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Report to ENsync Engineers on the Results of a Shallow

Geotechnical Investigation for Five Proposed Pipe Bridge
Crossings for the Proposed Southern Regional Bulk Water
and Sanitation Scheme within Etete, iLembe District
Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Reference: 093-23.R01 Revision 0

Date: 01 August 2023

LEVEL 1 BEE CONTRIBUTOR

• Postal Address: PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa

• Physical Address: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4001, South Africa
• Tel: +27 (0)31 266 0458/0861 GEOSURE (436 7873) • Fax: 086 689 5506 • Mobile: +27 (0) 82 784 0544
• E-Mail: info@geosure.co.za
www.geosure.co.za
Report to ENsync Engineers on the Results of a Shallow
Geotechnical Investigation for Five Proposed Pipe Bridge
Crossings for the Proposed Southern Regional Bulk
Water and Sanitation Scheme within Etete, iLembe
District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Reference: 093-23.R01 Revision 0

01 August 2023

GEOSURE (PTY) LTD

Geotechnical, Environmental & Groundwater Engineering Consultants
SANAS Accredited Soil and Rock Laboratory
Head Office & Laboratory
Physical Address: 122 Intersite Avenue Postal Address: PO Box 1461
Umgeni Business Park Westville
Durban 3630
4001
South Africa
Telephone: (+27) (0)31 266 04 58 / Fax: 086 689 5506
0861 GEOSURE (4367873)
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544
E- mail: info@geosure.co.za
Website: www.geosure.co.za

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11 Naivasha Road 11 Naivasha Road
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Johannesburg Johannesburg
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Telephone: 0861 GEOSURE (4367873)
Mobile: 074 356 2677
E-mail: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Civil Engineering Laboratory

Address: 122 Intersite Avenue
Umgeni Business Park
Durban
4001
Telephone: 031 701 9732
Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: 072 870 2621
E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

 Document Control Record
Document prepared by:

Geosure (Pty) Ltd

122 Intersite Avenue
Umgeni Business Park
Durban
South Africa

Tel: 031 266 0458 / 0861 GEOSURE (436 7873)

Fax: 086 689 5506
E-mail: info@geosure.co.za
Website: www.geosure.co.za

A person using Geosure (Pty) Ltd documents must take note of the following:

a) Electronic copies to be checked against original hard copy version to ensure accuracy.
b) Using the documents or data for any purpose not agreed to in writing with Geosure (Pty) Ltd is
prohibited.

DOCUMENT CONTROL
Report to ENsync Engineers on the Results of a Shallow Geotechnical Investigation for
Report Title Five Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossings for the Proposed Southern Regional Bulk Water
and Sanitation Scheme within Etete, iLembe District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal.
Report Reference Attention Person:
093-23.R01 Revision 0 Ms N. Rangasamy
and current revision
E-Mail: nolener@ensync.com
Client Name ENsync Engineers
Cell/Tel: 031 265 6007
Rev Date Revision Details / Status Author Reviewer
01 August
0 Geotechnical Report with Recommendations S. Maharaj F. Smith
2023
APPROVAL

Author Signature Reviewer Signature

F. Smith Pr. Sci. Nat 400049/00

Author Name S. Maharaj Reviewer Name
(MSAIEG)
Title Engineering Geologist Title Associate

