ABSTRACT

This proposal for a 15 MVA power substation are consist of 7 feeders to be

supplied by the ANECO and 6 barangays. The goals of the researchers is to prevent

shortage or faults that may occur due to limited power output and of course the safety of

the community will be priority.

This study presents the process used to complete the conceptual design and

costing used to evaluate the multiple of alternatives that were considered to reach final

selection of the preferred project alternatives. In order to calculate and compare the

economics of the various route options, estimates were completed for each of the line

segments individually and then combined to form a route option estimate. Rather than

default to a common cost per mile assumption for the different voltages, the estimates

were built from the bottom up, starting with a conceptual design and incorporating the

appropriate unit costs. The major advantage of completing the estimates in this manner

is that they take the constraints identified through the mapping effort into account,

yielding estimates that more closely reflect the actual field conditions. A second

advantage is that as the project becomes more refined, the cost estimate can be easily

updated to reflect the latest information available. Conceptual design and costing was

also completed for each of the substation projects that would be required for the various

alternatives in order to reach a final cost evaluation. Abstract EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This proposal for a 15 MVA power substation are consist of 7 feeders to be supplied by

the ANECO and 6 barangays. The goals of the researchers is to prevent shortage or

faults that may occur due to limited power output and of course the safety of the
community will be priority. This study presents the process used to complete the

conceptual design and costing used to evaluate the multiple of alternatives that were

considered to reach final selection of the preferred project alternatives. In order to

calculate and compare the economics of the various route options, estimates were

completed for each of the line segments individually and then combined to form a route

option estimate. Rather than default to a common cost per mile assumption for the

different voltages, the estimates were built from the bottom up, starting with a

conceptual design and incorporating the appropriate unit costs. The major advantage of

completing the estimates in this manner is that they take the constraints identified

through the mapping effort into account, yielding estimates that more closely reflect the

actual field conditions. A second advantage is that as the project becomes more refined,

the cost estimate can be easily updated to reflect the latest information available.

Conceptual design and costing was also completed for each of the substation projects

that would be required for the various alternatives in order to reach a final cost

evaluation.
 Table of Content

TITLE PAGE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

SUMMARY iv

Chapter 1

1.1 Background of the Design

1.2 Equipment data of Power Transformer

1.3 Location Map

1.4 Objective of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Conceptual Framework

1.7 Mission and Vision

Chapter 2 Review on Related Studies

2.1 USA SUBSTATION 7

2.2 Cebu, VECO Substation 8-9

2.3 CHINA SUBSTATION 9-10

2.4 ANECO SUBSTATION 11-12

 2.5 MERALCO SUBSTATION 12-13

2.6 Reference Substation 13

Chapter 3 Methodology

Protection System Analysis

3.1 Vectors 14

3.2 Operators 14

3.3 Convention Used for Voltage Direction 14

3.4 Base Quantities 15-16

3.5 Transferring per Unit Quantities 16-17

3.6 Simplification in Power System Models 18-20

3.7 Balanced Three Phase Fault 20-22

3.8 Single Line to Ground Fault 22-24

3.9 Line to Line Fault 24-26

3.10 Double-Line-to-Ground Fault 26-28

3.11 Transformer Protection Equation 28-30

Chapter 4 Results and Discussions

SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION

4.1 General Statement 31

4.2 Types of Electrical Faults 31

4.3 General Assumption and Consideration 32

4.4 Faults and Base Value 32-38

4.5 Brgy. Guinabsan Impedance Model 38-41

4.6 Fault Current Calculation 41-49

 Substation Design

5.1 Single Line Diagram 50

5.2 Substation Plant Location 51-52

5.3 Equipment Foundation 53

5.4 Foundation Lay-out 53

5.5 Calculation 54-55

5.6 List of Equipment and its Function 56-60

5.7 Bill of Materials 60-62

5.8 Cost Estimates 62

5.9 Load Calculation 63-69

Chapter 5 Summary, and Recommendation

6.1 Findings 69-70

6.2 Conclusion 70-71

6.3 Recommendation 71-72

BIBLIOGRAPHY 72-73

ANNEXES

CURRICULUM VITAE 74-75

DOCUMENTATION 76-77
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Design

The human mind is so constructed that even a person was to read through books

such as from the content, he could retain only the information that had interest for him at

the time of reading. You might imagine that the designer or researcher would know

everything in it, and therefore have no need for it as reference or guide. But this is not

the case, the art of designing a substation can be acquired by reading books, referring

to an expert and well-trained electrical engineer and may be said that the purpose of

this design is not train, instead it is an aid to the students of electrical to know and

understand the fundamental principle and their application to design.

