UNIT III

INTER-DISCIPLINARY

Impact of Yoga way of life on emotional intelligence

What is emotional intelligence (EQ)?

Emotional intelligence (also known as emotional quotient or EQ) is the ability to understand,
use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate
effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict.

Emotional intelligence helps you build stronger relationships, succeed at school and
work, and achieve your career and personal goals. It can also help you to connect with your
feelings, turn intention into action, and make informed decisions about what matters most to
you.

Yoga is one of the six foundations of Indian philosophy and has been used for
millennia to study, explain, and experience the complexities of the mind and human existence
(Feuerstein, 1998). Patanjali, an ancient yoga sage, in his Yoga Sutras, defined yoga as a
technique used to still the mental fluctuations of the mind to reach the central reality of the
true self (Iyengar, 1966). Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras outline a skilful way of conducting life that
fosters moderation and harmony (Becker, 2000). These guidelines, which include ethical and
moral standards of living in addition to postural and breathing exercises, can be used to foster
spiritual growth and evolve one’s consciousness.

The yoga way of life encompasses the philosophy of Karma yoga (path of detached action),
Gyana yoga (knowledge of self), Bhakti yoga (trust in the supreme order), and Raja yoga (a
prescribed set of eight steps also known as Ashtanga yoga). Karma yoga is the path of
focusing on the action on hand without selfishness, ego and carelessness as prescribed by
Lord Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita (Swami Ranganathananda, 2000). Jnana yoga is the path
of knowledge of self (atman) propagated by Adi Shankaracharya through an interpretation of
the Upanishads, considered the most ancient books of Indian wisdom. Bhakti yoga is the path
of total surrender to the supreme power which is based on deep rooted faith in
God’s justice system. Raja yoga is the path of control of mind though the practice of
Ashtanga yoga or the eight fold path given by the sage Patanjali in his Yoga Sutras (Swami
Satyananda Saraswati, 1976). The eight steps of Ashtanga yoga are yama, niyama, asana,
pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi (see Swami Satyananda Saraswati,
1976).

Impacts

Thinking Before Reacting: It is essential to think before you react in certain situations.
Instant reactions may be sometimes rigorous and the words used may create a long-lasting
impact on others' emotions. Hence, it is very important to think before reacting in any
situation, and communicating softly and understandably will help to solve issues more easily
and wisely.
Greater Self-Awareness: Greater self-awareness is a symbol of EI. People with high EI
are always self-aware and more conscious. Even though they are social, they set boundaries
in certain things. Additionally, stress management is only the first step toward developing
Emotional Intelligence. According to the science of attachment, your current emotional
experience is most likely a reflection of your early life experiences. Your ability to manage
core emotions such as anger, sadness, fear, and joy is frequently influenced by the
consistency and quality of your early emotional experiences.

Empathy for Others: Maintaining good social skills is another impact of Emotional
Intelligence especially when others are mentally weak. Once you have emotional awareness,
you can effectively develop additional social/emotional skills that will improve the
effectiveness, fruitfulness, and fulfillment of your relationships. In human relationships,
conflict and disagreement are unavoidable. Two people can never have the same needs,
opinions, or expectations at the same time.

Ayurveda – a definition of health:

Health is that condition of the body, in which all its functions are efficiently performed without any
difficulty. It is the condition of comfort, ease, ability to eat, move and perform other functions of life.
It is the state which results from harmonious performances of the various functions of the bodily
organs. It is the condition of the body, where every organ or part of it is healthy, and performs without
pain or suffering, the tasks that it is supposed to perform.

A healthy person is defined as someone whose doshas must be in equilibrium, the digestive
fire is in a balanced state and the tissues and wastes working in a normal, balanced state. The
sensory and motor organs, sense organs, mind, and Soul must be also in a pleasant state. Such
a person is, who is balanced in all those areas, is called a healthy person or Swastha.

