MatoshriEducationSociety’s

MATOSHRIINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY
A/P: Dhanore, Tal-Yeola, Dist.-Nasik, 423391

Micro Project Report

Academic year: 2024-25

Title of Project

Machine Learning and Mining

Name of Student: Ghuge Resham Dattu

Class : TYCO

Semester : Sixth
Roll No : 10

Enrollment No : 2211710050

Seat No :

Program : Computer Engineering

Course : NIS
Course code : 22620
Name of Teacher : Miss. Bhandare S.N

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 MatoshriEducationSociety’s
MATOSHRIINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY
A/P: Dhanore, Tal-Yeola, Dist.-Nasik, 423391

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr./Ms Ghuge Resham Dattu Roll no
10 Of Sixth semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering has
successfully completed the for the Academic year 2024-2025 as
prescribed MSBTE Micro Project In Machine learning and

mining In Curriculum under the guidance of subject teacher.

Place :Yeola Enrollment No:2111710050

Date: Seat No: 458851

Miss. Bhandare S.N.

MR. Ghorpade M.S. MR. Gujrathi G.S.
Course Teacher HOD Principal

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 Micro Project Report Index
AcademicYear-2024-25 Program: Computer Engineering
Class: TYCO Course: NIS
Code: 22620 Roll No: 10
Enrolment No: 2111710050 Seat no:

Title of Micro Project: Machine learning and mining

Sr.No Contents Page.No

1 Introduction 1
2 Definition 2
3 Features 3
4 Classification 4

5 History 5
Conclusion

6 References 6

MS. Ghuge Resham Miss. Bhandare S.N

Signature of Student Name of Teacher &Sign

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 ANNEXUREI
Rubric for Evaluation of Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-25 Program: Computer Engineering

Class: TYCO Course: NIS
Course Code: 22620 Roll No: 10

Enrolment No: 2111710050 Seat No:

Title of Micro Project: Machine learning and mining

Group Member:

Sr.No. RollNo. Name of Candidates

1 10 Ghuge Resham D

CO coverage:
1. Apply Various Software Testing Methods.
Indicator sfor different level fPer form an
Marks ce(EvaluationScale0to 2)
Sr .No Criteria Obtained
(Out of2) Poor(0) Average(1) Good(2)

Submission of Not Submitted proposal or project Project proposal

1 Projectproposal/R anythingintim report submitted in &project report
eport e time submittedijtime
CO/PRO Not attained Attained At
2
attainment anyCO/PRO someCO/PRO tainedmaxi
mum
Containsm
Content of Not aximumrel
Contains some
3 project/For containsrele evantinfor
relevant information
mattedng vantinforma mation
tion
Total Marks
4
(06)
Question/
5
Answers(04)
Total(10):

Name of Teacher &Sign

Miss. Bhandare S.N

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 Micro Project Proposal

Academic Year: 2024-25 Program: Computer Engineering

Class: TYCO Course: NIS
Course Code: 22620 Roll No: 10
Enrollment No: 2111710050 Seat No:

Title of Micro Project: Machine learning and mining

Group Members:
Sr .No. Roll No. Name of Candidates

1 10 Ghuge Resham D

Key/points:-
A circular-faced clock with the numbers one to twelve around the outside and
two hands
References:
https://chat.openai.com/c/49f4842c-fd38-4beb-8f9c-5ea4ff90c7db

Comments by guide:

Subject Teacher
Miss. Bhandare S.N

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 Micro Project LogBook

Semester: 2024-25 Program: Computer Engineering

Course: NIS Class: TYCO
Title of Micro Project: Machine learning and mining

Group member :
Sign
Sr .No. Roll No. Name of group member

1 10 Ghuge Resham.D

Teacher’s
Week No. Discussion &Details Teacher’s Comment
Sign.

1 General discussion about micro project activity.

2 Guidelines for micro project
Discussion on different industry/application/study
3 Orient tectonics
Group member are finalize dander topics
4
Decided ,as
Work distribution to collect the information
5
regarding topic by each member.
Gathered in form action through the various
6 sources, such as internet, book, magazine, journal
and newspaper.

