13.

Thermodynamics-Medium

1. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium if 10. If a gas is compressed adiabatically by doing work of 150 J,
(a) The macroscopic variables do not change in time the change in internal energy of the gas is
(b) The microscopic variables do not change in time (a) 100 J (b) 150 J (c) 200 J (d) 250 J
(c) The macroscopic variables change in time
(d) The maicrosocpic variables changes in time. 11. If R is universal gas constant, the amount of heat neaded to
raise the temperature of 2 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas
2. “Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system from 273 K to 373 K when no work is done is
separately are in thermal equilibrium with each other.” (a) 100 R (b) 150 R (c) 300 R (d) 500 R
The above statement is
(a) First law of thermodynamics 12. In an adiabatic change the specific heat of gas is
(b) Second law of thermodynamics (a) Increase with increase in temperature
(c) Third law of thermodynamics (b) Decrease with increase in temperature
(d) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (c) Not depend upon change in temperature
(d) Always zero
3. Internal energy of an ideal gas depends upon
(a) Temperature only 13. Which one of the following graphs represents variation of
(b) Volume only specific heat capacity of water with temperature?
(c) Both volume and temperature
(d) Neither volume nor temperature

4. An ideal gas undergoing a change of state from A to B

through four different paths I, II, III and IV as shown in the P-
V diagram that lead to the same change of state, then the (a) (b)
change in internal energy is

(c) (d)

(a) Is same in I and II but not in III and IV 14. An ideal gas having molar specific heat capacity at constant
(b) Is same in III and IV but not in I and II 3
(c) Is same in I, II and III but not in IV
(d) Same in all the four cases volume 2 is R, the molar specific heat capacities at constant
pressure is
5. An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 120 1 5 7 9
–1
(a) 2 R (b) 2 R (c) 2 R (d) 2 R
W. If system performs work at a rate of 80 J s , the rate of
increase in internal energy is
(a) 30 J s–1
(b) 40 J s–1 (c) 50 J s–1 (d) 60J s–1 15. Mayer’s formula for the relation between two principal
specific heats CP and CV of a gas is given by
6. Air is expanded from 50 litres to 150 litres at 2 atmospheric CP
pressure. The external work done is (Given, 1 atm = 10 5 N m– =R
2
) – C = R (b)
CV
V P
(a) 2 × 10–8 J (b) 2 × 104 J (c) 200 J (d) 2000 J
(a) C
CV
7. The possibility of increase in the temperature of a gas without =R
adding heat to it happens in (c) CP – CV = R (d)
CP
(a) Adiabatic expansion (b) Isothermal expansion
(c) Adiabatic compression (d) Isothermal compression
16. For a gas of molecular weight M specific heat capacity at

( )
8. Which of the following is not a path function? CP
(a) Δ Q (b) Δ Q + DW (c) Δ W (d) Δ Q – DW
γ=
CV
constant pressure is
R γR γR γ RM
9. Which one of the following is not possible in a cyclic (a) γ−1 (b) γ−1
(c) M (γ−1) (d) (γ−1 )
process?
(a) Work done by the system is positive
17. Two moles of oxygen is mixed with eight moles helium. The
(b) Heat added to the system is positive
effective specific heat of the mixture at constant volume is
(c) Work done on the system is positive
(a) 1.3 R (b) 1.4 R (c) 1.7 R (d) 1.9 R
(d) Heat removed from the system is negative
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

18. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at temperature

T0
25. If an ideal gas undergoes isothermal process from some
P
= initial state i to the f, then the change in internal energy during
expands slowly according to the law V
constant. If the this process is
2 T 0 heat supplied to the gas is (a) dU = dQ (b) dU = –dW (c) dU = 0 (d) dU = dW
final temperature is
3 1 26. The relation between the slope of isothermal curve and slope
2 RT 0 RT 0 RT RT
(b) (c) 2 0 (d) 2 0 of adiabatic curve
(a) Slope of adiabatic curve = γ times slope of isothermal
(a)
curve
19. Which is an intensive property? (b) Slope of isothermal curve = γ times slope of adiabatic
(a) Volume (b) Mass curve
(c) Refractive index (d) Weight (c) Slope of adiabatic curve = γ 2 times slope of isothermal
curve
20. Which of the following process is correct for given P-V (d) Slope of isothermal curve = γ 2 times slope of adiabatic
diagram. curve

27. In a cyclic process, which of the following statement is not

correct?
(a) Change in internal energy is zero.
(a) Adiabatic process (b) Isothermal process (b) The system returns to its initial state and it is reversible
(c) Isobaric process (d) Isochoric process (c) The total heat abosorbed by the system is equals to work
done by the system.
21. The ideal gas equation for an adiabatic process is (d) Change in internal energy is not zero.
γ +1
(a) PVγ = constant (b) TV = constant
(
γ +1) γ +1
(c) P T = constant (d) P T = constant
28. An ideal gas system undergoes an isothermal process, then
the work done during the process is
22. The isothermal diagram of a gas at three different V2 V1
temperatures T1, T2 and T3 is shown in the given figure. Then,
nRTln
V1 (b) nRTln
V2
(a)

( )
V2 V1
V1 V2
nRTln (d) 2nRTln
(c) 2
T1 < T2 < T3 (b) T1 < T2 > T3
(a)
> T2 > T3 (d) T1 > T2 < T3 29. One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial state A to final
(c) T1 state B via two processes : It first undergoes isothermal
expansion from volume V to 3V and then its volume is
6
23. If an engine delivers 9.5 × 10 J of work per hour and absorbs reduced from 3V to V at constant pressure. The correct P-V
7
6.2 × 10 J of heat per hour, the amount of heat wasted per diagram representing the two processes is
hour is
(a) 6.95 × 107 J (b) 5.25 × 107 J
7
(c) 8.55 × 10 J (d) 9.55 × 107 J

24. A thermodynamic process is carried out from an original state

(a) (b)
D to an intermediate state E by the linear process shown in
figure
The total work is done by the gas from D to E to F is

(c) (d)

(a) 100 J (b) 800 J (c) 300 J (d) 250 J

13.Thermodynamics-Medium

30. Pressure P, volume V and temperature T for a certain gas are (B) Isobaric (q) Volume constant
AT−BT 2 (C) Isochoric (r) Pressure constant
(D) Adiabatic (s) Temperature constant
related by P = V , where A and B are constants. (a)(A)-(s), (B)-(r), (C)-(q), (D)-(p)
The work done by the gas as its temperature change from T 1 (b)(A)-(p), (B)-(s), (C)-(r), (D)-(q)
to T2 while pressure remaining constant is (c)(A)-(q), (B)-(r), (C)-(p), (D)-(s)
(d) (A)-(r), (B)-(p), (C)-(q), (D)-(s)
(a) A – (T2 – T1) (b) A(T2 – T1) – B(T22 – T12)
(c) (T 2 38. Two moles of helium gas undergo a cyclic process as shown
2
– T12) – (T23 – T13) (d) A(T2 – T1)2 – (T2 – T1)3
in figure. Assuming the gas to be ideal, the net work done by
the gas is
31. 1 g mole of an ideal gas at STP is subjected of a reversible
adiabatic expression to double its volume. The change in
internal energy (γ = 1.4)
(a) 1169 J (b) 769 J (c) 1373 J (d) 969 K

32. An ideal gas at pressure P is adiabatically compressed so that (a) 200Rln2 (b) 100Rln2 (c) 300Rln2 (d) 400Rln2
its density becomes n times the initial value. The final
pressure of the gas will be
γ 39. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupy a volume
(a) n P (b) (n – γ )P 2V at temperature 300 K, it expands to a volume 4V
(c) n(γ – 1)P (d) n(1 – γ )P adiabatically, then the final temperature of gas is
(a) 179 K (b) 189 K (c) 199 K (d) 219 K
33. During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does –
150 J of work against its surroundings. This implies that 40. The given P-V diagram expansion of gas. Which one of the
(a) 150 J of heat has been removed from the gas following statement is true?
(b) 300 J of heat has been added to the gas
(c) No heat is transferred because the process is Isothermal
(d) 150 J of heat has been added to the gas

