Introduction to Philosophy of the

Human Person

Week 1I First Quarter

Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial
point of view

Identify the major branches of philosophy

Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete

situation from a holistic perspective
• Read the following items carefully.
• Write the letter of your answer.
 Most of social science concepts have etymological
background. Which of the following tells about the
etymology or origin of the term philosophy?

A. The term philosophy comes from two Greek words philo and sophia
which means “to love” and “wisdom, respectively.
B. The term philosophy comes from Confucian idea which says that deep
thinking is essential to one’s well-being.
C. The term philosophy comes from two Greek words philo and sophia
which means “to argue” and “agree, respectively.
D. The term philosophy was coined by early philosophers which means
reasoning.
 Social Science is composed of many different
disciplines. Which of the following statements
shows the relationship between Social Science and
Philosophy?

A. Social Science and Philosophy are disciplines.

B. Philosophy is a discipline under Social Science.
C. Philosophy is employed in many different disciplines in
making arguments.
D. Social Science is a discipline under Philosophy.
 Disciplines like Economics, Sociology, Psychology,
and History, among others; follow scientific method
in their inquiry. What makes Philosophy a science?

A. Philosophy is a science because it enables us to find answers to our

questions.
B. Philosophy is a science because reasoning itself is a science.
C. Philosophy is a science because, as a discipline, it helps other sciences
in their quest for answers.
D. Philosophy is a science because it is an organized body of knowledge
just like any other sciences.
 Philosophy is considered as a science. However,
what makes it different from other sciences?

A. It is different from other sciences in the sense that it considers itself

unique.
B. It is different from other sciences because it focuses mainly on reasoning.
C. It is different from other sciences because it does not employ laboratory
instrument nor any investigative tools but instead uses human reason alone.
D. It is different from other sciences simply because philosophers are
different from scientists.
 One of the characteristics of doing philosophy is
that it is multidimensional or holistic in its
approach. What is meant by holistic?

A. It means that a philosopher does not limit himself to a particular

object of inquiry.
B. It means that a philosopher questions almost anything, if not
everything.
C. It means that philosophical approach must be based on empirical
evidences.
D. Both A and B are correct
 comes from two Greek words

• PHILO(s) - “Love”
• SOPHIA - “Wisdom”

The Love of Wisdom

• Knowledge merely implies the act
of acquiring information and facts.
• Wisdom deals with the
application of knowledge with
experience, insight, and good
sense.
• is the science that studies beings in their
ultimate causes, reasons and principles through
the aid of human reason alone.
• the science that by natural light of reason
studies the first causes or highest principles of
all things.
• Science
⚬ systematic and follows certain steps or procedures.
• Natural Light of Reason
⚬ Philosophers use their natural thinking capacity or use the
so-called unaided reason.
• Study all things.
⚬ It is not one dimensional or partial.
⚬ Multidimensional or holistic
1.What is the origin of the world? of
everything that exists?
2.Why do these things exist rather than not
exist at all?
3.What is the meaning and purpose of life?
Why do we have to suffer?
• Metaphysics
• Ethics
• Epistemology
• Logic
• Aesthetics
• a branch of philosophy
which deals with the
questions regarding
reality and existence.
*To answer “Where am I?”
Plato
• Nothing we experience in the physical world
with our five senses is real.
• Reality is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and
can be detected only by the intellect.
• Plato calls these realities as ideas of forms.
 IDEALIST MATERIALIST
• Idealists emphasize • Physical, environmental,
"ideal" factors. economic, or concrete
• Reality is made up of historical conditions are
spirit/mind. the most important factors
• Spiritual forces or to look at & to understand
people's states of mind society according to the
are the most important materialist.
factors to look at & to
understand society.
• deals with moral questions and dilemmas
• It explores the nature of moral
virtue and evaluates human
actions.
• It is a study of the nature of
moral judgments.
• derived from the Greek epistēmē
(“knowledge”) and logos (“reason”)
• discusses the knowledge and
knowing
• study of the nature, origin, and
limits of human knowledge.
https://marketbusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Screen-Shot-2018-07-25-at-8.40.47-PM.png
• from the Greek "logos",
which has a variety of
meanings including word,
thought, idea, argument,
account, reason or principle
• the study of REASONING
 • Aristotle defined logic as "new and necessary
reasoning"
It asks questions like
• "What is correct reasoning?"
• "What distinguishes a good argument from a
bad one?"
• "How can we detect a fallacy in reasoning?“
 Deductive Logic
• concerns what follows necessarily
from given premises (i.e. from a
general premise to a particular one)
Major premise: All humans are mortal.
Minor premise: Socrates is human.
Conclusion: Socrates is mortal
 Inductive Logic
• the process of deriving a reliable
generalization from observations (i.e.
from the particular to the general)
All observed crows are black.
Therefore:
All crows are black
• from the Greek
"aisthetikos", meaning
"of sense perception"
• philosophy which deals with
beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”
• concerned with the nature
and appreciation of art,
beauty and good taste.
• What is a work of art?
• What makes a work of art successful?
• Why do we find certain things beautiful?
• How can things of very different categories be
considered equally beautiful?
• Is there a connection between art and
morality?"
HOLISTIC THINKING PARTIAL THINKING
• considers “large-scale” • focuses on specific aspect of
patterns in systems a situation

