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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 1

Question:

The diagram shows the speed-time graph of the motion of an athlete running along a straight track. For the first 4 s, he
accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 9 m s − 1. This speed is then maintained for a further 8 s. Find

a the rate at which the athlete accelerates,

b the total distance travelled by the athlete in 12 s.

Solution:

9
aa= 4
= 2.25

The athlete accelerates at a rate of 2.25 m s − 2.

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
= 2
( 8 + 12 ) × 9 = 90

The total distance travelled by the athlete is 90 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 2

Question:

A car is moving along a straight road. When t = 0 s, the car passes a point A with speed 10 m s − 1 and this speed is
maintained until t = 30 s. The driver then applies the brakes and the car decelerates uniformly, coming to rest at the point
B when t = 42 s.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the car.

b Find the distance from A to B.

Solution:

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
= ( 30 + 42 ) × 10 = 360
2

The distance from A to B is 360 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 3

Question:

The diagram shows the speed-time graph of the motion of a cyclist riding along a straight road. She accelerates
uniformly from rest to 8 m s − 1 in 20 s. She then travels at a constant speed of 8 m s − 1 for 40 s. She then decelerates
uniformly to rest in 15 s. Find

a the acceleration of the cyclist in the first 20 s of motion,

b the deceleration of the cyclist in the last 15 s of motion,

c the total distance travelled in 75 s.

Solution:

8
aa= 20 = 0.4

The acceleration of the cyclist is 0.4 m s − 2.

−8
ba= 15 ( = − 0.53 )

8
The deceleration of the cyclist is 15 m s − 2.

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
= ( 40 + 75 ) × 8 = 460
2

The total distance travelled is 460 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 4

Question:

A car accelerates at a constant rate, starting from rest at a point A and reaching a speed of 45 km h − 1 in 20 s. This speed
is then maintained and the car passes a point B 3 minutes after leaving A.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the car.

b Find the distance from A to B.

Solution:

a
45 × 1000
45 km h − 1 = 3600
m s − 1 = 12.5 m s − 1
3 min = 180 s

1
s = 2
(a+b) h
1
= 2
( 160 + 180 ) × 12.5 = 2125

The distance from A to B is 2125 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 5

Question:

A motorcyclist starts from rest at a point S on a straight race track. He moves with constant acceleration for 15 s,
reaching a speed of 30 m s − 1. He then travels at a constant speed of 30 m s − 1 for T seconds. Finally he decelerates at a
constant rate coming to rest at a point F, 25 s after he begins to decelerate.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion.

Given that the distance between S and F is 2.4 km,

b calculate the time the motorcyclist takes to travel from S to F.

Solution:

b
1
s = 2
(a+b) h
1
2400 = ( T + ( 15 + T + 25 ) ) × 30 = 15 ( 2T + 40 )
2

2400
2T + 40 = 15
= 160
160 − 40
T= 2
= 60

The taken to travel from S to F is ( 15 + T + 25 ) s = 100 s.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 6

Question:

A train is travelling along a straight track. To obey a speed restriction, the brakes of the train are applied for 30 s
reducing the speed of the train from 40 m s − 1 to 16 m s − 1. The train then continues at a constant speed of 16 m s − 1 for
a further 70s. The diagram shows a speed-time graph illustrating the motion of the train for the total period of 100 s. Find

a the retardation of the train in the first 30 s,

b the total distance travelled by the train in 100 s.

Solution:

16 − 40 24
aa= 30
= − 30
= − 0.8

The retardation (deceleration) is 0.8 m s − 2.

b The area under the graph is made up of a triangle, with sides 30 × 24, and a rectangle, with sides 100 × 16.

1
s= 2
× 30 × 24 + 100 × 16 = 360 + 1600 = 1960

The total distance travelled by the train is 1960 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 7

Question:

A train starts from a station X and moves with constant acceleration 0.6 m s − 2 for 20 s. The speed it has reached after 20
s is then maintained for T seconds. The train then decelerates from this speed to rest in a further 40 s, stopping at a station
Y.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the train.

Given that the distance between the stations is 4.2 km, find

b the value of T,

c the distance travelled by the train while it is moving with constant speed.

