2 A logo is designed as a bitmap image. (a) Describe what is meant by a bitmap image. (b) A black and white bitmap image is shown. (i) Explain how a computer can store this bitmap image. (ii) The image is compressed before it is attached to an email Explain how run-length encoding (RLE) will compress the image. (2) (2)(c)_ The finished logo is 500 pixels by 1000 pixels and uses 35 different colours. Estimate the file size for the logo. Give your answer in kilobytes. Show your working. Working .. Answer .. [4] (d) The logo is redesigned as a vector graphic. State two benefits of a vector graphic compared to a bitmap image. Give a reason for each benefit. Benefit 1 Reason 1 .... Benefit 2 Reason 2 [4](c)_ Xis a register. The current contents of X are: @ i) (iil) The current contents of register X represent an unsigned binary integer. Convert the value in X into denary. volt] The current contents of register X represent a Binary Coded Decimal. Convert the value in X into denary. The current contents of register X stores a two's complement binary integer. Convert the value in X into denary.3 (a) (b) ‘Acomputer has a microphone and captures a voice recording using sound recording software. Before making a recording, the user can select the sampling rate. Define the term sampling rate. Explain how the sampling rate will influence the accuracy of the digitised sound Sampling rate ... Explanation (2) The computer also has bitmap software. (i) Define the terms pixel and screen resolution Pixel Screen resolution ... 2) (ii) Apicture has been drawn and is saved as a monochrome bitmap image. State how many pixels are stored in one byte. 1) Asecond picture has width 2048 pixels and height 512 pixels. Itis saved as a 256-colour image. Calculate the file size i ilobytes. Show your working. (3)(iv) The actual bitmap file size will be larger than your calculated value. State another data item that the bitmap file stores in addition to the pixel data. [1] (a) Computer scientists often write binary representations in hexadecimal. (i) Write the hexadecimal representation for this instruction: ofofofofofififil]fifafofojofo [2] (ii) A second instruction has been written in hexadecimal as: 05 3F Write the equivalent assembiy language instruction, with the operand in denary.4 (a) The Accumulator is a register. The current contents of the Accumulator are: The current contents of the Accumulator represent an unsigned binary integer. (i) Convert the value in the Accumulator into denary. volt] (ii) Convert the value in the Accumulator into hexadecimal. (1 (iii) The current contents of the Accumulator represent a two's complement binary integer. Convert the value in the Accumulator into denary. (b) The binary integer represents a character from the computer's character set. (i) Define the term character set (ii) Explain the differences between the ASCII and Unicode character sets. (2) ii) The ASCII code for ‘A’ is 41 in hexadecimal. Calculate the ASCII code in hexadecimal for ‘Z’. Show your working, Working ASCII code in hexadecimal for ‘Z . (2)5 Astudent has recorded a sound track for a short film. (a) Explain how an analogue sound wave is sampled to convert it into digital format. (3] (b) Explain the effects of increasing the sampling resolution on the sound file. [2] (c) The original sound was sampled at 44.1 kHz. The sample rate is changed to 22.05 kHz. Explain the effects of this change on the sound file. [3]3 (a) Acomputer has a microphone and captures a voice recording using sound editing software. The user can select the sampling resolution before making a recording. Define the term sampling resolution. Explain how the sampling resolution will affect the accuracy of the digitised sound. Sampling resolution Explanation .. [3] (b) The computer also has bitmap software. @ 0) a) (iv) Define the term image resolution. 1] Apicture is drawn and is saved as a 16-colour bitmap image. State how many bits are used to encode the data for one pixel. veee[1] Asecond picture has width 8192 pixels and height 256 pixels. It is saved as a 256-colour bitmap. Calculate the file size in kilobytes. Show your working. [3] The actual bitmap file size will be larger than your calculated value as a bitmap file has a file header. State two items of data that are stored in the file header. Va (2)(c) Computer scientists often write binary representations in hexadecimal, (i) Write the hexadecimal representation for the following instruction. o}olofafo}lafofo}fofaloJsafafajafo LQ] (ii) Asecond instruction has been written in hexadecimal as 16 4D Write the assembly language for this instruction with the operand in denary. coe [2] (c) His a register. The current contents of H are: The current contents of register H represent an unsigned binary integer. (i) Convert the value in register H into denary. [1] (ii) Convert the value in register H into hexadecimal. [i] (iii) The current contents of register H represent a two's complement binary integer. Convert the value in register H into denary. [1] (iv) State why register H does not currently contain a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).4 Parity bits can be used to verify data. (a) The following binary number is transmitted using odd parity. ‘Add the missing parity bit Parity bit (1) (b) In the following parity block, the first column contains the parity bits, and the last row contains. the parity byte. A device transmits the data using even parity. Circle the error in the data being transmitted Peay Data o }o];z]:)o|;2z)]e0]2 a fifialililolfela a folizfolifolole 0 }o}o}z}ifofila oe} a fa lalalafalofa ay (c) Four error detection measures are shown Draw one line from each ertor detection measure to indicate whether it is verification or validation. Error detection measure Type check Proof reading Verification Check digit Validation Checksum [4]