A Sanskrit definition of Ayurveda:

“Samadosha, samagnischa samadhatumala kriyaha prasanna atmenindriya manaha swasthya

ityabhidheeyate”.
Three doshas – vaata, kapha and pitta are in proper balance. Agni refers to digestive “fire”
and capacity to digest is in balance. There are seven tissues, as per ayurveda, that make up
our body. Those are dhatu.

Mala kriya is getting rid of the body waste.

Swasthya = state of being healthy

Good health is that state of equilibrium of the three doshas Vata, Pitta and kapha, where the
mind and all the organs of the body work in harmony and the person enjoys peace and
happiness and performs his/her duty of life with comfort and ease. It is that condition in
which a person sleeps well has good digestion and appetite normal, breathing and a normal
pulse good quantity of pure blood, strong nerves and a calm mind, a free movement of
bowels, normal state of urine, shining face and sparkling eyes.

Tridosha
The concept of the Tridoshas is unique to medical science. Ayurveda considers the body to be made up of
tissues (dhatus), waste products (malas), and doshas (Energetic Forces).
Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) assist in the creation of various tissues of the body and to remove any
unnecessary waste products from the body. It is also the Tridoshas that influence all movements, all
transformations, all sensory functions, and many of the other activities in the human body and mind.

The Doshas are dynamic energies that constantly change in response to our actions, thoughts, emotions, the
foods we eat, the seasons, and any other sensory inputs that feed our mind and body. That’s why in Ayurveda
we advise to make lifestyle and dietary decisions that foster balance within our Doshas.
When we live against our intrinsic natures and support unhealthy patterns that lead to physical and mental
imbalances.
1. Vata Dosha
The word vata means to blow or move like the wind.
Vata derives from the elements of Space and Air and translates as “wind” or “that which moves things.”
It is the energy of movement and the force governing all biological activity. Vata is often called the “King of the
Doshas,” since it governs the body’s greater life force and gives motion to Pitta and Kapha.

 Just as the wind in balance provides movement and expression to the natural world, the balanced Vata
individual is active, creative, and gifted with a natural ability to express and communicate.
 When the wind in a Vata type rages like a hurricane, negative qualities quickly overshadow these
positive attributes.
 Common signs of Vata imbalance include anxiety and bodily disorders related to dryness, such as dry
skin and constipation.

2. Pitta dosha:
Pitta derives from the elements of Fire and Water. The Pitta dosha is associated with fire or
heat. It is mainly associated with transformation in the body. It is the energy of digestion and
 metabolism in the body that functions through carrier substances such as organic acids, hormones,
enzymes, and bile. Pitta is most closely related to the element of Fire .

3. Kapha dosha:
Kapha derives from the elements of Earth and Water. Kapha is the heaviest of the three
doshas. It provides the structures and the lubrication that the body needs. These qualities help to
counterbalance Vata's movement and Pitta's metabolism.

DINCHARYA- DAILY REGIMENT FOR HEALTH AND WELLNESS:

DAILY ROUTINE ( DINCHARYA ) – TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIVING

In Sanskrit the daily routine is called as Dincharya. By following the Dincharya one will be
able to follow healthy lifestyle thereby maintaining health. Our diet and lifestyle are our
primary tools for wellness. Now days, our daily routine is not synchronised with biological
clock.

Daily routine according to Ayurveda:-

Prataruthana (Getting up in the morning) – Every person should get up during brahma
muhurta (from 3am -6am) means the time of brahma. It improvises normal perstaltic
movements. Defecation at proper time improves digestive power and prevents constipation.

Dantadhawana (cleaning of the teeth) – Clean the teeth with twig of arka, khadira, karanja
etc. which are astringent, pungent, bitter in taste. In absentia of twig, powder made of these
herbs can also be used. It prevents teeth from decay and infections. Tongue should also be
cleaned properly with tongue scraper.