34. The work done in adiabatic process is given by

nR ( T 1−T 2 ) nR ( T 1−T 2 ) (a) A is isothermal and B adiabatic process
(b) A is adiabatic and B isothermal process
(a) γ (b) γ −1 (c) Both isothermal process
γ ( T 1 −T 2 ) R (d) Both adiabatic process
(c) ng(T1 – T2)R (d) n
41. The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas is increased from
T to 4T through a process for which pressure P = aT –1 where
a is a constant. Then, the work done by the gas is
35. Which of the following P-V diagram represent the graph of (a) nRT (b) 4nRT (c) 2nRT (d) 6Nrt
isometric process ?
42. The pressure P1 and density d1 of a diatomic gas (γ = 7/5)
d2
change to P2 and d2 during an adiabatic operation. If
d 1 = 32,
(a) (b)
P2
then
P 1 is
(a) 76 (b) 128 (c) 168 (d) 298
(c) (d)
43. The fall in temperature of helium gas initially at 20°C when it
36. A gas expands with temperature according to the relation is suddenly expanded to 8 times its original volume is
V = KT2/3. Work done when the temperature changes by 60 K
is
(a) 0 R (b) 30 R (c) 40 R (d) 20 R
( γ= 53 )
(a) 70.25 K (b) 71.25 K (c) 72.25 K (d) 73.25 K

44. In the question number 72, the heat exchanged by the engine
37. Match the column I with column II with the surroundings for path D to A is (at constant pressure)
Type of processes Features
(A) Isothermal (p) ΔQ=0
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

5 5 (d) Neither cool down nor hot up

(a) 2 PA(VD – VA) (b) 2P (VA – VD)

A 53. If the co-efficient of performance of a refrigerator is 5 and
3 1 operates at the room temperature 27°C, the temperature inside
the refrigerator is
(c) 2P (VD – VA) (d) 2P (VD – VA) (a)240 K (b) 250 K (c) 230 K (d) 260 K
A A

54. The coefficient of performance of refrigerator, whose

45. A one mole of an ideal gas expands adiabatically at constant efficiency is 25% is
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
1
¿
pressure such that its temperature T √V The value of 55. Consider a heat engine as shown in figure Q 1 and Q2 are heat
the adiabatic constant of gas is added to heat bath T1 and heat taken from T2 in one cycle of
(a) 1.3 (b) 1.5 (c) 1.67 (d) 2.0 engine. W is the mechanical work done on the engine. If W >
0, then possibilities are
46. A Carnot cycle has the reversible processes in which of the
following order.
(a)Isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal
compression and adiabatic compression
(b) Isothermal compression, adiabatic expansion, isothermal
expansion and adiabatic compression
(c) Isothermal expansion, adiabatic compression, isothermal
compression and adiabatic expansion
(d) Adiabatic expansion, isothermal expansion adiabatic
compression and isothermal compression. (i) Q1 > Q2 > 0 (ii) Q2 > Q1 > 0
(iii) Q2 < Q1 < 0 (iv) Q1 < 0, Q2 > 0
47. The conclusion of second law of thermodynamics is that
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(a) No heat engine can have efficiency η equal to zero. (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
(b) No heat engine can have efficiency η equal to one.
(c) No heat engine can have efficiency η greater than one. 56. A process is said to be reversible if
(a) The system return to their original states
(d) No heat engine can have efficiency η less than one. (b)The surroundings return to their original states
(c) Both the system as well as the surroundings return to their
48. An engine has an efficiency of 0.25 when temperature of sink original states
is reduced by 58°C, if its efficiency is doubled, then the (d) Neither system nor surroundings return to their original
temperature of the source is states
(a) 150°C (b) 222°C (c) 242°C (d) 232°C
57. A Carnot’s cycle operating between T 1 = 600 K and T2 = 300
49. Consider a Carnot cycle operating between source K producing 1.5 kJ of mechanical work per cycle. The heat
temperature 750 K and sink temperature 350 K producing transferred to the engine by the reservoirs
1.25 kJ of mechanical work per cycle, the heat transferred to (a) 2.5 kJ (b) 3 kJ (c) 3.5 kJ (d) 4 kJ
the engine by the reservoirs
(a) 1.34 kJ (b) 2.34 kJ (c) 3.34 kJ (d) 4.34 kJ
58. If a carnot engine is working between steam point and ice
point, then its efficiency will be
50. A heat engine has an efficiency η . Temperatures of source (a) 24.9 % (b) 25.7% (c) 26.8% (d) 28.8%
and sink are each decreased by 100 K. The efficiency of the
engine 59. Carnot engine is
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (a) Reversible engine
(c) Remains constant (d) Becomes 1 (b) Operating between two temperature T (source) and T
1 2
(sink) have maximum efficiency
51. A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 7°C. The (c) Consisting of two isothermal processes connected by two
coefficient of performance of refrigerator if room temperature adiabatic processes
is 38°C is (d) All of these
(a) 15.5 (b) 16.3 (c) 20.1 (d) 9.03
60. Air pressure in the tyers of a car during motion is
52. When the door of a refrigerator is kept open then the room (a) Increase (b) Decrease
temperature starts (c) Remain constant (d) First increase then decrease
(a) Cool down
(b) Hot up
(c) First cool down then hot up 61. A Carnot engine whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat from
a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K. It is desired to
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the intake

temperature for the same exhaust (sink) temperature must be 67. Three copper blocks of masses M , M and M kg
1 2 3
(a) 1200 K (b) 750 K (c) 600 K (d) 800 K
respectively are brought into thermal contact till they reach
equilibrium. Before contact, they were at T1, T2, T3
62. An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the
(T1 > T2 > T3). Assuming there is no heat loss to the
same initial state as sown in P-V diagram. Four processes are
adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric. surroundings, the equilibrium temperature T is (s is specific
heat of copper)
T 1+ T 2+ T 3
(a) T = 3
M1 T 1+ M 2 T 2+ M 3 T 3
Out of 1, 2, 3 and 4 which one is adiabatic ? T=
M 1+ M 2+ M 3
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
(b)
4
63. If an average person jogs, he produces 14.5 × 10 cal min . –1 M1 T 1+ M 2 T 2+ M 3 T 3
This is removed by the evaporation of sweat. The amount of
T=
3( M 1 + M 2 + M 3 )
sweat evaporated per minute (assuming 1 kg requires 580 ×
103 cal for evaporation) is (c)
(a) 0.25 kg (b) 2.25 kg (c) 0.05 kg (d) 0.20 kg M 1 T 1 s+M 2 T 2 s +M 3 T 3 s
T=
M 1 +M 2 + M 3
64. Consider P-V diagram for an ideal gas shown in figure.
(d)

68. When the state of a gas adiabatically changed from an

equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B, an amount
of work done on the system is 35 J. If the gas is taken from
Out of the following diagrams, which represents the T-P state A to B via process in which the net heat absorbed by the
diagram? system is 12 cal, then the net work done by the system is (1
cal = 4.19 J)
(a) 13.2 J (b) 15.4 J (c) 12.6 J (d) 16.8 J

(i) (ii) 69. The specific heat of air at constant volume is 0.172 Cal g –1
°C–1. The change in internal energy when 5 g of air is heated
from 0° C of 4°C at constant volume is
(a) 28.8 J (b) 14.4 J (c) 7.2 J (d) 3.51 J

(iii) (iv) 70. 1 kg of water is heated from 40°C to 70°C, if its volume
(a) (iv) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (i)
remains constant, then the change in internal energy is
(specific heat of water = 4148 J kg–1 K–1)
65. An ideal gas undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in (a) 2.44 × 105 J (b) 1.62 × 105 J
given P-V diagram. The amount of work done by the gas is 5
(c) 1.24 × 10 J (d) 2.62 × 105 J

71. In changing the state of a gas adiabatically from an

equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B an amount
of work equal to 22.3 J is done on the system. If the gas is
taken from state A to B via a process in which the net heat
abosorbed by the system is 9.35 cal then the net work done by
the system in latter case is
(a) 6 P0V0 (b) –2P0V0 (c) +2 P0V0 (d) +4P0V0 (Take 1 cal = 4.2 J)
(a) 15 J (b) 16 J (c) 17 J (d) 18 J
66. Consider two containers A and B containing identical gases at
the same pressure, volume and temperature. The gas in 72. A system goes from A to B by two different paths in the P-V
container A is compressed to half of its original volume diagram as shown in figure.
isothermally while the gas in container B is compressed to Heat given to the system in path 1 is 1100 J, the work done by
half of its original value adiabatically. The ratio of final the system along path 1 is more than path 2 by 150 J. The heat
pressure of gas in B to that of gas in A is exchanged by the system in path 2 is.