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

 Report to ENsync Engineers on the Results of a Shallow Geotechnical
Investigation for Five Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossings for the Proposed
Southern Regional Bulk Water and Sanitation Scheme within Etete,
iLembe District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Reference: 093-23.R01 Revision 0 Date: 01 August 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. TERMS OF REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................... 1
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT ................................................................................................................ 2
3. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 2
4. GUIDELINES FOR METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION ...................................................................... 2
5. INFORMATION REFERENCED ......................................................................................................................... 3
6. SITE DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 3
7. FIELDWORK ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.1 SITE RECONNAISSANCE ................................................................................................................................ 5
7.2 INSPECTION PITS .......................................................................................................................................... 5
7.3 DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER (DCP) TESTS ........................................................................................... 6
7.4 DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER - LIGHT (DPL) TESTS .............................................................................. 6
8. GEOLOGY AND ANTICIPATED SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS .................................................................. 7
8.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.2 ANTICIPATED LOCAL GEOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 7
9. GROUNDWATER .................................................................................................................................................. 9
10. LABORATORY TESTING ................................................................................................................................. 10
11. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
11.1 GENERAL GLOBAL STABILITY OF PIPE BRIDGE SITES ................................................................................ 13
11.2 MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USAGE .......................................................... 13
11.3 TRENCHABILITY ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 14
11.4 EARTHWORKS ............................................................................................................................................ 14
11.4.1 General Fills ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
11.4.2 General Cuts ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
11.5 INFERRED GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................... 15
11.6 ANTICIPATED FOUNDING CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................... 21
11.7 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 21
11.7.1 Spread Footings ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
11.7.2 Caissons .................................................................................................................................................................. 22
11.7.3 Piled Foundations ................................................................................................................................................... 22
11.7.4 Pile Integrity Testing ............................................................................................................................................... 23
11.7.5 Geotechnical Supervision ........................................................................................................................................ 24
11.8 GENERAL DRAINAGE AND EROSION CONTROLS ......................................................................................... 24
11.9 DEEP GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ....................................................................................................... 24
12. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 25
13. LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................. 26

Appendix A: Figure 1 – Regional and Local Contexts of Site

Figure 2 – Site Plan
Figure 3 – Regional Geological Plan

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

Appendix B: Photographs of Site and Select Inspection Pits

Appendix C: Inspection Pit and Exposure Profiles

Appendix D: Results of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) Tests

Appendix E: Results of Dynamic Penetrometer Light (DPL) Tests

Appendix F: Results of Laboratory Tests

List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of Latitude and Longitude Co-ordinates for Pipe Bridge Crossings Investigated ................................ 4
Table 2: Summary of Exposure Profiles at Pipe Bridge Sites ............................................................................................ 5
Table 3: Summary of Inspection Pits at Pipe Bridge Sites ................................................................................................. 6
Table 4: Summary of DCP Tests at Pipe Bridge Sites ........................................................................................................ 6
Table 5: Summary of DPL Tests at Pipe Bridge Sites ........................................................................................................ 7
Table 6: Geological Units Encountered, General Descriptions, Occurrence, and Depth Range Observed during the Field
Investigation ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Table 7: Observed Depths to Rock in General Area of Pipe Bridge Sites .......................................................................... 9
Table 8: Depths and Relative Intensities of Groundwater Seepage Levels at Bridge Sites ................................................ 9
Table 9: Summary of Particle Size Distributions, Atterberg Limits and Material Classifications of Soils Tested from
Pipe Bridge Sites.............................................................................................................................................. 11
Table 10: Summary of Material Classifications of Soils Tested ....................................................................................... 13
Table 11: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 1 ................................. 16
Table 12: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 2 ................. 17
Table 13: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 3 ................. 18
Table 14: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 4 ................. 19
Table 15: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 5 ................. 20
Table 16: Details for Rotapiles ......................................................................................................................................... 23

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

Abbreviations and Expansions

Abbreviation Expansion
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation
CBR California Bearing Ratio
CFA Continuous Flight Auger
COLTO Committee of Land and Transport Officials
COTO Committee of Transport Officials
Client ENsync Engineers
DCI Driven Cast Insitu
DPL Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Light
E east
EGL existing ground level
Geosure Geosure (Pty) Ltd
GIS Geographical Information System
GM grading modulus
GSI Geological Strength Index
h horizontal
IMC insitu moisture content
IP Inspection Pit/s
km kilometre(s)
kN/m3 kilonewton per metre cube
kPa kilopascal
KZN KwaZulu Natal
LHS Left Hand Side
LL liquid limit
LS linear shrinkage
m metre (s)
MDD maximum dry density
mm millimetre(s)
NGL natural ground level
No. number
NP non plastic
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
OMC Optimum Moisture Content
PI plasticity index
SANS South African National Standards
S south
SLS Serviceability Limit State
SP slightly plastic
SPT Standard Penetration Test
USCS Unified Soil Classification System
v vertical
>G9 Worse than G9 in terms of COLTO
USCS Symbols
SC Clayey-sands, sand clay mixtures OL Organic silt/clay of low plasticity
SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures ML Inorganic silts of low plasticity
CL Lean clay