Anjana (collyrium to the eyes) – It is good to apply a collyrium called

sauviranjana to the eyes daily. Rasanjana (prepared from decoction of daruharidra) should be
applied once in a week to drain out kapha (secretions) from the eyes. When we apply it
causes irritation to eyelids, conjunctiva and enhances the circulation.

Navana (nasal drops) – Healthy person should do navana. Milk, herbal

decoctions, herbal oils can be used. It lubricates nose and clears sinuses. Our nose is the door
to brain, nasal drops increase blood circulation to brain area and thereby may enhance
cognitive functioning of brain.

Gandusha (gargling) – Healthy person should do gandusha. For this warm water, milk,
herbal oil, herbal decoction can be used. It gives strength to teeth, gums, jaws.
Dhuma (inhalation of smoke) –Inhalation of smoke from herbs should be done. Disinfective
action of herbs like haridra, guggulu, vacha cleanse the respiratory tract, oral cavity and
pharynx.

Tambula sevana (betel chewing) – Betel leaves should be chewed. It stimulates the taste
buds and cleanses the oral cavity. Those suffering from wounds, bleeding diseases, dryness
and redness of eyes, poisoning, repeated unconsciousness, intoxication should avoid betel
leave chewing.

Abhyanga (oil massage)- It should be done daily. It delays ageing, relieves tiredness, excess
of vata. It improves circulation, nourishes body tissues, prolongs age, induces good sleep, and
improves skin tone & complexion. It should be done specially on head, ear and feet. It should
be avoided by the person suffering from aggravation of kapha.

Vyayama (exercise) – Exercise brings lightness, improves work capacity, increase digestion
power, burns fat.

Snana (bath) – Snana improves appetite, span of life, increases

enthusiasm, strength. It removes itching, dirt, exhaustion, sweat, thirst, burning sensation,
microbes.
Bastradharan (clothing) – Person should wear clean, comfortable clothes. It makes up the
personality and makes the person to feel happy.
Dhyanna (Meditation) – Meditation in the morning is a key to healthy
mind and body. It releases stress and gives strength to the mind.
Ahara (Dietry regimens) – Person should take balanced diet which is
essential for good health. Over eating, irregular diet habits and eating again before complete
digestion of the previous food should be avoided. Breakfast should be taken from 8-9 am and
lunch should be taken from 12-1 pm.
Ratricharya (Night regimens) – Take light, easily digestible, favourable food in the night.
Don’t take full meal at night. Massage the soles of feet
with oil before going to bed to induce a good sleep. Go to bed at 10 pm.

Surgical techniques:

The definition of an ideal surgeon according to the great surgeon Sushrutaa is “A person who
possesses courage and presence of mind, a hand free from perspiration, tremor less grip of
sharp and good instruments and who carries his operations to the success and advantage of
his patient who has entrusted his life to the surgeon. The surgeon should respect this absolute
surrender and treat his patient as his own son.”
Sushruta, a distinguished surgeon who flourished around 600 BCE in the ancient city of
Kashi, India, holds a significant place in the history of medicine. Often recognized as a
trailblazer, his teachings and innovations in the field of surgery were groundbreaking, with
far-reaching effects on the development and advancement of surgical techniques globally.
Long before the renowned figures of Hippocrates, Celsius, and Galen, Sushruta was already
making remarkable advancements in the field of surgery. He pioneered highly sophisticated
procedures that were far ahead of their time, including nose reconstruction using cheek flaps,
repair of cut earlobes, piercing of earlobes, repair of cut lips, and the utilization of skin
grafting techniques. Notably, Sushruta accomplished these procedures using instruments that
he crafted, highlighting his ingenuity and resourcefulness in an era that predates later
technological advancements. For his contributions, he is often referred to as “the father of
plastic surgery.”

Disease Managemet – A Diagnostic Techniques:

A type of method or test used to help diagnose a disease or condition. Imaging tests and tests
to measure blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are examples of diagnostic techniques.