( ) ( )
2 2

()
γ −1
1 1 1
(a) 2
γ –1
(b) 2 (c) 1−γ (d) γ−1
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

81. The P-V diagram of path followed by one mole of perfect gas
in a cylindrical container is shown in figure, the work done
when the gas is taken from state A to state B is
(a) 800 J (b) 750 J (c) 1050 J (d) 950 J

73. A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 4 litre per minute
from 30°C to 80°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner
then the amount of heat used per minute is
(a) 9.24 × 105 J (b) 6.24 × 107 J
(c) 9.24 × 107 J (d) 6.24 × 105 J

74. The amount of heat supplied to 4 × 10 –2 kg of nitrogen at

room temperature to rise its temperature by 50° C at constant
pressure is (Molecular mass of nitrogen is 28 and R = 8.3 J
2
V1
[ 1−
√V 2
√V 1 ] (b) 2P1V1
[ 1−
√V 1
√V 2 ]
mol–1 K–1) (a) 2P

[ √V 1 −1
] [ √V 1
]
(a) 2.08 Kj (b) 3.08 kJ (c) 4.08 kJ (d) 65.37 J
1−
75. What amount of heat must be supplied to 35 g of oxygen at V2
√V 2 (d) 2P2V2
√V 2
1
room temperature to raise its temperature by 80°C at constant
volume (molecular mass of oxygen is 32 and (c) 2P
R = 8.3 J mol–1 k–1)
(a) 1.52 kJ (b) 3.23 kJ (c) 1.81 kJ (d) 1.62 Kj
82. The cycle in the figure followed by an engine made of an
76. A heat insulating cylinder with a movable piston contains 5 ideal gas in a cylinder with a piston, the heat exchanged by
moles of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure if the the engine with the surroundings for adiabatic section AB of
gas is compressed to quarter of its original volume them the
pressure of the gas is increased by (γ = 1.4)
(a) (2)1.4
(b) (3)1.4 (c) (4)1.4 (d) (5)1.4 the cycle is.
(C = 32 R )
V

77. One of an ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCDA as

shown in the P-V diagram, the net work done in the process is
work done in the process is (1 atm = 106 dyne cm–2)

3 5
( P B−P A ) V A
(a) 2 (b) 2P
A
(VA – VB)
1
(a) 500 J (b) 700 J (c) 800 J (d) 900 J 2 (P
(c) A
– PB)(VA – VB) (d) Zero
78. A person of mass 70 kg wants to lose 5 kg by going up and
down a 10 m high stairs. He burns twice as much fat while 83. 1 mole of an ideal gas in a cylindrical container have the P-V
going up than coming down. If 1 kg is burnt on expending diagram as shown in figure. If V 2 = 4V1, then the ratio of
7000 kilocalories, the number of times he must go up and T1
down to reduce his weight by 4 kg is
(a) 1000 (b) 5600 (c) 22400 (d) 11200 T
temperatures 2 will be

1 th
79. A monoatomic gas is compressed adiabatically to 4 of its
original volume, the final pressure of gas in terms of initial
pressure P is
(a) 7.08 P (b) 8.08 P (c) 9.08 P (d) 10.08 P
1 1 3 3
80. If at 60°C and 80 cm of mercury pressure, a definite mass of a
gas is compressed slowly, then the final pressure of the gas if (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 4
the final volume is half of the initial volume (γ = 3/2) is
(a) 120 cm of Hg (b) 140 cm of Hg
(c) 160 cm of Hg (d) 180 cm of Hg
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

84. The initial state of certain gas is (P iViTi). It undergoes

expansion till its volume becomes V f at constant temperature
T. The correct plot of P-V diagram for it is

( )
V1
V2
(a) 0, RT1ln , R(T1 – T2)
(a) (b)

( )
V1
V2
1
– T2)R, RT1ln
(b) R, (T

( )
V2
(c) (d) V1
(c) 0, RT2ln , (V1 – V2)

( )
85. Consider a cycle followed by an engine as shown in figure 1 V1
to 2 is isothermal 2 to 3 is adiabatic 3 to 1 is adiabatic Such a
process does not exist because V2
(d) 0, RT2ln , R(T1 – T2)

88. The heat absorbed by the system in going through the cyclic
process as sown in figure is

(a) Heat is completely converted to mechanical energy in such

a process, which is not possible.
(b) Mechanical energy is completely converted to heat in this
process, which is not possible.
(c) Curves representing two adiabatic processes can intersect.
(d) Curves representing an adiabatic process and an
isothermal process don’t intersect.
(a) 30.4 J (b) 31.4 J (c) 32.4 J (d) 33.4 J

86. The cycle is shown in figure is followed by an engine made of

one mole of perfect gas in a cylinder with a piston. The 89. A cycle followed by an engine (made of one mole of an ideal
processes A to B and C to D are isochoric whereas process B gas in a cylinder with a piston) is shown in figure.
to C and D to A are adiabatic, the work done by the engine in The heat exchanged by the engine with the surroundings at
one cycle is 3
constant volume is (Take CV = 2 R)

1
(VA = VB = V, VC = VD = 2V and g = 5/3) (a) (PB – PA)VA (b) 2 (P – PA)VA
B
3 3 5
3/2
(a) [1 – 4 ](PB – PA)V (b) 2 2/3
[1 – 3 ](PB – PA)V (c) 2 (P – PA)VA (d) 2 (P – PA)VA
B B
3 5
(c) 2 [1 – 2–2/3](PB – PA)V (d) 2 [1 – 2–2/3](P 90. 1 mole of gas expands isothermally at 37°C. The amount of
– PA)V
B heat is absorbed by it until its volume doubled is (R = 8.31 J
mol–1 K–1)
87. A cyclic process for 1 mole of an ideal gas is shown in the V- (a) 411.25 cal (b) 418.50 cal
T diagram. The work done in AB, BC and CA respectively (c) 420.25 cal (d) 425.40 cal
are
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

91. Two different adiabatic parts for the same gas intersect two T2
isothermals at T1 and T2 as shown in P-V diagram. Then the
, 2T2 (b) 2T1, 2
Va 1
(a) 2T
ratio of
V b will be 1
+ 5, T2 – 5 (d) T1 + 10, T2 – 10
(c) T

99. The pressure of an ideal gas is written as P = . Here E

refers to

Vc Vd Vd (a) translatioal kinetic energy

1Vd
(b) rotational kinetic energy
(a)
Vd (b)
Vc (c) γ
Vc (d)
γ Vc
(c) vibrational kinetic energy
(d) total kinetic energy.
92. If an ideal gas at 27°C is compressed suddenly to one fourth
of its initial volume, then rise in its temperature is (γ = 7/5)
(a) 222.33 K (b) 233.33 K
(c) 244.33 K (d) 255.33 K 100.Which of the following quantities is the same for all ideal
gases at the same temperature ?
93. If a steam engine delivers 6.0 × 108 J of work per minute and
(a) the kinetic energy of 1 mole
absorbs 5.4 × 109 J of heat per minute from its boiler then
efficiency of the engine is (b) the kinetic energy of 1 g
(a) 11% (b) 12% (c) 13% (d)14% (c) the number of molecules in 1 mole
(d) the number of molecules in 1 g
94. In a heat engine, the temperature of the source of sink are 500
K and 375 K. If the engine consumes 25 × 10 5 J per cycle, the
work done per cycle is
(a) 6.25 × 105 J (b) 3 × 105 J 101.The internal energy of a mono-atomic gas is -
5 4
(c) 2.19 × 10 J (d) 4 × 10 J