Discussed the difficulty faced during the collection

7 of necessary information among the group
member.
Discussion with the guide to sortie tiffin cult faced
8
whilecollectingtheinformation.
9 Preparedaroughdraft&Shown ittothe guide.

Necessary instructions are given by the guide for its

10
better presentation&Finalized project.
Presentation is given on the topic ,Report is prepare
11 don the topic & final submission of micro project
and Report

Name & Signature of project Guide Name & Signature of HOD

Miss. Bhandare S.N Mr. Ghorpade M.S

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 Introduction

Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers to “self-learn”
from training data and improve over time, without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning
algorithms are able to detect patterns in data and learn from them, in order to make their own predictions.

Arthur Samuel, an early American leader in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence, coined
the term “Machine Learning” in 1959 while at IBM. He defined machine learning as “the field of study
that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed “. However, there is no
universally accepted definition for machine learning. Different authors define the term differently. We give
below two more definitions.

Machine learning is programming computers to optimize a performance criterion using example data or
past experience. We have a model defined up to some parameters, and learning is the execution of a
computer program to optimize the parameters of the model using the training data or past experience. The
model may be predictive to make predictions in the future, or descriptive to gain knowledge from data.
The field of study known as machine learning is concerned with the question of how to construct computer
programs that automatically improve with experience.

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  Definition of learning:

A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and
performance measure P, if its performance at tasks T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.

Examples

Handwriting recognition learning problem

Task T: Recognizing and classifying handwritten words within images
Performance P: Percent of words correctly classified
Training experience E: A dataset of handwritten words with given classifications
a robot driving learning problem
Task T: Driving on highways using vision sensors
Performance P: Average distance traveled before an error
Training experience E: A sequence of images and steering commands recorded while observing a human
driver

Definition: A computer program which learns from experience is called a machine learning program or
simply a learning program.

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  Classification of Machine Learning:
Machine learning implementations are classified into four major categories, depending on the nature of the
learning “signal” or “response” available to a learning system which are as follows:

A. Supervised
learning:

Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning a function that maps an input to an output
based on example input-output pairs. The given data is labeled. Both classification and regression problems
are supervised learning problems.

Example — Consider the following data regarding patients entering a clinic. The data consists of the
gender and age of the patients and each patient is labeled as “healthy” or “sick”.
GenderAge Label
M 48 sick
M 67 sick
F 53 healthy
M 49 sick
F 32 healthy
M 34 healthy
M 21 healthy

B.
Unsupervised
learning:

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm used to draw inferences from datasets
consisting of input data without labeled responses. In unsupervised learning algorithms, classification or
categorization is not included in the observations. Example: Consider the following data regarding patients
entering a clinic. The data consists of the gender and age of the patients.

Gender Age
M 48
M 67
F 53
M 49
F 34
M 21

As a kind of learning, it resembles the methods humans use to figure out that certain objects or events are
from the same class, such as by observing the degree of similarity between objects. Some recommendation
systems that you find on the web in the form of marketing automation are based on this type of learning.

To know more about supervised and unsupervised learning refer to:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/supervised-unsupervised-learning/.

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 B. Reinforcement learning:

Reinforcement learning is the problem of getting an agent to act in the world so as to maximize its rewards.

A learner is not told what actions to take as in most forms of machine learning but instead must discover
which actions yield the most reward by trying them. For example — consider teaching a dog a new trick:
we cannot tell him what to do, what not to do, but we can reward/punish it if it does the right/wrong thing.

When watching the video, notice how the program is initially clumsy and unskilled but steadily improves
with training until it becomes a champion.

To know more about Reinforcement learning refer to:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-reinforcement-learning/.

C. Semi-supervised learning:

Where an incomplete training signal is given: a training set with some (often many) of the target outputs
missing. There is a special case of this principle known as Transduction where the entire set of problem
instances is known at learning time, except that part of the targets are missing. Semi-supervised learning is
an approach to machine learning that combines small labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data
during training. Semi-supervised learning falls between unsupervised learning and supervised learning.

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  How dose machine learning work

A machine learning system builds prediction models, learns from previous data, and predicts the output of
new data whenever it receives it. The amount of data helps to build a better model that accurately predicts
the output, which in turn affects the accuracy of the predicted output.