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Report to ENsync Engineers on the Results of a Shallow Geotechnical

Investigation for Five Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossings for the Proposed
Southern Regional Bulk Water and Sanitation Scheme within Etete,
iLembe District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Reference: 093-23.R01 Revision 0 Date: 01 August 2023

1. TERMS OF REFERENCE
In electronic mails dated 04 April 2023 to 17 April 2023, Geosure (Pty) Ltd, hereafter referred to as
Geosure, was requested by Ms N. Rangasamy on behalf of Ensync Engineers, to provide a proposal
and cost estimate to carry out a geotechnical investigation for a proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing of
the Etete River in Etete. This pipe bridge structure forms part of the Proposed Southern Regional
Bulk and Sanitation Scheme within the iLembe District Municipality.

Accordingly, Geosure provided a proposal and cost estimate in a fee proposal letter referenced 034-
22.004 (F.P. Geotech @ Pipe Bridge)/mb and dated 19 April 2023.

Geosure was subsequently authorised by Ms N. Rangasamy on behalf of Ensync Engineers,

hereafter referred to as the Client, to carry out the geotechnical investigation as proposed, by
signing and returning the Geosure Terms and Conditions dated 21 April 2023.

Upon commencement of the field investigation, Geosure were informed by the Client in an
electronic mail dated 15 May 2023 that a geotechnical investigation was required for an additional
four pipe bridge crossings within the same scheme.

Accordingly, Geosure provided a proposal and cost estimate in a fee proposal letter referenced
093-23.001 (F.P. Additional Pipe Bridge Crossings 16.05.23)/mb and dated 17 May 2023.

Geosure was subsequently authorised by the Client to carry out the geotechnical investigation, as
proposed, by signing and returning Geosures’ Terms and Conditions dated 17 May 2023.

Nomenclature for the pipe bridge structures was subsequently confirmed by the Client to comprise
Pipe Bridge 1 to Pipe Bridge 5. Pipe Bridge 1 refers to the structure investigated by Geosure via
authorisation dated 21 April 2023, and investigation of Pipe Bridge structures 2 to 5 relates to the
authorisation dated 17 May 2023.

At the Client’s request, a preliminary report was submitted ahead of the receipt of laboratory test
results, describing the topography, general geology and anticipated soil conditions, and providing
foundation guidelines to inform preliminary design of Pipe Bridge 1. Documentation in this regard
is dated 26 May 2023 and titled “Preliminary Report - Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed
Pipe Bridge Crossing for the Proposed Southern Regional Bulk and Sanitation Scheme, Ilembe
District Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal” and referenced 093-23.002/dg.

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2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT

This report sets out the results of a Shallow Geotechnical Investigation of river crossings for the
proposed Pipe Bridge 1 to Pipe Bridge 5 which form part of the proposed Southern Regional Bulk
Water and Sanitation Scheme within Etete, iLembe District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal.

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate subsurface conditions to facilitate development of

geotechnical criteria for design and construction for the proposed new development. Accordingly,
this report provides the following:

i.Description of the site and subsurface conditions encountered;

ii.Discussion of the field exploration and laboratory testing programs;
iii.Summary of laboratory test data;
iv. Evaluation of anticipated subsurface conditions during construction;
v. Recommendations for earthworks and material excavation;
vi. Evaluation and recommendations for materials usage and foundation solutions for the
proposed development; and
vii. Summary of major findings and conclusions.

3. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
Information received by Geosure indicates that Pipe Bridge 1 shall traverse a tributary to the Etete
River, and Pipe Bridge 2 to Pipe Bridge 5 shall cross downstream along the Etete River.