95. Which of the following processes described below is (a) (b)

irreversible?
(a) The increase in temperature of an iron rod by hammering
it. (c) (d)
(b) A gas in a small container at a temperature T 1 is brought
in contact with a big reservoir at a higher temperature T 2
which increases the temperature of the gas. 102.The change in internal energy, when a gas is cooled from
(c) An ideal gas is enclosed in a piston cylinder arrangement 927ºC to 27ºC is
with adiabatic walls.
(d) All of above (a) 100% (b) 200%
(c) 75% (d) 400%
96. A carnot engine takes 900 kcal of heat from a reservoir at
723°C and exhausts it to a sink at 30°C. The work done by the
engine is
(a) 2.73 × 106 Cal (b) 3.73 × 106 Cal 103.A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles of
5
(c) 6.27 × 10 Cal (d) 3.73 × 105 Cal argon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes the
total internal energy of the system is:
97. A carnot engine absorbs 750 K of heat energy from a (a) 4RT (b) 15RT
reservoir at 137°C and rejects 500 J of heat during each cycle, (c) 9RT (d) 11RT
then the temperature of sink is
(a) 0.25°C (b) 0.34°C (c) 0.44°C (d) 0.54°C
104.An ideal gas is filled in a closed rigid and thermally insulated
98. The efficiency of Carnot’s heat engine is 0.5 when the container. A coil of 100 resistor carrying current 1A for 5
temperature of the source is T 1 and that of sink is T2. The minutes supplies heat to the gas. The change in internal
efficiency of another Carnot’s heat engine is also 0.5. The energy of the gas is
temperature of source and sink of the second engine are (a) 10 KJ (b) 20 KJ
respectively
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

(c) 30 KJ (d) 0 KJ (b) relation between U1 and U2 cannot be

determined
105.300 calories of heat is supplied to raise the temperature of 50 (c) U2 > U1
gm of air from 20°C to 30°C without any change in its (d) U2 < U1
volume. Change in internal energy per gram of air is

(a) zero (b) 0.6 calories

110.Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases are placed on
(c) 1.2 calories (d) 6.0 calories
a table. Box A contains one mole of nitrogen at temperature
To, while box B contains one mole of helium at temperature
(7/3)To. The boxes are then put into thermal contact with each
106.Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with
other, and heat flows between them until the gases reach a
uniform speed. The temperature of the gas molecules inside
common final temperature. (Ignore the heat capacity of
will :
boxes). Then, the final temperature of the gases, T f in terms of
(a) increase T0 is :
(b) decrease
(c) remain same (a) (b)
(d) decrease for some, while increase for others
(c) (d)
107.According to law of equal distribution of energy the mean
energy of a molecule per degree of freedom is : 111. An insulated container of gas has two chambers separated
by an insulating partition. One of the chambers has volume V 1
and contains ideal gas at pressure p 1 and temperature T1. The
(a) KT (b) KT other chamber has volume V2 and contains ideal gas at
pressure p2 and temperature T2. If the partition is removed
(c) KT (d) KT without doing any work on the gas, the final equilibrium
temperature of the gas in the container will be -

108.Which of the following statements is correct for any

thermodynamic system?
(a) The internal energy changes in all processes (a) (b)
(b) Internal energy and entropy are state functions
(c) The change in entropy can never be zero (c) (d)
(d) The work done in an adiabatic process is always
zero
112. In the following figures (a) to (d), variation of volume by
change of pressure is shown. A gas is taken along the path
109.A system goes from A to B via two processes  and  as ABCDA. The change in internal energy of the gas will be:
shown in figure. If U1 and U2 are the changes in internal
energies in the processes  and  respectively, then :

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(a) positive in all cases from (a) to (d)
(b) positive in cases (a), (b) and (c) but zero in case
(a) U1 = U2
(d)
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

(c) negative in cases (a), (b) and (c) but zero in case (b) there is no change in the internal energy of the
(d) gas
(d) zero in all the four cases. (c) the work done by the gas is equal to the heat
supplied to the gas
(d) the work done by the gas is equal to the change
113.An ideal gas changes from state a to state b as shown in Fig. in its internal energy
What is the work done by the gas in the process ?

117.In the cyclic process shown on the P – V diagram the

magnitude of the work done is :

P2

P1

V
O V2
(a) zero (b) positive V1

(c) negative (d) infinite

(a) (b)

114.The process U = 0, for an ideal gas can be best represented

in the form of a graph : (c) (P2 – P1) (V2 – V1) (d) (P2V2 – P1V1)

A
P

118.A fixed mass of ideal gas undergoes changes of pressure and

volume starting at L, as shown in Figure.
B
(a) (b) V

(c) (d)

115.In the following V-T diagram what is the relation between P 1 Which of the following is correct :
and P2 :
Tem perature/K

M
N

(a) (b) volum e

(a) P2 = P1

(b) P2 > P1
(c) P2 < P1
(c) (d)
(d) cannot be predicted
119. A fixed mass of gas undergoes the cycle of changes
116.In the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. Select wrong represented by PQRSP as shown in Figure. In some of the
statement: changes, work is done on the gas and in others, work is done
by the gas. In which pair of the changes work is done on the
(a) there is no change in the temperature of the gas
gas?
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

123.The work done in the following figure is -

5 A B
10
P
2
N/m
(a) PQ and RS (b) PQ and QR 3 3
1m 3 2m
(c) OR and RS (d) RS and SP. Vm
(a) 2 × 105 joule (b) 105 joule
(c) zero (d) 3 × 105 joule
120. Consider two processes on a system as shown in fig. The
volumes in the initial states are the same in the two porcesses
and the volumes in the final states are also the same. Let W1 124.The net amount of the work done in the following indicator
and W be the work done by the system in the processes A diagram is -
2
and B respectively.
P 1 2

V
(a) zero (b) positive
(c) negative (d) infinite
(a) W1 > W2
(b) W1 = W2
(c) W1 < W2 125.An ideal gas is taken via paths AB, BC and CA as shown in
(d) Nothing can be said about the relation between fig. The net work done in the whole cycle is-
W1 and W2 P
C
4P1
121.A mass of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal
compression. Its molecules will then have compared with
initial state, the same
P1 A
B
(i) root mean square velocity v1 v
3 v1
(ii) mean mometum (a) 3P1V1 (b) –3P1V1
(iii) mean kinetic energy
6P1V1 (d) 12P1V1
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (b) (i), (ii) correct (c)
(c) (ii), (iii) correct (d) (i) correct
126.In the indicator diagram shown, the work done along path AB
is -
122.Find work done by the gas in the process shown in figure :
P
40 C

30
2
(N /m ) 20
A B
10

O V
1.0 2.0 3.0
(m 3 )
(a)  atm L (b) atm L
(a) zero (b) 20 joule
(c) –20 joule (d) 60 joule
(c) –  atm L (d) –  atm L
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

127.An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A  B  C  A as

shown in the fig. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the
cycle is 5 J,the work done by the gas in the process C  A is :

(a) In process AB, work done by system is positive

(b) In process AB, heat is rejected out of the system.
(c) In process AB, internal energy increases
(d) In process AB internal energy decreases and in
process BC internal energy increases.
(a) – 5 J (b) – 10 J
(c) – 15 J (d) – 20 J
132.If heat is supplied to an ideal gas in an isothermal process,
128.The work done by a gas taken through the closed process
ABCA, see figure is
(a) the internal energy of the gas will increase
(b) the gas will do positive work
(c) the gas will do negative work
(d) the said process is not possible