• requires an individual to • The partial view is an

have an open mindset and important component of
an ability to get the general analytical thinking, as an
sense individual that focuses on
certain areas or aspects of a
problem in order to
understand it but may result
to bias judgement also
1.Farmers have problems in eradicating beetles
but before coming up with a solution they
consider different impacts on the environment
and will not cause disaster
2.John did a multiple research to have an answer
to his own question.
3. Instead of judging every single person who went
viral online, Sophie choses to reserve her
judgment until she get all the facts regarding
what made people react on a certain issue.
4. Juan condemns an artist that went viral for
giving their opinion about the shutting down of
a network
5. Sharmaine act as a mediator of her two friends
having an argument rather than taking one side
• Cite a situation where you adopted a
holistic view in looking at a problem or
situation. How did adopting a holistic
view help you make sense of the
situation?
• Pythagoras
• Heraclitus
• Epicurus
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
Pythagoras
• A mathematician and scientist.
• Established a community of learners who were
devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.
• Transmigration of the Soul was one of his
teachings
 Heraclitus
• Proposed everything that exists is based on a
higher order or plan which he called logos.
• His central claim is summed up in Panta Rhei ("life is
flux") recognizing the essential, underlying essence of life
as change.
 Epicurus
• He believed that Philosophy could enable man
to live a life of happiness.
• Epicureanism – a school of philosophy that
believes that wisdom and simple living will
result in a life free of fear and pain.
 Socrates
• Father of Philosophy, known critic of
intellectuals during his time.
• Claimed not to be wise, considered himself a
“midwife” – helped inquiring minds achieve
wisdom
 Socrates
• Socratic Method – means of examining a topic
by devising a series of questions that let learner
examine and analyze his knowledge and views
regarding the topic.
The main philosophy of Socrates revolves around the idea of self-
knowledge and the pursuit of truth and virtue.
 Plato
• A student of Socrates, wrote down his mentor’s
teaching and incorporated some of his ideas.
• Theory of Forms – everything that exists is
based on an idea or template that can be
perceived in the mind.
 Plato
• Dialectic – a method of inquiry where two
opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at new knowledge.
 Globalization
Topic: Global Integration vs. Cultural Preservation
Thesis: Globalization promotes economic growth and cultural
exchange.
Antithesis: Globalization threatens local cultures and
traditions.
Synthesis: Promoting policies that encourage global
economic integration while actively preserving and
celebrating local cultures and traditions.
In three minutes, craft your own

Topic:
Thesis:
Antithesis:
Synthesis:
 Aristotle
• Attended the “Academy”, a prominent student
of Plato.
• After disagreeing with some of Plato’s ideas,
Aristotle left to form his own school, the
Lyceum.
 Aristotle
• believed we gain knowledge from the evidence
that we observe in the world around us.
• His studies in logic led to the formulation of a
formal process of analyzing reason, Deductive
Reasoning.
Major premise: All mammals have
backbones.
Minor premise: Humans are
mammals.
Conclusion: Humans have
backbones.
• Enables a person to engage in critical analysis
and interpretation of concepts, definition,
arguments, and problems.
• Improves problem-solving and decision –
making,
• Wisdom
• Self-development
• A Good communicator
• How can philosophy help you
succeed as a student?
• Create a poster that demonstrates
your understanding of the concept of
philosophy, showcasing your insights
and how philosophy contributes to
human life.
• Use short-size bond paper (8.5" x 11")
• Submission:
• Ensure your names, date, and class section
are written on the back of the bond paper.
 Needs
Excellent (4 Good (3 Satisfactory (2
Criteria Improvement
points) points) points)
(1 point)
Understanding of Demonstrates a Shows a good Displays a basic Lacks understanding;
Concept thorough and understanding with understanding but major inaccuracies
insightful minor inaccuracies lacks depth or or omissions.
understanding of the or omissions. clarity.
philosophical
concept.
Clarity and Accuracy Information is clear, Mostly clear and Some information is Information is
accurate, and well- accurate with few unclear, inaccurate, unclear, inaccurate,
organized; no errors. minor errors or or disorganized. or poorly organized.
disorganization.
Interpretation and Provides deep, Shows thoughtful Includes Little to no personal
Reflection thoughtful, and interpretation with interpretation but interpretation or
personal some personal lacks depth or reflection.
interpretation or reflection. personal insight.
reflection.
 Needs
Excellent (4 Good (3 Satisfactory (2
Criteria Improvement
points) points) points)
(1 point)
Visual Appeal Exceptionally Attractive design Average design; Poor design;
attractive and with good use of acceptable use of inadequate use of
creative design; colors, fonts, and colors, fonts, and colors, fonts, and
excellent use of images. images. images.
colors, fonts, and
images.
Presentation Clear, confident, and Good presentation; Satisfactory Poor presentation;
engaging communicates ideas presentation; does not effectively
presentation; well but may lack communicates ideas communicate ideas.
effectively confidence or but lacks
communicates ideas. engagement. engagement.