The following structural design details are given below, based on foundation design drawings
received by Geosure:

i. Pipe Bridge 1 – four piers at intervals of 12m, with piers spaced between 9 m and 12m apart
on supported on reinforced concrete (RC) spread footings.

ii. Pipe Bridge 2 – one pier positioned 12m from the abutments all founded on piles
approximately 5m long.

iii. Pipe Bridge 3 – four piers at intervals of 12m apart, with RC spread footings for both
abutments and one pier, and piled foundations for three piers.

iv. Pipe Bridge 4 – three piers at intervals of 12m on piled foundations, and RC spread footings
for both abutments.

v. Pipe Bridge 5 – three piers at intervals of 12m on piled foundations, and RC spread footings
for both abutments.

The anticipated SLS load for each pier as confirmed by the Client, totals 200kN.

Further planning and / or engineering design details were not available at the time of preparation of
this report.

4. GUIDELINES FOR METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION

The fieldwork and report for the investigation was carried out according to guidelines relevant to
geotechnical investigations of this nature, in particular the “Site Investigation Code of Practice, 1st

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Edition”, prepared by the South African Institution of Civil Engineering - Geotechnical Division,
dated January 2010 refers.

The formation and weathering of geological materials are discontinuous processes and unexpected
variations in soil, rock and groundwater regimes may occur even on sites where the conditions seem
to be uniform or consistent. Variations in what is reported here may become evident during
construction. It is thus imperative that an appropriately qualified and experienced Competent Person
inspects all critical stages of development including, but not limited to, excavations to assess the
conditions encountered and to assist in the interpretation of observations at variance with the
information supplied in this report.

This report was prepared for use by the Client and their professional team for the purpose stated and
should not be relied upon for any other purpose.

5. INFORMATION REFERENCED
The following information was utilised to assist with the investigation and reporting:

i. Googe Earth (.kml) file, depicting the proposed stream crossings provided to Geosure via
electronic mail. This information guided the geotechnical fieldwork.

ii. Digital (.dwg) copies of a tacheometric survey plan with contours.

iii. Digital (.dwg) copy of a survey drawing titled, “4 Bridge Survey”, indicating contours at
intervals of 0.25m

iv. Digital copy (.pdf) of an undated drawing titled “Pipe Bridge 1 – General Arrangement,”
Drawing No. 03-2000-300-01.

v. Digital copy (.pdf) of an undated drawing titled “Pipe Bridge 2 – General Arrangement,”
Drawing No. 03-2000-300-02.

vi. Digital copy (.pdf) of an undated drawing titled “Pipe Bridge 3 – General Arrangement,”
Drawing No. 03-2000-300-03.

vii. Digital copy (.pdf) of an undated drawing titled “Pipe Bridge 4 – General Arrangement,”
Drawing No. 03-2000-300-04.

viii. Digital copy (.pdf) of an undated drawing titled “Pipe Bridge 5 – General Arrangement,”
Drawing No. 03-2000-300-05.

ix. Regional geological sheet titled “2930 Durban”, dated 1988, prepared by Council for
Geoscience to scale 1: 250 000.

x. Low-resolution satellite imagery sourced from Google Earth.

6. SITE DESCRIPTIONS
The five proposed pipe bridge crossings of the Etete River and tributaries to the Etete River are
located in the vicinity of the town of Etete in KwaDukuza Local Municipality.

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The approximate latitude and longitude coordinates generally midway of the crossings investigated
are summarised in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Summary of Latitude and Longitude Co-ordinates for Pipe Bridge Crossings Investigated
Pipe Bridge Latitude (South) Longitude (East)
Pipe Bridge 1* 29.417347° 31.245998°
Pipe Bridge 2 29.417988° 31.231157°
Pipe Bridge 3 29.418565° 31.231614°
Pipe Bridge 4 29.419947° 31.232313°
Pipe Bridge 5 29.419782° 31.233663°

Pipe Bridge 1 – *NB: An amended alignment was received subsequent to completion of the field
programme by Geosure. The site occurs along a tributary of the Etete River that drains through the
south-eastern extremity of Etete east of the Transnet rail line near scattered informal and occasional
formal housing. Access to the site is achieved on foot. The immediate site surrounds show mild
slopes characterised by relatively dense vegetation including grasses reeds and trees. An incised
channel defines the central portion of the crossing, with low embankments along both sides of the
crossing, rising some 1m to 1.5m. Rock outcrop was observed occasionally in the river bed. River
flow was observed at the time of the fieldwork.

