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STAT200 Week3 Homework Solutions

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8 views5 pages

STAT200 Week3 Homework Solutions

Uploaded by

Zakkiyya Hallenbeck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STAT 200 Week 3 Homework Problems Solutions

4.1.4

Probability of choosing a particular car: (total number of people = 300)

Safety Reliability Cost Performance Comfort Looks


84 62 46 34 47 27
P(reason) 84 62 46 34 47 27
= » » » » =
300 300 300 300 300 300
0.28 0.21 0.15 0.11 0.16 0.09
= 28% = 21% = 15% = 11% = 16% = 9%

4.2.2

Total number of defective lenses is 5865 + 4613+…+ 976 + 976 = 25891


5865+1992 7857
a.) P(scratched or flaked) = 25891 = 25891 = 0.303 = 30.3%
1398 + 976 2374
b.) P(wrong PD or lost in lab) = = » 0.092 = 9.2%
25891 25891
5865 20026
c.) P(not scratched) = 1 – P(scratched) = 1 − 25891 = 25891 = 0.773 = 77.3%

d.) P(not wrong shape) =


1485 24406
1- P ( wrong shape ) = 1- = » 0.943 = 94.3%
25891 25891

4.2.8

Total number of spaces in the wheel is 38.


1
a.) There is only one space with 7. Therefore, P(7) = » 0.026 = 2.6%
38
𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 7) 37⁄ 37
38
b.) odds against winning with a 7 = = 1⁄ = = 37 𝑡𝑜 1
𝑃( 7) 38 1
c.) $1 gets you $20. If the casino had used the actual odds against, for every $1 you
would get $37. So the casino makes a profit of $17 for every $1 bet.
4.4.6

Using formula:
10! 10! 3628800
10 P6 = (10−6)! = 4!
= 24
= 151,200
10! 10∗9∗8∗7∗6∗5∗4∗3∗2∗1
or 10 P6 = (10−6)! = 4∗3∗2∗1
= 10 ∗ 9 ∗ 8 ∗ 7 ∗ 6 ∗ 5 = 151,200

or Using Excel: Enter “=PERMUT(10,6)”, and we will get 151,200.


4.4.12 We use combination since order doesn’t matter.
20! 20! 20 ∗ 19 ∗ 18 ∗ 17 ∗ 16 ∗ 15 ∗ 14
𝐶(20,7) = = = = 77,520
7! (20 − 7)! 7! 13! 7∗6∗5∗4∗3∗2∗1
or Using Excel: Enter “=COMBIN(20,7)” in any cell, and we will get 77,520.

There are 20 C7 = 77,520 ways we can choose seven people from a group of twenty.
5.1.2 a.) Random variable x = number of heads

b.) Sample Space SS = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 1 3 3 1
= 0.125 = 0.375 = 0.375 = 0.125
8 8 8 8

c.) Histogram

Number of Heads
0.4
0.35
0.3
Probability

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3
x

It’s easier to use a table to do the calculation of the mean and variance.
As we know, mean 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥𝑃(𝑥), and
variance 𝜎 = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∗ 𝑃(𝑥)
In the table below, the sum of x*P(x) is the mean (1.5) and the sum of (x-mean)^2 * P(x)
is the variance (0.75).

x P(x) x*P(x) x-mean (x-mean)^2 (x-mean)^2 * P(x)


0 0.125 0 -1.5 2.25 0.28125
1 0.375 0.375 -0.5 0.25 0.09375
2 0.375 0.75 0.5 0.25 0.09375
3 0.125 0.375 1.5 2.25 0.28125
Sum 1 1.5 0.75
1 3 3 1
d.) mean = 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥𝑃(𝑥) = 0 ∗ 8 + 1 ∗ 8 + 2 ∗ 8 + 3 ∗ 8 = 1.5 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
e.) variance = s 2 = 0.75 heads2
f.) standard deviation =𝜎 = √0.75 = 0.866 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
g.) P ( x ³ 2 ) = 0.375 + 0.125 = 0.50
h.) No, it is not unusual to flip two heads, since P ( x ³ 2 ) > 0.05 .

5.1.4

Let the random variable x = net value of the extended warranty.


