GCP architecture
GCP architecture
Overview
This architecture provides a secure, scalable, and highly available solution for
hosting a web application on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It uses managed
services to reduce operational overhead and ensures optimal performance for
both users and administrators.
Architecture Components
1. Frontend Layer
Service: Cloud CDN
o Provides low-latency delivery of static and dynamic content
globally.
o Caches content close to end users.
Static Content Storage: Google Cloud Storage (GCS)
o Hosts static files (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images) with low-cost
storage and high availability.
Load Balancer: HTTP(S) Load Balancer
o Distributes traffic globally and terminates SSL connections.
o Integrates with Google Cloud Armor for DDoS protection and
WAF.
2. Application Layer
Service: Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
o Hosts containerized applications for microservices architecture.
o Provides auto-scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates for high
availability.
Alternative: App Engine (Flexible or Standard Environment)
o For developers needing a fully managed platform with scaling
and language/runtime flexibility.
Service Discovery: Cloud Run
o Runs serverless containerized applications, ideal for event-driven
or lightweight services.
3. Backend Layer
Service: Cloud SQL
o Managed relational database for transactional data (MySQL,
PostgreSQL, or SQL Server).
o Built-in replication for high availability.
Service: Firestore or Bigtable
o Firestore: A NoSQL database for real-time sync and offline
support.
o Bigtable: A NoSQL database for large-scale, low-latency
workloads.
Caching: Memorystore (Redis or Memcached)
o In-memory caching for frequently accessed data.
4. Analytics Layer
Service: Pub/Sub
o Event-driven messaging for real-time analytics and asynchronous
processing.
Service: BigQuery
o Fully managed data warehouse for analyzing large datasets and
generating insights.
Service: Dataflow
o Handles data transformation and streaming pipelines for real-
time or batch processing.
5. Search Layer
Service: ElasticSearch on GCP Marketplace
o Provides full-text search and filtering capabilities.
6. Security
IAM: Enforces role-based access control (RBAC) for all GCP
resources.
Google Cloud Armor: Protects against SQL injection, XSS, and DDoS
attacks.
Secret Manager: Securely stores sensitive information like API keys
and credentials.
VPC Service Controls: Restricts access to sensitive data and resources
within the private network.
7. Monitoring and Logging
Service: Operations Suite (formerly Stackdriver)
o Provides monitoring, logging, and trace capabilities for
applications and infrastructure.
Error Reporting: Captures and aggregates errors from applications.
Cloud Trace: Tracks request latency across distributed systems.
Cloud Logging: Centralizes logs for debugging and compliance.
8. DevOps and CI/CD
Tools:
o Cloud Build: Automates builds and deployments.
o Artifact Registry: Stores Docker images and other artifacts.
o Cloud Deploy: Manages deployment pipelines.
Workflow:
o Source code stored in GitHub or Cloud Source Repositories.
o Automated CI/CD pipelines deploy to GKE or App Engine.
9. Disaster Recovery
Multi-Region Deployment:
o Deploy resources in multiple regions using Global Load Balancer
for failover.
Backups:
o Cloud SQL automatic backups and snapshots for GCS.
Replication:
o Enable Firestore or Bigtable multi-region replication.
10. Networking
VPC: Configures a Virtual Private Cloud for secure and scalable
networking.
NAT Gateway: Allows private instances to access the internet securely.
Private Google Access: Ensures private network traffic between
services.
Cloud DNS: Manages custom domain names and DNS resolution.
Architecture Diagram
1. Cloud CDN -> HTTP(S) Load Balancer -> GKE or App Engine
2. GKE/App Engine -> Cloud SQL and Firestore/Bigtable
3. GCS for Static Content
4. Memorystore for Caching
5. Pub/Sub -> Dataflow -> BigQuery for Analytics
6. Cloud Armor, Secret Manager, IAM, and Logging for Security and
Monitoring
Key Benefits
Scalability: GKE and App Engine auto-scale based on demand.
High Availability: Global load balancing and multi-region deployments
ensure uptime.
Security: Managed tools like Cloud Armor and Secret Manager provide
enterprise-grade security.
Ease of Use: Managed services reduce operational overhead.
Real-Time Insights: BigQuery and Dataflow enable actionable
analytics.
Cost Optimization: Pay-as-you-go pricing with scaling minimizes
unnecessary costs.
Would you like further details, a diagram, or implementation instructions?