Pipe Bridge 2 - The site occurs along a southerly flowing tributary that drains through the south-
western portion of Etete some 0.7km to the west of the R102 and directly upstream of the Etete
River. Access to the site is achieved on foot. The immediate site surrounds show gentle slopes
characterised by vegetation including grasses reeds and occasional trees. The river channel rises
some 1m. Rock outcrop was observed sporadically in the river bed.

Pipe Bridge 3 - The site occurs along an easterly flowing portion of the Etete River to the northeast
of a formal township that drains through the south-western portion of Etete some 0.7km to the west
of the R102. Access to the site is achieved on foot. The immediate site surrounds show gentle
slopes characterised by vegetation including grasses reeds and densely concentrated trees along the
northern flank. The river comprises two channels and the river bed levels undulate by some 0.5m to
1m. Extensive rock outcrop was observed in the river bed.

Pipe Bridge 4 - The site occurs a distance not exceeding 0.4km downstream of Pipe Bridge 3 and
to the east of a formal township along a southerly flowing portion of the Etete River to the west of
the R102. Access to the site is achieved on foot. The river bed is generally level to slightly
undulatory with a channel formed near the eastern edge of the crossing. Limited rock outcrop was
observed in the river bed and immediate vicinity. The immediate site surrounds show gentle and
relatively steeper slopes along the eastern and western flanks, respectively, characterised by
vegetation including grasses reeds and occasional trees.

Pipe Bridge 5 - The site occurs a distance not exceeding approximately 0.3km downstream of Pipe
Bridge 4 along a generally easterly flowing portion of the Etete River that drains surrounded by
undeveloped land to the west of the R102. Access to the site is achieved on foot. The river bed is
generally level. Limited rock outcrop was observed in the river bed and immediate vicinity. The
immediate site surrounds shows moderate slopes along the northern and southern flanks,
characterised by vegetation including grasses reeds and occasional trees mostly along the northern
edge of the crossing.

The current regional and local contexts of the five Bridge Pipe crossings are given in Figure 1
included, Appendix A of this report.

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The general layout of the pipe bridge crossings are given in Figures 2 to 6, Appendix A of this
report.

Photographs of the pipe bridge sites and select inspection pits are included as Appendix B.

7. FIELDWORK
Fieldwork for the investigation was carried out over the periods 16th May 2023 to 5 June 2023 and
comprised the following:

i. Site Reconnaissance;
ii. Inspection Pits;
iii. Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) Tests; and
iv. Dynamic Penetrometer - Light (DPL) Tests.

7.1 Site Reconnaissance

A site walkover was carried out at each pipe bridge crossing to map features of geotechnical
significance including landform and general drainage pattern.

Seven exposures were encountered at the sites of Pipe Bridges 1 to 4. The exposures were profiled
in accordance with the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, Guidelines for
Soil and Rock Logging in South Africa, 2002) at the approximate position given in Figures 2 to 6.

Exposures profiled along the pipe bridge sites are summarised in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Summary of Exposure Profiles at Pipe Bridge Sites

Pipe Bridge No. Exposures
Pipe Bridge 1* EXP101
Pipe Bridge 2 EXP201
Pipe Bridge 3 EXP301 to EXP303
Pipe Bridge 4 EXP401; EXP402
Pipe Bridge 5 No Exposures Observed
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

The detailed exposure profiles are given in Appendix C.

7.2 Inspection Pits

Access for a TLB to form inspection pits was evaluated after a reconnaissance of the five crossings
and was considered not to be restricted and feasible due to a risk of flooding.

Consequently, forty seven inspection pits were excavated using hand implements across the five
bridge sites at the approximate positions given in Figures 2 to 6, Appendix A.