In designing a substation, the researchers developed the principles and the

safety factors involved that tend to derive the final proof. This design treats the

information of substation. The result is here, the designer has such information in

simple, complete form in one place and it can be ready if needed. The safety standards,

rules and regulations imposed the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) will be observed in

realization of this design.

Recent studies have shown that the automation and proper designs of

transmission lines has become the key for utility.

 1

companies in today's age of instant communication and information sharing. It is

imperative that substation ensures that their system is reliable in order to support the

operability of the grid and prevent unplanned outages. While this is a fact, it is also true

that environmental, structural and political factors are causing utilities to reconsider

power generation, transmission, delivery and security measures. The demand for power

is growing rapidly but financial responsibility and the fact that budgets are getting

consistently tighter and are more closely monitored creates the requirement for

companies to ensure that the technical and ideological solutions that are implemented

are cost-effective, reliable, secure and designed to be upgradeable to extend the life of

the infrastructure investment.

Guinabsan, Buenavista, Agusan del Norte. Currently, has three (3) feeders

namely Feeder 1 (Slaughter) which is solely serving the slaughter of buenavista area;

Feeder A and B which are both serving to the buenavista proper areas. The substation

is design up to Three (3) feeders this feeder are no yet online since it was still under

proposal.
 2

1.2 Equipment data of Power Transformer

 3

1.3 Location Map

1.4 objective of the Study

1.4.1 To be able to supply power efficiently to the consumers.

1.4.2 To determine the short-circuit and proper protection of the substation.

1.4.3 To avoid power interruptions due to faults.

1.5 Significant of the Study

Since Brgy. Guinabasan is one of the barangays which are economically

improving and also the counting consumers also increasing since a lot of

establishments, commercial buildings, the researchers put the substation in said area

due to the power surge and lack of electricity.

1.6 Conceptual Framework

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focuses only on power analysis and protection system of 15MVA

power Transformer of Guinabsan, Buenavista, Agusan del Norte.

1.8 Mission and Vision Statement

Mission
 Committed to provide quality electricity services in the most viable was without

losing sight of its primary purpose to be of service to households and towards full

satisfaction of all its stakeholders.

Vision

A Highly dependable electric power industry player with competent workforce

utilizing modern technology.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

 It discussed for related studies in different substation which help in the

preparations of substation design.

2.1 USA SUBSTATION

There are several critical decisions that must be made during the design of any

high voltage electrical substation. Location, environment, grounding protection,

switchgear all of these must be considered to ensure that the substation is secure,

reliable, and cost-effective. Serving the Houston area, Gulf Coast, Texas and throughout

the United States, Saber Power Services has the engineers and experience to design

and install 69KV-550KV sub- stations efficiently from start to finish.

Included in the design of a substation is the single-line diagram which details the

fundamental components and layout. The location and environment must be

considered, and urban areas carry their own considerations such as noise and traffic.

Disconnect switches and circuit breakers must be selected, along with substation

automation equipment. High voltage substations include their own safety concerns, all

of which Saber is well equipped to handle.

2.2 CEBU, VECO SUBSTATION

 The second largest electric utility in the country serving eight cities and

municipalities in Metro Cebu has upgraded its northern town substation to meet the

growing demand for electricity in the northern part of its franchise area. In a statement,

Visayan Electric Co., Inc. (VECO) Reputation Enhancement Department manager,

Quennie Sanchez-Bronce, said its Consolacion substation that was inaugurated last

May 10, is expected to meet the demand for electricity brought about by growing

residential developments and the vigorous economy in the northern corridors of the

metro. The Consolacion substation was built in 1995 with an original 33 mega- volts

ampere (MVA) capacity.

Assistant vice president for engineering operations of VECO, engineer Noel

Modesto, said the largest utility firm in the Visayas sees "the need to improve,

rehabilitate and upgrade the substation to a capacity of 66 MVA to improve reliability

and flexibility to better serve its customers in the municipalities of Consolacion and Lilo-

an. "Consolacion Mayor Teresa Alegado, in her speech during the Inauguration, thanked

VECO for keeping up with the demands of the municipality's growing economy. "We in

Consolacion consider VECO as a partner in growth and development and we are very

thankful that VECO readily answers the call of the times," Alegado said.