133.A system can be taken from the initial state p 1, V1 to the final
(a) 6P0V0 (b) 4P0V0 state p2, V2 by two different methods. Let Q and W
(c) P0V0 (d) zero represent the heat given to the system and the work done by
the system. Which of the following must be the same in both
the methods ?
(a) Q (b) W
129.A system is given 400 calories of heat and 1000 joule of work (c) Q + W (d) Q - W
is done by the system, then the change in internal energy of
the system will be -
134.In changing the state of a system from state A to state B
(a) 680 joule (b) 680 erg adiabatically the work done on the system is 322 joule. If 100
(c) 860 joule (d) – 860 joule calories of heat are given to the system in bringing it from
state B to state A, then the work done on the system in this
process will be –
130.If AB and CD are isothermals and AD and BC are adiabatics (a) 98 joule (b) 38.2 joule
(c) 15.9 calorie (d) 15.9 joule
(see fig.) then the temperatures of

A B
135. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle
P
between 227ºC and 127ºC. It absorbs 6 kcal at the higher
D C temperature. The amount of heat (in kcal) converted into
V work is equal to :
(a) B and C are same (a) 1.6 (b) 1.2
(c) 4.8 (d) 3.5
(b) A and C are same
(c) B and D are same
(d) Temperature of A is more than that of D 136.In a closed container of 44.8 litre, volume monoatomic gas at
NTP is filled up. Heat required to raise temperature by 10°C
will be :
131.Ideal gas is taken through process shown in figure: (a) R (b) 10R
(c) 20R (d) 30R
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

137.If Q, E and W denote respectively the heat added, change in (d) The relation between p A and pB cannot be
internal energy and the work done in a closed cycle process,
deduced.
then
(a) W = 0 (b) Q = W = 0
(c) E = 0 (d) Q = 0
142.Let Ta and Tb be the final temperature of the samples A and B
respectively in the previous question then:
138.Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first law of
thermodynamics? (a) Ta < Tb
(a) It is not applicable to any cycle process
(b) Ta = Tb
(b) It is a restatement of the principle of
conservation of energy (c) Ta > Tb
(c) It introduces the concept of the internal energy (d) The relation between Ta and Tb cannot be
(d) It introduces the concept of the entropy deduced.

139. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the path iaf, it is 143.Let W and W be the work done by the systems A and B
a b
found that Q = 50 cal and W = 20 cal. Along the path ibf Q = 36 cal.
respectively in the previous question
W along the path ibf is :
then :

(a) Wa > Wb

(b) Wa = Wb
(c) Wa < Wb
(d) The relation between Wa and Wb cannot be
deduced

(a) 6 cal (b) 16 cal

(c) 66 cal (d) 14 cal 144.Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in the Fig. for a given
amount of gas. The curves which represent adiabatic and
isothermal changes are
140.A gas is contained in a metallic cylinder fitted with a piston.
The piston is suddenly moved in to compress the gas and is
maintained at this position. As time passes, after this pressure
of the gas in the cylinder

(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains constant
(d) increases or decreases depending on the nature
(a) C and D respectively
of the gas.
(b) D and C respectively
(c) A and B respectively
(d) B and A respectively
141.Two sample A and B are initially kept in the same state. The
sample A is expanded through an adiabatic process and the
145.For a solid with a small expansion coefficient,
sample B through an isothermal process upto the same final
volume. The final pressures in A and B are p A and pB
respectively. (a) Cp - Cv = R
(a) pA > pB (b) Cp - Cv = R
(b) pA = pB (c) Cp is slightly greater than Cv
(c) pA < pB Cp is slightly less than Cv
(d)
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

146.When an ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic change causing a

temparture change T

(i) there is no heat gained or lost by the gas

(ii) the work done by the gas is equal to change in
internal energy
(iii) the change in internal energy per mole of the (a) 20 J (b) – 30 J
gase is Cv T, where Cv is the molar heat capacity at (c) 50 J (d) – 10 J
constnat volume.
151.An ideal gas is allowed to expand freely against a vacuum in
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (b) (i), (ii) correct
a rigid insulated container. The gas undergoes:
(c) (i), (iii) correct (d) (i) correct
(a) an increase in its internal energy
(b) a decrease in its internal energy
147.The adiabatic bulk modulus of hydrogen gas ( = 1.4) at NTP (c) neither an increase nor decrease in temperature
is : or internal energy
(d) an increase in temperature
(a) 1 × 105 N/m2 (b) 1 × 10–5 N/m2
(c) 1.4 N/m2 (d) 1.4 × 105 N/m2

152.For free expansion of a gas in an adiabatic container which of

the following is true ?
148.A given quantity of a gas is at pressure P and absolute
temperature T. The isothermal bulk modulus of the gas is: (a) Q = W = 0 and U = 0
(b) Q = 0, W > 0 and U = Q
(c) W = 0, Q > 0 and U = Q
(a) (b) P
(d) W = 0, Q < 0 and U = 0

(c) (d) 2P 153.In an adiabatic process on a gas with  = 1.4, the pressure is
increased by 0.5%. The volume decreases by about
(a) 0.36% (b) 0.5%
149.A and B are two adiabatic curves for two different gases. (c) 0.7& (d) 1%
Then A and B corresponds to :

154.A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes the chage represented

by XYZX below (Fig.)

Which one of the following sets could describe

these of changes ?
Y
(a) Ar and He respectively
Pressure

(b) He and H2 respectively

(c) O2 and H2 respectively
(d) H2 and He respectively
O X Z
O Volum e
150.In a cyclic process shown in the figure an ideal gas is
adiabatically taken from B and A, the work done on the gas
during the process B  A is 30 J, when the gas is taken from XY YZ
A  B the heat absorbed by the gas is 20 J. The change in ZX
internal energy of the gas in the process A  B is :
(a) isothermal adiabatic
comperssion at
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

expansion comperssion (a) C = Cp (b) C = Cv

constant pressure (c) C > Cv (d) C = 0
(b) adiabatic isothermal
pressure reduction
expansion comperssion 158.Find the amount of work done to increase the temperature of
constant volume one mole of ideal gas by 30ºC. if it is expanding under the
(c) isothermal adiabatic condition V  T2/3 (R = 8.31 J/mol - K) :
comperssion at (a) 16.62 J (b) 166.2 J
comperssion expansion (c) 1662 J (d) 1.662 J
constant pressure
(d) adiabatic isothermal 159.A gas undergoes a process in which its pressure P and volume
comperssion at V are related as VPn = constant. The bulk modulus of the gas
comperssion expansion in the process is :
constant pressure (a) nP (b) P1/n
(c)
P/n (d) Pn

155. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas

expands from volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The
work done by the gas is W 1 if the process is isothermal, W 2 if
isobaric and W3 if adiabatic, then : 160.V = k where k is constant. It is a,

(a) isothermal process (b) adiabatic process

(a) W2 > W1 > W3 (b) W2 > W3 > W1
(c) isochoric process (d) isobaric process
(c) W1 > W2 > W3 (d) W1 > W3 > W2

156. A gas is expanded from volume V0 to 2V0 under three

different processes. Process 1 is isobaric process, process 2 is 161.For adiabatic process of an ideal gas the value of is equal
isothermal and process 3 is adiabatic. Let U1,U2 and U3 to –
be the change in internal energy of the gas is these three
processes. Then : (a) (b)

(c) (d)

162.Isobaric modulus of elasticity is –

(a)  (b) zero

(c) 1 (d)
(a) U1 > U2 > U3 (b) U1 < U2 < U3 163.Two samples of a gas A and B initially at same temperature
(c) U2 < U1 < U3 (d) U2 < U3 < U1 and pressure, are compressed to half their initial volume, A
isothermally and B adiabatically. The final pressure in -
157.The molar heat capacity for the process shown in fig. is
(a) A and B will be same
(b) A will be more than in B
(c) A will be less than in B
(d) A will be double that in B
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