Let's say we have a complex problem in which we need to make predictions. Instead of writing code, we
just need to feed the data to generic algorithms, which build the logic based on the data and predict the
output. Our perspective on the issue has changed as a result of machine learning. The Machine Learning
algorithm's operation is depicted in the following block diagram:

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  History of Machine Learning

Before some years (about 40-50 years), machine learning was science fiction, but today it is the part of
our daily life. Machine learning is making our day to day life easy from self-driving cars to Amazon
virtual assistant "Alexa". However, the idea behind machine learning is so old and has a long history.
Below some milestones are given which have occurred in the history of machine learning:

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 Features of Machine Learning:

o Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given dataset.

o It can learn from past data and improve automatically.
o It is a data-driven technology.
o Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals with the huge amount of the data.

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  Need for Machine Learning:

The demand for machine learning is steadily rising. Because it is able to perform tasks that are too
complex for a person to directly implement, machine learning is required. Humans are constrained by our
inability to manually access vast amounts of data; as a result, we require computer systems, which is where
machine learning comes in to simplify our lives.

By providing them with a large amount of data and allowing them to automatically explore the data, build
models, and predict the required output, we can train machine learning algorithms. The cost function can
be used to determine the amount of data and the machine learning algorithm's performance. We can save
both time and money by using machine learning.

The significance of AI can be handily perceived by its utilization's cases, Presently, AI is utilized in self-
driving vehicles, digital misrepresentation identification, face acknowledgment, and companion idea by
Facebook, and so on. Different top organizations, for example, Netflix and Amazon have constructed AI
models that are utilizing an immense measure of information to examine the client interest and suggest
item likewise.

Following are some key points which show the importance of Machine Learning:

o Rapid increment in the production of data

o Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a human
o Decision making in various sector including finance
o Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful information from data.

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  Classification of Machine Learning

At a broad level, machine learning can be classified into three types:

1. Supervised learning
2. Unsupervised learning
3. Reinforcement learning

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1) Supervised Learning

In supervised learning, sample labeled data are provided to the machine learning system for training, and
the system then predicts the output based on the training data.

The system uses labeled data to build a model that understands the datasets and learns about each one.
After the training and processing are done, we test the model with sample data to see if it can accurately
predict the output.

The mapping of the input data to the output data is the objective of supervised learning. The managed
learning depends on oversight, and it is equivalent to when an understudy learns things in the management
of the educator. Spam filtering is an example of supervised learning.

o Supervised Classification
o Regression

2) Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without any supervision.

The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that has not been labeled, classified, or
categorized, and the algorithm needs to act on that data without any supervision. The goal of unsupervised
learning is to restructure the input data into new features or a group of objects with similar patterns.

In unsupervised learning, we don't have a predetermined result. The machine tries to find useful insights
from the huge amount of data. It can be further classifieds into two categories of algorithms:

o Clustering
o Association

3) Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method, in which a learning agent gets a reward for
each right action and gets a penalty for each wrong action. The agent learns automatically with these
feedbacks and improves its performance. In reinforcement learning, the agent interacts with the
environment and explores it. The goal of an agent is to get the most reward points, and hence, it improves
its performance.

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 Conclusion

This tutorial has introduced you to Machine Learning. Now, you know that Machine Learning is a
technique of training machines to perform the activities a human brain can do, albeit bit faster and better
than an average human-being. Today we have seen that the machines can beat human champions in games
such as Chess, Alpha GO, which are considered very complex. You have seen that machines can be
trained to perform human activities in several areas and can aid humans in living better lives.

Machine Learning can be a Supervised or Unsupervised. If you have lesser amount of data and clearly
labelled data for training, opt for Supervised Learning.
Unsupervised Learning would generally give better performance and results for large data sets. If you
have a huge data set easily available, go for deep learning techniques. You also have learned
Reinforcement Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning. You now know what Neural Networks are,
their applications and limitations.

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 References

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-biometrics/
https://www.javatpoint.com/biometric-system-security-and-
attacks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics
https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security/government/inspired/biometrics

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