8
 "In fact, VECO is several steps ahead. Seeing that Consolacion is growing

rapidly, you are also preparing your facilities to meet the demands," she said, noting that

the townsfolk "look forward to working with you more and we assure you that we will

always be hand in hand in the development of Consolacion. "A substation is a set of

equipment, which transforms voltage from high to low so it would become suitable for

supply to the consumers, the statement read, adding that VECO has 19 substations.

The company started the rehabilitation works at the Consolacion substation in October

2017 and upgraded its capacity in August 2018.

The upgrading of the Consolacion substation is also in preparation for the

upcoming rehabilitation of the nearby Paknaan (Mandaue) substation, in June with

commissioning targeted by 2020. Rehabilitation and upgrading works for the Calamba

substation in this city into 66 MVA is ongoing and is expected to be completed this year.

VECO, owned and managed by the publicly-listed Aboitiz Power Corp. and Vivant

Corp., serves the cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Talisay, and Naga, and four municipalities of

the greater part of Metro Cebu Liloan, Consolacion, Minglanilla, and San Fernando.

(PNA)

2.3 CHINA SUBSTATION

In 2009, China embarked on a three-stage journey to become a world leader in

smart grid technologies with its aptly named "Strong and Smart Grid" 11-year plan. The

plan
 9

encompasses all aspects of the grid, including increasing generation and transmission

capacity, a nationwide smart meter deployment, large-scale renewable energy

integration, and a large substation build-out. Four years later, State Grid Corporation of

China, the largest utility in the world and the brains behind China's smart grid plans, is in

full swing with phase two of its ambitious smart grid deployment plans -- the

Construction Phase, running from 2011 to 2015.

New transmission lines are a major focus for State Grid in the Construction

Phase, which is struggling to meet the growing energy demands of the rising middle

class in the East and South. Most coal, hydro, wind, and solar load sources are over

1,000 kilometers away from the populous east and south. High voltage (HV, under 300

kilovolts), extra-high voltage (EHV, 300 kilovolts to 765 kilovolts), and ultra-high voltage

(UHV, 765 kilovolts and up) lines are being installed currently, with at least one 1,000-

kilovolt UHV AC or DC line installed annually until 2015. Overall transmission line

investments for 2015 are approximately $269 billion, equivalent to the combined market

cap of ABB, GE, and Schneider Electric as of May 21, 2012. China is adding so much

new transmission capacity and so many power lines that it could build three quarters the

length of a new American transmission grid in just five years. When the dust settles,

there will be over 200,000 kilometers of new 330-kilovolts-and-up transmission

 10

lines built, for a total of 900,000 kilometers of transmission lines, compared to 257,500

kilometers of transmission lines presently in the U.S.

2.4 ANECO SUBSTATION

NGCP's transmission system network consists of 500 kV, 350 kV HVDC, 230 kV,

138 kV, 115 kV and 69 kV high voltage lines and cables. As the sole transmission

service provider, NGCP plays a vital role in the safe and reliable transmission of

electricity in response to system requirements and market demands. It continues to

improve the reliability, adequacy, security and stability of the grid in the three major

regions of the Philippines, namely: Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.

As the System Operator of the Philippine power grid, NGCP balances the supply

and demand of electricity to efficiently serve all of its customers power generators,

private distribution utilities, electric cooperatives, government-owned utilities, eco-

zones, industries, as well as directly connected customers. It is responsible in

dispatching the power plants and transmitting the generated power to the various

distribution utilities which, in turn, deliver the electricity at a lower voltage to households

and other end-users. NGCP also operates and maintains metering facilities and

provides technical services, particularly system studies, and operation and maintenance

of customer facilities. This Transmission Development.

 11

Plan (TDP) outlines the planned projects which are required to address the system

needs for the period 2016 to 2025.

2.5 MERALCO SUBSTATION

The facility, which is sited in General Trias town, is a project concretized by the

country's biggest power utility firm in partnership with real estate developer Property

Company of Friends Inc. (PRO- FRIENDS). The property where the substation was

erected is a donation of PRO-FRIENDS; and the 115-kilovolt-34.5kV outdoor substation

is installed within the Lancaster New City which has been designed to function even if

unmanned.