Disease management is commonly defined as a system of coordinated health care

interventions and communications for populations with conditions in which patient self-care
efforts are significant. It’s also a system that, with its integrated approach, aims to reduce the
cost of health care while increasing the quality of life for patients, particularly those with
chronic conditions.

Although the term “disease management” was coined in the early 1990s, various aspects of this
system have, in some form, been put to practical use throughout much of medical history; it’s
a “new” idea backed by long tradition.

Today, the concept of disease management is built on various mutually supportive pillars of
health maintenance including, but not limited to:

 Disease screening
 Prevention efforts
 Prognostic methods
 Diagnostic methods
 Continued monitoring of patient health states.

An ideal disease management program is one where all elements work together with an
efficiency that non-integrated approaches cannot achieve. The goal is always to improve
individual and community health, minimize costs from avoidable complications, and slow the
progression of chronic diseases.

X-Ray
Images of internal body structures, including bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues, can be
produced by passing X-rays through the body. This radiation exits the body and interacts with
an image receptor, such as film or a digital system. The exiting X-ray beam structurally
represents the anatomic area of interest as a result of variations in the composition of
anatomic structures that affect the absorption and transmission of the X-ray beam.
X-ray radiation can generate three kinds of medical images: conventional X-ray images,
angiography, and fluoroscopy (COCIR, 2022).
 Conventional X-ray imaging produces a static image of a specific area of the body
which can be used to detect the presence of anatomical abnormalities.
 Angiography uses X-rays in combination with a contrast agent (a substance that
enhances specific structures in images) to visualize blood vessels.
 Fluoroscopy uses X-rays to visualize—and produce moving images of—internal
structures in real-time, such as a heart beating or a throat in the process of
swallowing.

 Computed Tomography Scan

 A computed tomography scan (CT scan) is an imaging technique that uses ionizing
radiation (X-rays) to produce three-dimensional images of bones, muscles, fat, and
organs. In a CT scan, X-rays are taken from different angles, with the resulting
individual images processed by a computer to create tomographic images (i.e., cross-
sectional images, or “slices”) which are digitally “stacked” together to form a 3D
image of basic body structures which can be used to detect and monitor abnormalities
within the body. Contrast agents may be used that are highly visible in an X-ray or CT
scan and are safe to use in patients. For example, to examine the circulatory system,
an intravenous contrast agent based on iodine is injected into the bloodstream to
illuminate blood vessels and possible obstructions. Barium- or iodine-based contrast
agents are used for imaging the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach,
and gastrointestinal tract (NIH, 2022a).
 CT technology has greatly improved over the last 20 years, with it now being possible
to create its reconstructed images at high resolution (Hussain et al., 2022). High-
resolution CT (hrCT) is carried out with a modern CT scanner but with higher-than-
typical doses of radiation. Dual-energy CT is an increasingly available technique that
lowers radiation exposure (Henzler et al., 2012). While the risks of CT are small, the
risk of cancer from repeated CT scanning is increasing in the population, particularly
in young children (Hussain et al., 2022). CT imaging protocols have been developed
to minimize radiation exposure for patients who need serial CT scans for monitoring
the progress of a disease.

 Diagnostic Ultrasound
 Diagnostic ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to detect
changes in the appearance of blood vessels, tissues, and organs, and to detect
abnormal masses. An ultrasound probe called a transducer is most often placed on the
skin, but probes may be placed inside the body, for example, via the gastrointestinal
tract, vagina, or blood vessels. The transducer sends sound waves into the body that
bounce off organs and return to the ultrasound machine, producing an image for
assessment. Diagnostic ultrasound can be used to diagnose many different conditions,
such as those affecting the heart, kidneys, thyroid, gallbladder, and female
reproductive system. Various types of ultrasounds are used for specific purposes, such
as echocardiography, which produces images of the structure and function of a heart
in real-time. There is also Doppler and color Doppler ultrasound that visualize and
 measure blood flow in vessels in the heart or within other areas of the body. To assess
musculoskeletal function, dynamic ultrasound is used to assess muscle and tendon
motion in vivo and has been shown to help in diagnosing a variety of musculoskeletal
disorders