164.The isothermal bulk modulus of elasticity of a gas is 1.5 × 10 5 171.5.6 liter of helium gas at STP is adiabatically compressed to
N/m2. Its adiabatic bulk modulus of elasticity will be if  = 0.7 liter. Taking the initial temperature to be T 1, the work
1.4 – done in the process is :
(a) 5 2 5 2
1.5 × 10 N/m (b) 3 × 10 N/m
(c) 2.1 × 105 N/m2 (d) 
(a) (b)

165.The pressure and volume of a diatomic gas are P and V

respectively. It is compressed suddenly to 1/32 of its initial (c) (d)
volume then its final pressure will be –
(a) 32 P (b) 128 P
(c) P/128 (d) P/32 172.An ideal gas is expanding such that PT 2 = constant. The
coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is

166.The work done by a gas in an adiabatic process depends on -

(a) (b)
(a) change in temperature
(b) change in volume (c) (d)
(c) change in pressure
(d) change is heat
173. One mole of an ideal gas at an initial temperature of T K
does 6R joules of work adiabatically. If the ratio of specific
167.The volume of a gas is reduced to 1/4 of its initial volume heats of this gas at constant pressure and at constant volume is
adiabatically at 27ºC. The final temperature of gas will be, if 5/3, the final temperature of gas will be :
 = 1.4 -
(a) (T + 2.4) K (b) (T – 2.4) K
(a) 300 × (d)0.4 K (b) 100 × (d)0.4 K (c) (T + 4) K (d) (T – 4) K
(c) 27 × (d)0.4 K (d) 300 × (1/4)0.4 K

174.The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion.

3
168.1 m of a gas is compressed suddenly at atmospheric pressure The percentage decrease in its pressure will be –
and temperature 27ºC such that its temperature becomes (a) 5% (b) 6%
627ºC. The final pressure of gas will be ( = 1.5)- (c) 7% (d) 8%
6 2 5 2
(a) 27 × 10 N/m (b) 7.2 × 10 N/m
(c)
2.7 × 105 N/m2 (d) 27 × 105 N/m2 175.The change in internal energy of two moles of a gas during
adiabatic expansion is found to be –100 joule.The work done
during the process is –
169.If 1 kg air ( = 1.4) is heated adiabatically from 0ºC to 10ºC
then increase in its internal energy will be (a) 100 joule (b) –100 joule
(Cv = 0.172 cal/gmºC) – (c) zero (d) 200 joule
(a) 1720 joule (b) 7224 joule
(c) 172 calorie (d) 7224 calorie

176.Starting the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from

170.During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The work done by
be proportional to the cube of its absolute temperature. The the gas is W1 if the process is purely isothermal, W 2 if purely
value of for the gas is - isobaric and W if purely adiabatic. Then:
3
(a) W2 > W1 > W3 (b) W2 > W3 > W1

(a) (b) (c) W1 > W2 > W3 (d) W1 > W3 > W2

(c) (d) 177.An ideal gas initially at a state (P1, V1) is allowed to expand
isothermally to a state (P2, V2). Then the gas is compressed
adiabatically to its initial volume V1. Let the final pressure be
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

P3 and the work done by the gas during the whole process be (a) second law of thermodynamics
W, then (b) conservation of momentum
(c) conservation of mass
(d) first law of thermodynamics
(a) P3 > P1 and W < 0
(b) P3 > P1 and W > 0
(c) P3 < P1 and W > 0 184.A Carnot engine takes 3 × 10 6 cal of heat from a reservoir at
627ºC and gives it to a sink at 27ºC. The work done by the
(d) P3 < P1 and W < 0 engine is :
(a) 4.2 × 106 J (b) 8.4 × 106 J
6
(c) 16.8 × 10 J (d) zero
178.A Carnot engine works between 600 K and 300 K. In each
cycle of operations, the engine draws 1000joule of energy
185.In a Carnot engine, low temperature of reservoir (sink) is 7°C.
from the source at 600 K. The efficiency of the engine is –
Its efficiency is 50%. To increase efficiency to 70% by how
(a) 20% (b) 50%
(c) 70% (d) 90% much temperature of source is to be raised, keeping the
temperature of sink constant.

179.A Carnot engine works between ice point and steam point. Its (a) 840 K (b) 280 K
efficiency will be - (c) 560 K (d) 373 K

(a) 26.81 % (b) 53.36 %

(c) 71.23 % (d) 85.42 % 186.Which statement is incorrect ?

(a) All reversible cycles have same efficiency

(b) Reversible cycle has more efficiency than an
180.A Cannot engine works between 200ºC and 0ºC. Another
irreversible one
Carnot engine works between 0ºC and –200ºC. In both cases
(c) Carnot cycle is a reversible one
the working substance absorbs 4 kilocalories of heat from the
source. The efficiency of first engine will be – (d) Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all
cycles
(a) (b)

(c) (d) 187. An ideal gas heat engine operates in Cannot cycle
between 227ºC and 127ºC. It absorbs 6 × 10 4 cal of heat at
higher temperature. Amount of heat converted to work is :
181.The efficiency of Carnot engine is 50% and temperature of (a) 2.4 × 104 cal (b) 6 × 104 cal
4
sink is 500 K. If the temperature of source is kept constant (c) 1.2 × 10 cal (d) 4.8 × 104 cal
and its efficiency is to be raised to 60%; then the required
temperature of the sink will be :
188.A Carnot engine whose sink is at 300 K has an efficiency of
(a) 600 K (b) 500 K 40% By how much should the temperature of source be
(c) increased so as to increase its efficiency by 50% of original
400 K (d) 100 K
efficiency :
(a) 275 K (b) 325 K
(c) 250 K (d) 380 K
182.Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because we
cannot :
(a) prevent radiation
(b) find ideal sources
(c) reach absolute zero temperature
(d) eliminate friction 189.An engine has an efficiency of . When the temperature of
sink is reduced by 62ºC, its efficiency is doubled.
Temperature of the source is :
183."Heat cannot be itself flow from a body at lower temperature (a) 124ºC (b) 37ºC
to a body at higher temperature” is a statement or (c) 62ºC (d) 99ºC
consequence of :
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

190.The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine cycle 195.If the door of a refrigerator is kept open then which of the
is given in the figure. Its efficiency is : following is ture

(a) Room is cooled

T (b) Room is heated
(c) Room is either cooled or heated
2T0 (d) Room is neither cooled nor heated

T0 196.An Ideal gas heat engine operated in a carnot's cycle

between 227° C and 127° C . It absorbs 6 × 10 4 J at high
temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is
S
S0 2S0
(a) 4.8 × 104 J (b) 3.5 × 104 J
(c) 1.6 × 104 J (d) 1.2 × 104 J
(a) (b)

(c) (d) 197.An ideal gas heat engine ,exhausting heat at 77° C has a 30%
efficiency. It must take heat at
191.A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of  = 1/10 as heat (a) 127° C (b) 227 ° C
engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the (c) 327° C (d) 673°C
system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the
reservoir at lower temperature is
(a) 99 J (b) 90 J 198.Efficiency of carnot engine is 100% if
(c) 1 J (d) 100 J (a) T2 = 273 K (b) T2 = 0 K
(c) T1 = 273 K (d) T1 = 0 K

192.The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one 199.The effciency of Carnot's engine operating between
kilo mole of a gas adiabatically and in this process the reservoirs, maintained at temperatures 27° C and
o
temperature of the gas increases by 7 C. The gas is –123° C, is

(R = 8.3 J mol-1 K-1) (a) 50% (b) 24%

(a) diatomic (c) 0.75% (d) 0.4%
(b) triatomic
(c) mixture of monoatomic and diatomic
(d) monoatomic 200.A Carnot engine operates between 227° C and 27°C.
Efficiency of the engine will be

193.A Carnot working between 300K and 600K has work output (a) (b)
of 800 J per cycle. What is amount of heat energy supplied to
the engine form source per cycle (c) (d)