Meralco noted the facility is equipped with supervisory control and data

acquisition (SCADA) as well as devices and remotely controlled distribution feeders and

line reclosers. The utility firm emphasized that aside from addressing critical loading of

Cavite power transformers, "the new substation will also provide switching flexibility in

case of outages. "It further noted that such will "translate to fewer and shorter duration

power interruptions," which in turn could be beneficial to residential, commercial and

industrial electricity end-users in the area. Aside from the mixed-use development at the

Lancaster New City, the new power substation will likewise cater to the needs of

locators within the Cavite Economic Zone. The Lancaster New City, in particular, is

currently
 12

home to around 65,000 residents and 66 commercial locators, including business

process outsourcing (BPO) entities.

We choose the design preference of Aneco Substation which is even more

accurate to our design than the others since our designed distribution substation

requires, 138 kV, 115 kV and 69 kV from the transmission line same as the substations

supplying the whole area covered by Aneco.

CHAPTER 3

PROTECTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This chapter discussed, understanding and working knowledge of protection

system analysis. It is very important to the Protection Engineer that he must know the

system operates under load and fault conditions before choosing suitable relays to

match the system parameters.

 13

3.1 Vectors

Z = |Z| cis θ =R + j X = |Z| (cos θ + j sin θ) = |Z| e^ hat j θ

If Z1 = |Z1| cis θ 1 and Z2 = | Z | cis θ2

Z1●Z2 = │Z1││Z2│ * cis θ1 and θ2 = Z1/Z2 =│Z1/Z2│cis Q1-Q2

3.2 Operators

j = 1cis * 90 degree rotates a vector anti-clockwise through 90°

a = 1cis * 120 deg rotates a vector anti-clockwise through 120°

used extensive in symmetrical component analysis

a ^ 2 = 1cis * 240deg; a ^ 2 + a + 1 = 0

3.3 Convention Used for Voltage Direction

Current "I" flowing in direction shown procedures a voltage drop in Z such that A

is positive with respect to B.

 14

3.4 Base Quantities and Per Unit System

This is particularly useful when analysing large systems with several voltage

levels. Before any system calculations can take place, the system parameters must all

be referred to common base quantities. The base quantities are fixed on one part of the

system and base quantities on other parts at different voltages will depend on the ratio

of intervening power transformers.

The base quantities used are:

Base voltage voltage kV = kVb phase to phase

15
 Base MVA = MVAb = three phase

MVA

Other base quantities can then be established:

Base Impedance in ohms Zb = (KVb)²/ MVAb

KA

Base Current = Ib = MVAb / √3 kVb in

Per unit values are obtained by dividing actual value by base values as follows:

Per Unit Impedance Zp.u = Actual Impedance/Base Impedance = Za Zb =

Za X MVA (kVb)²

Per Unit Voltage kVp.u = kVa / kVb

Per Unit MVA, MVAp.u = MVAa / MVAb

Per Unit Current Ip.u = Ia / Ib

Percentage values are commonly used for transformer impedances and where per unit

values are very small. Percentage values are 100 times the equivalent per unit values.

3.5 Transferring Per Unit Quantities from One Set of Values

 16

Let Zp.u.1. = Za / Z b1 Per unit value on base Zb2 is Z p.u.2. = Za /Z b2 = Z p.u.1. * Z

b1 /Z b2 Therefore: Zp .u.2.=Zp.u.1.*(kV b1 )^ 2 /(kV b2 )^ 2 =Zp.u.1. X MVAb2 / MVAb1
X ( k V b2 )^ 2 /(kV b2 )^ 2
As an example, the per unit impedance of a transformer is the same on each side of the
transformer. Consider a transformer with voltage ratio, kV1/kV2
MVA
k*V_{b} = k*V_{1}
1
k*V_{b} = (k*V_{2}) ^ 2
Actual impedance of the transformer viewed from
side 1 =Za1
Actual impedance of the transformer viewed from
side 2 = Z * a ^2
Z p.u.1. = Za * 1 / Z * b * 1 =Za1* MVA (kV1)^ 2 Z p.u.2. = Za * 2 / Z * b * 2 =Za2* MVA
(kV2)^ 2 But Za2 = Zai X (kV2)² (kV1)² Z p.u.2. =Za1* MVA (kV1)^ 2 =Zp.u.1.
E
17