If the dishwasher does not need to be replaced in the first two years, then the consumer
will not get the $112.10 back, which means the net value is -112.10.
If the dishwasher needs to be replaced in the first two years, the net value for the
warranty is 800 – 112.10 = 687.90 as the consumer has paid $112.10 upfront. In
summary, the probability distribution for the net value is shown in the table below:

Replace Don’t replace


x 800 -112.10 = $687.90 -$112.10
P(x) 0.20 0.80

Expected value = 687.90 *0.20 + ( -112.10 ) *0.80 = $47.90


So in terms of the LG dishwasher, it makes sense to purchase the extended warranty.
5.2.4

1.) n = 6 and p = 0.30


Using TI-83/84
a.) P ( x = 1) = binompdf ( 6,.3,1) » 0.3025
b.) P ( x = 5 ) = binompdf ( 6,.3,5 ) » 0.0102
c.) P ( x = 3) = binompdf ( 6,.3,3) » 0.1852
d.) P ( x £ 3) = binomcdf ( 6,.3, 3) » 0.9295
e.) P ( x ³ 5 ) = 1- P ( x < 5 ) = 1- P ( x £ 4 ) = 1- binomcdf ( 6,.3,4 ) » 0.0109
f.) P ( x £ 4 ) = binomcdf ( 6,.3,4 ) » 0.9891
Using Excel
a.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST (1,6,0.3,0)”, and we will get P(x=1) = 0.3025
b.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST (5,6,0.3,0)”, and we will get P(x=5) = 0.0102
c.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST (5,6,0.3,0)”, and we will get P(x=3) = 0.1852
d.) Enter “ = BINOM.DIST(3,6,0.3,1)”, and we will get P(x<=3) = 0.9295
e.) P(x>=5) = 1 – P(x<=4)
Enter “ =1- BINOM.DIST(4,6,0.3,1)”, and we will get P(x>=5) = 0.0109
f.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST(4,6,0.3,1)”, and we will get P(x<=4) = 0.9891
5.2.10

n = 52 and p = 0.14
a.) Random variable x = number of brown M&M’s in a milk chocolate packet
b.) There are a fixed number of trials, mainly 52 M&M’s. The trials are independent,
since the color of one M&M does not affect the color of the next chosen M&M.
There are two outcomes, brown or not brown. The probability of a success is the
same for each trial, which is 14%.
Using TI-83/84
c.) P ( x = 6 ) = binompdf ( 52,.14,6 ) » 0.1487
d.) P ( x = 25 ) = binompdf ( 52,.14,25 ) » 3.662 ´10-9
e.) P ( x = 52 ) = binompdf ( 52,.14,52 ) » 3.969 ´10-45

Using Excel
c.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST (6,52,0.14,0)”, and we will get P(x=6) = 0.1487
d.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST(25,52,0.14,0)”, and we will get P(x=25) = 3.662 * 10-9
e.) Enter “ =BINOM.DIST(52,52,0.14,0)”, and we will get P(x=52) = 3.969 * 10-45
f.) It is unusual for all of the M&Ms to be brown, because the probability is less than
5%. If that were to happen, you could think that the filling machine was
malfunctioning or you had a special bag of M&Ms
5.3.4

1.) n = 15 and p = 0.10


a.) Random Variable x = number of people who are left-handed
b.) Probability distribution is found using TI-83/84: binompdf(15,.10,x value) or using
Excel: “=BINOM.DIST(15,0.10,x)”

x p(x)
0 0.20589
1 0.34315
2 0.26690
3 0.12851
4 0.04284
5 0.01047
6 0.00194
7 0.00028
8 0.00003
9 0.00000
10 0.00000
11 0.00000
12 0.00000
13 0.00000
14 0.00000
15 0.00000
c.) Histogram

Probability Distribution
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
p(x)

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
x

d.) This graph is skewed to the right.


e.) Mean = m = 15 *0.10 = 1.5
f.) Variance =𝜎 2 = 15 ∗ 0.10 ∗ (1 − 0.10) = 15 ∗ 0.10 ∗ 0.90 = 1.35
g.) Standard deviation =𝜎 = √1.35 = 1.162

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