(a) 1800 J/cycle (b) 1000 J/cycle

(c) 2000 J/cycle (d) 1600 J/cycle 201.A carnot engine has the same efficiency between 800 K to
500 K and x K ot 600 K. The value of x is
(a) 1000 K (b) 960 K
194.The coefficient of performance of a carnot refrigertor (c) 846K (d) 754 K
working between 30° C and 0° C is

(a) 10 (b) 1 202.A scientist says that the efficiency of his heat engine which
operates at source temperature 127°C and sink temperature
(c) 9 (d) 0
27° C is 26% then

(a) It is impossible
(b) It is possible but less probable
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

(c) It is quite probable

(d) Data are incomplete ]
(c) (d)

203.Efficiency of a carnot engine is 50% when temperature of

outlet is 500 K. In order to increase up to 60% keeping
temperature of intake the same what is temperature of outlet
(a) 200K (b) 400 K
(c) 600K (d) 800 K

204.If an ideal flask containing hot coffee is shaken, the 208. Some ideal monoatomic gas A in an enclosure
temperature of the coffee will : has a pressure P and the temperature T. Another
ideal monoatomic gas B enclosed in a container
(a) decrease of the same volume has a pressure 2P and the
(b) increase
(c) remain same temperature . The ratio of the average kinetic
energy per molecule of gas A to gas B is
(d) decrease if temperature is below 4ºC and
(a)4 :1 (b)2 : 1
increase if temperature is equal to or more than 4ºC (c)1 :2 (d) 1 : 4

209. The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas is

205.An electric fan is switched on in a closed room. The air in the increased from T to 4T through a process for
room is which pressure P = aT-l, where a is a constant.
The work done by the gas is
(a) cooled (a)nRT (b)4nRT
(c)2nRT (d)6nRT
(b) heated
(c) maintains its temperature
210. An ideal gas expands isothermally from volume
(d) heated or cooled depending on the atmospheric V1to V1and then it is adiabatically compressed
pressure back to its original volume Vi. The initial and final
pressures of the gas are PL and PSrespectively
and the net work done by the gas is W, then
(a) P3>P1, W >0 (b) P3<P1, W <0
206.A heat engine employing a Carnot cycle with an efficiency of (c) P3>P1, W <0 (d) P3 = P1, W = 0
 = 10% is used as a refrigerating machine, the thermal
211. A monoatomic gas of molar mass MOis filled
reservoirs being the same. The refrigerating efficiency is
into an insulated container which is moving along
(a) 12 (b) 8 a horizontal surface with velocity a v. If the
container is stopped suddenly, then the change
(c) (d) 9 in temperature of the gas is

(a) (B )
207. If AB is an isothermal, BC is an isochoric and
AC is an adiabatic, which of the graphs correctly
represents given in figure? ( C) (D )

212. Three rods made from the same material and

(a) (b) having the same cross-sectional area, form the
sides of an isosceles triangle ABC, right-angled at
B. The points A and B are maintained at
temperature T and , respectively. In steady-
state, the temperature of the point C is TC.
Assuming that only heat conduction takes place

along the lengths of the rods, the value of is

13.Thermodynamics-Medium

. The work done by the material at

constant pressure, when the temperature
(a) (b) changes from T0to 2T0, is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(c) (d)
213. An inverted bell, lying at the bottom of lake 47.
6 m deep, has 50 cm3 of air trapped in it. The bell 218. An ideal monatomic gas is confined in a
is brought to the surface of the lake, then the cylinder by a spring-loaded massless piston of
volume of the trapped air will become cross-section 8 x 10-3 m2. The piston can slide on
[atmospheric pressure = 70 cm of Hg and the walls of the cylinder without any friction.
density of Hg = 13. 6 g cm-3] Initially, the gas is at 300 K and occupies a
(a) 600 cm3 (b) 300 cm3 volume of 2 .4 x 10-3m3 and the spring is in its
(c)250 cm 3
(d)200 cm 3 relaxed position. Now, gas is slowly heated by a
small electric heater and the piston moves out
slowly by 0.1 m. Calculate the final temperature
214. In an adiabatic expansion, the volume of air is
of the gas and the heat supplied by the heater.
increased by 5%, then the approximate
The force constant of the spring is 8000 N/rn and
percentage decrease in its pressure will be
atmospheric pressure is 1 x 105N/m2.
(a) 5% (b) 6%
(c) 7% (d) 8%

215. An ideal gas undergoes the cyclic process

abcaas shown in the figure. The internal energy
change of the gas along the path ca is -180 J. The
gas absorb 250 J of heat along the path ab and (a)T2 = 600 K, Q = 680 J(b) T2= 800 K, Q =
also absorbs 60 J of heat along the path be. Find 600 J
the work done by the gas along the path abc (c) T2- 600 K, Q = 720 J(d) T2- 800 K, Q =
720 J

219. Temperature and volume curves are drawn for

two thermodynamic processes. For the first
process, it is a straight line and for the second, it
is a rectangular hyperbola. The ratio of work
done in the first process to the work done in the
second process is

(a)130 J (b) 140 J

(c) 120 J (d)100 J

216. A fixed mass of oxygen gas performs a cyclic

process ABC A as shown in the figure. Efficiency
of the cycle will be
(a)2:1 (b)3:l
(c)4:l (d)3:2

220. P - V diagram of a diatomic gas is a straight

line parallel to P-axis. The molar heat capacity of
the gas in the process will be
(a) 4R (b)2.5R

(c)3R (d)
(a) (b)
221. n moles of an ideal gas undergoesa process A
(c) (d) B as shown in the diagram. The maximum
temperature of the gas during the process is
217. The pressure P, volume V and temperature T of
a certain material are related by the equation
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 J, the work

done by the gas in the process C A is

(a) (b)

(a)-5J (b)-10J
(c) (d)
(c)-15J (d)-20J
222. One mole of oxygen gas is made to undergo a
227. One mole of a diatomic gas undergoes a
process in which its molar heat capacity C
depends on its absolute temperature T as C =
T, where is a positive constant. Work done by
the gas when heated from an initial temperature process , where P0and V0are
T0to a final temperature 2T0will be constants. The translational kinetic energy of the
gas when V = V0is given by

(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(c) (d) none of these
(c) (d)

228. A work of 146 kJ is performed on the gas, in

223. A Carnot engine efficiency is equal to . If the order to compress one kilomole of gas
temperature of the sink is reduced by 65 K, the adiabatically and in this process the temperature
of the gas increases by 7 °C. The gas is (R = 8. 3
J mol-1K-1 )
efficiency becomes . The temperature of the
source and the sink in the first case are (a)monoatomic (b) diatomic (c
respectively triatomic
(a) 620 K, 520 K (b) 520 K, 606. 67 K (d) a mixture of monoatomicand diatomic
(c)606. 67 K, 520 K (d) 520 K, 610 K
229. Steam at 100 °C is passed into 1.1 kg of water
contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.
224. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of = 02 kg at 15 °C till the temperature of the
1/10 as a heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If calorimeter and its contents rise to 80°C. The
the work done on the system is 10 J, the amount mass of the steam condensed in kg is
of energy absorbed from the reservoir at a lower (a)0.130 (b)0.065
temperature is (c)0.260 (d) 0.200
(a) 99 J (b) 90 J
(c) 1 J (d)100 J
230. In the given figure the area of the frictionless
piston is 1 m2 and it is being held in equilibrium
225. P - V plots for two gases during adiabatic by an external force. Now the external force is
processes are shown in the figure. Plots 1 and 2 slowly removedand heat is supplied to the gas
should correspond respectively to

due to which the piston displaces by where L =

1m. The natural length of the ideal springs is L =
1 m. Spring constant is given as K = 100 N m-1.
The pressure of the gas in the final situation is

(a)HeandO2 (b) O2and He

(c)HeandAr (d) O2 and N2
(a) 50 N m-2 (b) 100 N m-2
226. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A B
(c) 200 N m-2 (d) 400 N m-2
C A, as shown in the figure. If the net heat
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

231. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas

undergoes a cyclic process as shown in the
(a) (b)
figure. If the temperature of the gas at state 1 is
300 K and at state 4 is 500 K, then heat
exchanged during process 2 3, is (c) (d)

236. An ideal Carnot's engine works between 227 °C

and 57 °C. The efficiency of the engine will be
(a) 22% (b) 34%
(c) 55% (d) 13.5%

237. An ideal diatomic gas occupies a volume V1at a

pressure P1. The gas undergoes a process in
which the pressure is proportional to the volume.
(a) 1000R (b) 600R If at the end of the process the R.M.S. speed of
(c) 750R (d)800R the gas molecules has doubled its initial value,
then the heat supplied to the gas, in the given
232. A monatomic ideal gas sample is given heat Q. process, is
One half of this heat is used as work done by the (a)7P1V1 (b)8P1V1
gas and rest is used for increasing its internal (c)9P1V1 (d)10P1V1
energy. The equation of process in terms of
volume and temperature is
238. The temperature of 5 moles of a gas at
constant volume is changed from 100 °C to 120
(a) = constant (b) = constant °C. The change in internal energy is 80 J. The
total heat capacity of the gas at constant volume
(c)VT3 = constant (d) = constant (in J K-1) is
(a) 8 (b)4
233. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas is taken (c) 0.8 (d) 0.4
through a process whose P - V diagram is shown
in the figure. The work done by the gas is 239. An ideal monoatomic gas undergoes an
expansion from state A to state B following a
process which is shown in the indicator diagram.
If initially during the expansion, the gas was
absorbing heat and later on it was rejecting heat,
then what was the volume of the gas when it
started rejecting the heat?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

234. The molar heat capacity of rock salt at low

temperatures varies with temperature according
(a) (b)
to Debye's law; where k = 1940 J mol-1K-
1
and = 281 K. The heat required to raise the
(c) (d)
temperature of 2 moles of rock salt from 10 K to
50 K is 240. A vertical closed cylinder is separated into two
(a) 800 J (b) 373 J parts by a frictionless piston of mass m and of
(c) 273 J (d) 400 J negligible thickness. The piston is free to move
along the length of the cylinder. The length of

235. An ideal gas ( = 1.5) undergoes a the cylinder above piston is , and that below
thermodynamic process in which the the piston is , such that > . Each part of the
temperature and pressure of the gas are related cylinder contains n moles of an ideal gas at equal
as T-1P2= constant. The molar heat capacity of temperature T. If the piston is stationary, its
the gas during the process is mass m will be given by: (R is universal gas
constant and g is the acceleration due to gravity)
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

(a)
(a) (b) (b)

(c)
(c) (d)
(d)
241. The molar heat capacity C of an ideal gas in a
246.Figure shows the P‐T graph of an ideal gas. If the density of

process is given by , where a is constant. If the the gas in state A is , its density in state B is

ratio is known for the gas,

then the work done by one mole of gas during
heating from TOto77 TO through the same
process will be

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(a) (b)
242. Diagram shows the variation of internal energy
(U) with the pressure (P) of 2. 0 mole gas in
cyclic process abcda. The temperature of gas at (c) (d)
c and d are 300 K and 500 K, respectively.
Calculate the heat absorbed by the gas during 247.Steam at 100 C is added slowly to 1400 g of water at 16oC
the process. until the temperature of water is raised to 80 C. The mass

of steam required to do this is :

(a) 160 g (b) 125 mg
(c) 250 g (d) 320 g

248.A Carnot engine works between and The

(a)440Rln 2 (b) 400 R ln 2 efficiency of the engine is
(c) 430 R ln 2 (d) 414 Rln 2 (a) 60% (b) 50%
(c) 40% (d) 30%
243. A Carnot engine is made to work between 200
° C and 0 ° C first and then between 0 ° C to -200
° C. The ratio of efficiencies of the engine in the 249.Which of the following best represents qualitatively, the
two cases is Carnot cycle on a P‐T diagram?
(a) l : 2 (b) l : 1
(c)1.73 : 1 (d)l : 1.73

244. Two gases occupy two containers A and B; the

gas in A, of volume 0.10 m3, exerts a pressure of
1. 40 MPa and that in B, of volume 0.15 m3,
exerts a pressure 0. 7 MPa. The two containers
are joined by a tube of negligible volume and the
gases are allowed to intermingle. Then if the
temperature remains constant, the final pressure
in the containers will be (in MPa)
(a) 0. 90 (b)0. 98
(c)1.40 (d)2.10

245.When 2 mol of oxygen is heated from O to 10 at 250.The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids A,
constant volume, its internal energy changes by 420 J. What
is the molar specific heat of oxygen at constant volume? B and C are 12 , 19oC and 28 , respectively. The
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

temperature when A and B are mixed is 16 and when B

and C are mixed is 23 . The temperature when A and C
are mixed, is

(a) 18.2 (b) 22

(c) 20.2 (d) 25.2

(a) (b)
251.A Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat
from a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K. It is
desired to have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the (c) (d)
intake temperature, for the same exhaust (sink) temperature
must be 257.During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is
(a) Efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made larger than 50% proportional to the cube of its absolute temperature. The
(b) 1200 K value of for that gas is
(c) 750 K
(d) 600 K
(a) (b)
252.Two spheres A and B having radius 2m and 3m,
respectively, are coated with carbon black on their outer
surface. The wavelength corresponding to maximum (c) (d)
intensity is 600 nm and 900 nm, respectively. The ratio of
power radiated by them is 258.Assertion: Radiation involves transfer of heat by
(a) 2 (b) 2.25 electromagnetic waves.
(c) 1 (d) 2/3 Reason: Electromagnetic waves do not require any
material medium for propagation.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are True & the Reason is a
253.The temperature of a piece of metal is raised from 27 to correct explanation of the Assertion.
51.2 . The rate at which the metal radiates energy (b) If both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is not a
increases nearly correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) 2 times (b) 4 times (c) If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
(c) 8 times (d) 1.36 times (d) If both Assertion and Reason are False.

259.An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between

254.Two liquids are at temperatures 20 and 40 . When
same mass of both of them is mixed, the temperature of the 227 and 127 . It absorbs at high
temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is
mixture is 32 . What is the ratio of their specific heats?
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/5 (a) (b)
(c) 3/2 (d) 2/3 (c) (d)

255.Which of the statement is correct with reference to kinetic

theory of gases? 260.A Canot engine is made to work between 200 and 0
(a) There is no loss of total kinetic energy of the molecules of first and then between 0 and ‐200 . The ratio of
the gas due to elastic collision. efficiencies of the engine in the two cases is
(b) There is no potential energy associated with any molecule of (a) 1.73: 1 (b) 1 : 1.73
the gas.
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
(c) The molecules are moving randomly and obey the Newton’s
laws of motion.
(d) All of the above 261.The temperature of sink of Carnot engine is 27 .
Efficiency of engine is 25%. Then temperature of source is
256.Two rods A and B of different materials are welded together
(a) 227 (b) 327
as shown in the figure. If their thermal conductivities are
(c) 127 (d) 27
and , the thermal conductivity of the composite rod will
be 262.A Carnot engine used first an ideal monoatomic gas then an
ideal diatomic gas. If the source and sink temperature are
13.Thermodynamics-Medium

411 and 69 , respectively and the engine extracts

1000 J of heat in each cycle, then area enclosed by the P‐V
diagram is
(a) 100 J (b) 300 J
(c) 500 J (d) 700 J

263.Efficiency of a Carnot engine is 50% when temperature of

outlet is 500 K. In order to increase
efficiency up to 60% keeping temperature of intake the
same what is temperature of outlet
(a) 200 K (b)400 K
(c) 600 K (d) 800 K

264.1 mol of an ideal gas at STP is heated in an insulated closed

container until the average speed of its molecules is
doubled. Its pressure would therefore increase by factor

(a) 1.5 (b)

(c) 2 (d) 4