Solution:

a The speed after 20 s is given by

v = u + at
= 0 + 0.6 × 20 = 12

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
4200 = ( T + ( 20 + T + 40 ) ) × 12
2
4200 = 6 ( 2T + 60 ) = 12T + 360
4200 − 360
T= 12 = 320

c at constant speed, distance = speed × time

= 12 × 320 = 3840

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The distance travelled at a constant speed is 3840 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 8

Question:

A particle moves along a straight line. The particle accelerates from rest to a speed of 10 m s − 1 in 15 s. The particle then
moves at a constant speed of 10 m s − 1 for a period of time. The particle then decelerates uniformly to rest. The period of
time for which the particle is travelling at a constant speed is 4 times the period of time for which it is decelerating.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the particle.

Given that the total distance travelled by the particle is 480 m,

b find the total time for which the particle is moving,

c sketch an acceleration-time graph illustrating the motion of the particle.

Solution:

a Let the time for which the particle decelerates be T seconds.

Then the time for which the particle moves at a constant speed is 4T seconds.

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
480 = 2
( 4T + ( 15 + 4T + T ) ) × 10 = 5 ( 9T + 15 )
45T + 75 = 480
480 − 75
T = 45
=9

The total time for which the particle is moving is

( 5T + 15 ) s = ( 5 × 9 + 15 ) s = 60 s

10 2
c While accelerating, a = 15
= 3

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10
While decelerating, a = − 9

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 9

Question:

A particle moves 100 m in a straight line. The diagram is a sketch of a speed-time graph of the motion of the particle.
The particle starts with speed u m s − 1 and accelerates to a speed 10 m s − 1 in 3 s. The speed of 10 m s − 1 is maintained
for 7 s and then the particle decelerates to rest in a further 2 s. Find

a the value of u,

b the acceleration of the particle in the first 3 s of motion.

Solution:

a Area = trapezium + rectangle + triangle

1 1
100 = ( u + 10 ) × 3 + 7 × 10 + × 2 × 10
2 2
3
100 = 2
( u + 10 ) + 70 + 10
3
2
( u + 10 ) = 100 − 70 − 10 = 20
2 40
u + 10 = 20 × 3
= 3
40 10
u= 3
− 10 = 3

10
10 −
3 20
ba= 3 = 9

20
The acceleration of the particle is 9 m s − 2.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 10

Question:

The diagram is an acceleration-time graph to show the motion of a particle. At time t = 0 s, the particle is at rest. Sketch
a speed-time graph for the motion of the particle.

Solution:

From t = 0 to t = 4 v = u + at
= 0 + 0.8 × 4 = 3.2

From t = 10 to t = 16 v = u + at
= 3.2 − 0.2 × 6 = 2

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 11

Question:

A motorcyclist M leaves a road junction at time t = 0 s. She accelerates at a rate of 3 m s − 2 for 8 s and then maintains the speed she
has reached. A car C leaves the same road junction as M at time t = 0 s. The car accelerates from rest to 30 m s − 1 in 20 s and then
maintains the speed of 30 m s − 1. C passes M as they both pass a pedestrian.

a On the same diagram, sketch speed-time graphs to illustrate the motion of M and C.

b Find the distance of the pedestrian from the road junction.

Solution:

a For M, v = u + at = 0 + 3 × 8 = 24

b Let C overtake M at time T seconds.

The distance travelled by M is given by

1 1
s= 2 (a+b) h= 2 ( T − 8 + T ) × 24 = 12 ( 2T − 8 )

The distance travelled by C is given by

1 1
s= 2 (a+b) h= 2 ( T − 20 + T ) × 30 = 15 ( 2T − 20 )

At the point of overtaking the distances are equal

12 ( 2T − 8 ) = 15 ( 2T − 20 )
24T − 96 = 30T − 300
6T = 204
204
T = 6
= 34

s = 12 ( 2T − 8 ) = 12 ( 2 × 34 − 8 ) = 720

The distance of the pedestrian from the road junction is 720 m.

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Solutionbank M1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line
Exercise D, Question 12

Question:

A particle is moving on an axis Ox. From time t = 0 s to time t = 32 s, the particle is travelling with constant speed 15 m
s − 1. The particle then decelerates from 15 m s − 1 to rest in T seconds.

a Sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the particle.

The total distance travelled by the particle is 570 m.

b Find the value of T.

c Sketch a distance-time graph illustrating the motion of the particle.

Solution:

1
s = (a+b) h
2
1
570 = 2
( 32 + 32 + T ) × 15
15
2
( T + 64 ) = 570
570 × 2
T + 64 = 15
= 76
T = 76 − 64 = 12

c At t = 32, s = 32 × 15 = 480
At t = 44, s = 480 + area of the triangle
1
= 480 + × 12 × 15 = 570
2

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