

Procedure: Following is required to be study under this practical.

• Classification of IP address

As show in figure we teach how the IP addresses are classified and when they are
used.

Class Address Range Supports

 1.0.0.1 to Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127
Class A 126.255.255.254 networks.
128.1.0.1 to Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000
Class B 191.255.255.254 networks.
192.0.1.1 to Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million
Class C 223.255.254.254 networks.
224.0.0.0 to
Class D 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.
240.0.0.0 to
Class E 254.255.255.254 Reserved.

• Sub netting

Why we Develop sub netting and How to calculate subnet mask and how to
identify subnet address.

• Super netting

Why we develop super netting and How to calculate supernet mask and how to
identify supernet address.
 EXPERIMENT-4

Aim: Connect the computers in Local Area Network.

Procedure: On the host computer

On the host computer, follow these steps to share the Internet connection:

1. Log on to the host computer as Administrator or as Owner.

2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.

3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the Internet. For example,
if you connect to the Internet by using a modem, right-click the connection that
you want under Dial-up / other network available.

6. Click Properties.
7. Click the Advanced tab.

8. Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network users
to connect through this computer's Internet connection check box.

9. If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish a dial-up
connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the
Internet check box if you want to permit your computer to automatically connect
to the Internet.

10.Click OK. You receive the following message:

When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will be set to
use IP address 192.168.0.1. Your computer may lose connectivity with other
computers on your network. If these other computers have static IP addresses,
it is a good idea to set them to obtain their IP addresses automatically. Are you
sure you want to enable Internet Connection Sharing?
11. Click Yes.

The connection to the Internet is shared to other computers on the local area
network (LAN).

The network adapter that is connected to the LAN is configured with a static IP
address of 192.168.0.1 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

On the client computer

To connect to the Internet by using the shared connection, you must confirm the
LAN adapter IP configuration, and then configure the client computer. To confirm
the LAN adapter IP configuration, follow these steps:

1. Log on to the client computer as Administrator or as Owner.

3. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.

4. Click Network and Internet Connections.

5. Click Network Connections.

6. Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
7. Click the General tab, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the connection
uses the following items list, and then click Properties.

8. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click Obtain an IP

address automatically (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
Note: You can also assign a unique static IP address in the range of 192.168.0.2
to 192.168.0.254. For example, you can assign the following static IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway:

8. IP Address 192.168.31.202

9. Subnet mask 255.255.255.0

10. Default gateway 192.168.31.1

11.In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click OK.

12.Quit Control Panel.

 EXPERIMENT- 5

Aim: Study of basic network command and Network configuration commands.

Apparatus (Software): Command Prompt and Packet Tracer.

Procedure: To do this EXPERIMENT- follows these steps:

In this EXPERIMENT- students have to understand basic networking

commands e.g. ping, tracer etc.

All commands related to Network configuration which includes how to switch

to privilege mode and normal mode and how to configure router interface
and how to save this configuration to flash memory or permanent memory.

This commands includes

• Configuring the Router commands

• General Commands to configure network

• Privileged Mode commands of a router

• Router Processes & Statistics

• IP Commands

• Other IP Commands e.g. show ip route etc.

Ping:
Ping (8) sends an ICMP ECHO _REQUEST packet to the specified host. If the
host responds, you get an ICMP packet back. Sound strange? Well, you can
“ping” an IP address to see if a machine is alive. If there is no response, you
know something is wrong.
Traceroute:

Tracer is a command which can show you the path a packet of information takes
from your computer to one you specify. It will list all the routers it passes through
until it reaches its destination, or fails to and is discarded. In addition to this, it will
tell you how long each 'hop' from router to router takes.
nslookup:

Displays information from Domain Name System (DNS) name servers.

NOTE :If you write the command as above it shows as default your pc's server
name firstly.

pathping:

A better version of tracert that gives you statics about packet lost and latency.
Getting Help

In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a
question mark (?).

Router>?

To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character

sequence, type in those haracters followed immediately by the question
mark (?).
Router#co?

configure connect copy

To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or

argument. Include a space before the question mark.

Router#configure ?

memory Configure from NV memory

network Configure from a TFTP network host

terminal Configure from the terminal

You can also abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough
characters to make the command unique from other commands. For example,
you can abbreviate the show command to sh.

Configuration Files

Any time you make changes to the router configuration, you must save the
changes to memory because if you do not they will be lost if there is a system
reload or power outage. There are two types of configuration files: the running
(current operating) configuration and the startup configuration.

Use the following privileged mode commands to work with configuration files.

• configure terminal – modify the running configuration manually from the

terminal.
 • show running-config – display the running configuration.

• show startup-config – display the startup configuration.

• copy running-config startup-config – copy the running

configuration to the startup configuration.

• copy startup-config running-config – copy the startup

configuration to the running configuration.

• erase startup-config – erase the startup-configuration in NVRAM.

• copy tftp running-config – load a configuration file stored on

a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server into the
running configuration.

• copy running-config tftp – store the running configuration on a TFTP

server.

IP Address Configuration

Take the following steps to configure the IP address of an interface.

Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode:

Router>enable password

Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode.

Router#config terminal

Step 3: Enter the interface type slot/port (for Cisco 7000 series) or interface
type port (for Cisco 2500 series) to enter the interface configuration mode.
Example:

Router (config)#interface ethernet 0/1

Step 4: Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface using the ip
address ipaddress subnetmask command.

Example,

Router (config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Step 5: Exit the configuration mode by

pressing Ctrl-Z Router (config-if)#[Ctrl-Z]
 EXPERIMENT-6

Aim: Configure a Network topology using packet tracer software.

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is

required to be configured using the commands learned in previous
practical.

After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any
one machine to another.
Router0 Configuration Command :.........

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>

Router>Enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with

CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname router0
router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0 router0(config-if)#description router0
fastethernet 0/0 router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed

state to up router0(config-if)#exit

router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

router0(config-if)#description router0
fastethernet 0/1 router0(config-if)#no
shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed

state to up router0(config-if)#exit

router0(config)#exit

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

router0#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 437 bytes

!

version 12.4

no service password-encryption

hostname router0

ip ssh version 1

interface FastEthernet0/0
description router0 fastethernet 0/0

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

description router0 fastethernet 0/1

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

interface Vlan1

no ip address
shutdown

!
ip classless

line con 0

line vty 0 4

login

end
router0#

router0#

router0#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?

Building configuration...

[OK]

router0#
 EXPERIMENT-7

Aim: Configure a Network topology using packet tracer software.

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is

required to be configured using the commands learned in previous
practical.

After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any
one machine to another.
Router0 Configuration Command.........

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed

state to

up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by
console Router#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#show running-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 542 bytes

!
version 12.2
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

!
interface Serial3/0

no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!

end

Router#

Router1 Configuration Command.......

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable

Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by
console Router#config Enter configuration
commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed

state to

up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#
Router#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 542 bytes

!
version 12.2
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

interface Serial3/0

no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!

end

Router#

IP ROUTE Command.....

Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Router(config)#exit
Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -

mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external
type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF
external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS

inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route,
o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected,

FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.1.2/24 is directly
connected, Serial2/0

S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via

192.168.1.2 Router#
IP ROUTE Command.....

Router>enable

Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -
mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external
type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF
external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-

IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static
route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1

C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected,

FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.1.1/24 is directly
connected, Serial2/0 Router#