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses computer-generated radio waves and a
powerful magnetic field to produce three-dimensional detailed anatomic images.
During the MRI scanning process, the machine’s magnet produces a strong magnetic
field. Hydrogen ions align within the patient due to the magnetic field. Bombardment
by radiofrequency waves causes the alignment of lined-up hydrogen ions to move out
and then return to the equilibrium state, resulting in a radiofrequency signal or “echo.”
A series of smaller magnetic pulses during the procedure encodes the location of the
produced echoes, and an attached computer system converts the echoes/signal into
images.
 The brain, spinal cord, and nerves as well as muscles, ligaments, and tendons can be
seen more clearly with MRI than with regular X-rays and CT. In the brain, MRI is
often used to diagnose aneurysms and tumors, among other pathologies. Unlike X-ray
imaging and CT scans, MRI does not use damaging ionizing radiation; however, MRI
is more expensive than these other method

 Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty that uses radioactive tracers, also called
radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat disease. Radioactive tracers are made up
of carrier molecules—specific to the purpose of the scan—that are bonded to a
radioactive atom. FDA-approved radiopharmaceuticals must meet standards for safety
and clinical use. A nuclear medicine physician will select the tracer specific to
patient’s particular problem. After the radioactive tracer is administered to the patient,
the path of the radioactive tracer is tracked using specialized imaging instruments,
most commonly either PET or SPECT. A main difference between SPECT and PET
scans is the type of radiotracers used.

Sleep and food – importance to health, drugs and physical therapy:

Sleep offers the body and brain time to restore and recover, affecting nearly every tissue in
the body. Most adults need at least seven hours Trusted SourceNational Library of
Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information
advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic
information.View Source of sleep, yet almost one-third Trusted SourceNational Library of
Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information
advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic
information.View Source of Americans are getting less than that. Sleep deprivation increases
the risk of health conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Prolonged sleep
deprivation can also affect concentration and other cognitive functions.

Without enough sleep, people tend to overeat and choose unhealthy foods. Sleep deprivation
affects the body’s release of ghrelin and leptin, two neurotransmitters that tell the brain when
to consume calories. People who are sleep deprived are more drawn toward high-calorie
foods. Chronic sleep loss has been linked to having a larger waist circumference Trusted
SourceNational Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for
Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical
and genomic information.View Source , and an increased risk of obesity Trusted
SourceNational Library of Medicine, Biotech InformationThe National Center for
Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical
and genomic information.View Source .

Sleep allows muscle tissue time to recover between workouts. Sufficient sleep is also
important in having the energy to exercise. Not getting enough sleep can lead to being less
physically active during the day and reduced muscle strength during workouts. Sleep
deprivation can also affect the safety of exercise, with increased sports injuries reported in
those who are sleep deprived.

Improving Sleep Through Diet and Exercise

While most people know that diet and exercise are two important ways to improve their
health, sleep is often overlooked. Sleep hygiene, which involves habits that promote quality
sleep, can be a starting point for improving your sleep.

 Do not eat too late: Be sure to give your body time to digest after eating large meals.
Try having dinner earlier in the evening.
 Avoid caffeine: Beware of stimulants like coffee, energy drinks, and soda. If you do
consume these, try to limit them to early in the day.
 Move your body: Schedule regular exercise to improve your sleep. While any
movement during the daytime is beneficial, aim to get regular, moderate exercise a
few days a week. Try to avoid working out too close to bedtime, giving your body a
couple hours after working out to wind down before bed.
 Get natural light: Try exercising outdoors, as exposure to natural light during the
day can help keep your body in sync with its natural sleep rhythms.