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Lecture 2 - Energy

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80 views23 pages

Lecture 2 - Energy

Uploaded by

jabongajohnlemmar
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Introduction to

ENERGY
ENGINEERING
1st Semester, S.Y 2024-2025

INSTRUCTOR:
ROCYLE MAE L. CANLAS
Course Description:
• This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the field
of energy engineering, covering the fundamental principles,
technologies, and systems involved in energy generation,
conversion, and utilization. Topics include conventional energy
sources (fossil fuels, nuclear), renewable energy technologies
(solar, wind, hydro, biomass), energy efficiency, and the
environmental impacts of energy systems. The course
emphasizes the technical, economic, and environmental aspects
of energy production and consumption, preparing students to
address the challenges of sustainable energy.

Summer Semester, 2023-2024 ES 301 - ENGINEERING ECONOMICS 2


TOPIC OVERVIEW

❖ History of Energy
❖ Key Persons in History of Energy
❖ Environmental Impacts of Energy Production
❖ Environmental Issues of Global significance

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 3


Why study Energy Engineering?
✓ Energy Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with energy
efficiency, power generation, energy services, facility management, environmental
compliance, sustainable energy and renewable energy.
o Covers energy generation from conventional and renewable sources
o Includes energy efficiency, energy management, and sustainability

✓ One of the more recent engineering fields to emerge, energy engineering


combines the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering,
Environmental Science and Economics.

✓ The main responsibility of energy engineers is to find the most efficient,


sustainable and cost-effective ways to operate buildings, power plants and
manufacturing processes.

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 4


Introduction

✓ Energy is the key “to the advancement of civilization”

✓ For tens of thousands of years, people relied solely on


the chemical energy gained from food that produced the
mechanical energy for working muscles.

✓ In the old days, people relied on their own muscles,


domesticated animals, water and wind for power

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 5


Energy sources pre-modern era

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 6


When Humans began to use Energy

❖ The turning point in the history of mankind was when fire was
discovered, (c. 500,000 BC)

❖ Utilize simple machines such as wheel, pulleys, and levers,


(c. 3,500 BC)
❖ Water and advanced wind power usage (c. 500 BC)
❖Primarily to sail boats and separate chaff from rice and grain

❖ Coal is burnt (c. 100 BC)

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 7


Modern Energy Use

❖ Coal Power Trains, (1850 AD)


❖ Coal and Oil for power plant use (1875 AD)
❖ Nuclear Power Discovered (1930 AD)
❖ Solar Power Used (1970 AD)

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 8


Common forms of energy

Heat (Thermal Energy)

Motion (kinetic or mechanical energy)

Light (electromagnetic energy)

Chemical energy of fuels and foodstuffs

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 9


Key Persons in History of Energy
❖ Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
❖ James Watt (1736-1819) – steam engine
❖ Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) –
maximum efficiency of ideal heat engine
❖ James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) –
equivalence of heat and mechanical work
(law of conservation of energy)
1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 10
Key Persons in History of Energy
❖ Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) – the maximum
performance obtainable from an engine using the
Carnot cycle depends solely on the temperatures
of the heat reservoirs, not on the nature of the
working substance
▪ Second Law of Thermodynamics

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 11


Key Persons in History of Energy
❖ Walther Nernst (1864-1914) – third law of
thermodynamics, at absolute zero temperature
entropy is zero
❖ Marie Curie(1867-1934) – spontaneous radiation
emitted by uranium compounds
❖ Albert Einstein (1879-1955) – mass is itself a
form of energy, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 12


Environmental Impacts of Energy Production
❖ Production and consumption of almost any type of
energy have environmental effects
❖ Harvesting of wood for fuel contributes deforestation,
soil erosion, and desertification
❖ Wood as fuel also contribute to CO2 accumulation
❖ Wood as fuel exposes users to high level of indoor
air pollution
❖ The environmental consequences of energy production
and use also adds on to waste management.
Summer Semester, 2023-2024 ES 301 - ENGINEERING ECONOMY 13
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production
❖ Global combustion of fossil fuels and other materials
places almost 7 billion tons of carbon, in the form of CO2
into the atmosphere each year.

❖ On average, Earth’s oceans, tress, plants, and soils


absorb about one-half of this carbon. The unabsorbed
remains in the air and gets accumulated again over time.

Summer Semester, 2023-2024 ES 301 - ENGINEERING ECONOMY 14


Environmental Issues of Global significance
❖ Ozone Layer Depletion
❖ Global Warming
❖ Loss of Biodiversity
❖ Air and water pollution
❖ Land Degradation

Summer Semester, 2023-2024 ES 301 - ENGINEERING ECONOMY 15


Ozone Layer Depletion
❖ Ozone is a natural gas that exists in large quantities in the
stratosphere, which is one of the upper layers of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
❖ Ozone works as a protective barrier on earth by absorbing
ultraviolet rays and other harmful rays from the sun.

❖ Ozone layer depletion is the process of reduction in thickness


of layer due to the presence of CFC’s and related compounds.

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 16


Ozone Layer Depletion

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 17


Impacts of Ozone Layer Depletion
❖ On human and animal health – increase incidence of eye diseases,
skin cancer and infectious diseases
❖ On terrestrial plants - physiological and development process of
plants are affected
❖ On aquatic eco systems – reduced survival rates of phytoplankton
communities (which is the foundation of aquatic web) and damage to
early development of aquatic species
❖ On bio-geo-chemical cycles – affect terrestrial and aquatic
biochemical cycles thus altering both sources and sinks of GHG.
❖ On air quality, faster degradation of polymeric material (plastics)
1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 18
Global Warming and Climate Change
❖ Global warming and climate change refer to an
increase in average global temperatures
❖ Natural events and human activities are believed to
be contributing to an increase in average global
temperatures

❖ This is caused primarily by increase in “greenhouse”


gases such as CO2
1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 19
✓ Main GHGs
▪ Carbon Dioxide
▪ Methane
▪ Nitrous Oxide
▪ Hydrofluorocarbons
▪ Perfluorocarbons
▪ Sulphur Hexafluoride

1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 20


Impacts of Global Warming
❖ Rapid changes in global temperature
❖ Extreme weather patterns
❖ Ecosystems impact
❖ Rising sea levels
❖ Increasing ocean acidification
❖ Increase in pests and disease
❖ Failing agricultural output
1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 21
1st Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING 22
Thank you for listening. ☺

First Semester, 2024-2025 ME 314 – Introduction to Energy Engineering 23

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