A summary of the inspection pits excavated at the respective pipe bridge crossings are provided in
Table 3 below.

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Table 3: Summary of Inspection Pits at Pipe Bridge Sites

Final / Refusal Depth Range
Pipe Bridge No. Inspection Pits
(m below EGL)
0.58 (IP508 refers) to 1.90
Pipe Bridge 1* IP101 to IP112
(IP5012 refers)
0.37 (IP104 refers) to 2.18 (IP108
Pipe Bridge 2 IP201 to IP208
refers)
0.51 (IP203 refers) to 1.58 (IP206
Pipe Bridge 3 IP301 to IP308
refers)
0.20 (IP303 refers) to 2.04 (IP308
Pipe Bridge 4 IP401 IP410
refers)
0.31 (IP405 refers) to 1.00 (IP402
Pipe Bridge 5 IP501 to IP509
refers)
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

The inspection pits were profiled in accordance with the South African Geoterminology Guidelines
(Brink & Bruin, Guidelines for Soil and Rock Logging in South Africa, 2002), sampled and
reinstated on completion.

Detailed inspection pit profiles and photographs of the inspection pits are given in Appendix C of
this report.

7.3 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) Tests

Forty-seven DCP tests were carried out across the five pipe bridge sites at the positions given in
Figure 2.

A summary of refusal depths of DCP tests are provided in Table 4 below.

Table 4: Summary of DCP Tests at Pipe Bridge Sites

Refusal Depth Range
Pipe Bridge No. DCP
(m below EGL)
0.60 (DC107 refers) to 1.80
Pipe Bridge 1* DC101 to DC112
(DC103 refers)
0.20 (DC204 refers) to 2.30
Pipe Bridge 2 DC201 to DC208
(DC207 & DC208 refer)
0.40 (DC303 refers) to 1.80
Pipe Bridge 3 DC301 to DC308
(DC306 refers)
0.20 (DC405 refers) to 2.40
Pipe Bridge 4 DC401 to DC410
(DC408 refers)
0.20 (DC505 refers) to 2.10
Pipe Bridge 5 DC501 to DC509
(DC502 refers)
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

The results of the DCP tests comprising plots of blow counts versus depth are given in Appendix D.

7.4 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer - Light (DPL) Tests

Ten DPL tests were carried out across the five pipe bridge sites at the approximate positions given
in Figure 2.

A summary of refusal depths of DPL tests are provided in Table 5 below.

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Table 5: Summary of DPL Tests at Pipe Bridge Sites

Refusal Depth
Pipe Bridge No. DPL
(m below EGL)
Pipe Bridge 1* DPL101 and DPL102 1.50 and 1.80, respectively.
Pipe Bridge 2 DPL201 and DPL202 0.90 and 2.40, respectively.
Pipe Bridge 3 DPL301 and DPL302 0.60 and 1.20, respectively.
Pipe Bridge 4 DPL401 and DPL402 0.60 and 1.50, respectively.
Pipe Bridge 5 DPL501 and DPL502 0.90 and 1.20, respectively.
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

The results of the DPL tests comprising plots of blow counts versus depth are given in Appendix E.

8. GEOLOGY AND ANTICIPATED SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

8.1 Overview

Reference to regional geological sheet titled “2930 Durban”, (Council for Geoscience, 1988)
prepared to a scale of 1:250 000, indicates that Pipe Bridges 1 to 4 and immediate surrounds are
underlain by Quarternary age alluvial deposits and tillite of the Dwyka Group. The geological
contact between shale of the Pietermaritzburg Formation, Ecca Group, and the Dwyka Group,
defines the general area of Pipe Bridge 5.

An extract of the geological map is given in Figure 7, Appendix A of this report.

8.2 Anticipated Local Geology

At the positions investigated, the sites were observed to be underlain by the following geological
units listed below in stratigraphic order (from youngest to oldest):

i. Fill (man-made earth);

ii. Colluvium (fine hillwash);
iii. Alluvium (river and stream deposits);
iv. Ferricrete (concretionary pedicritic soils)
v. Residual tillite (fully decomposed former tillite rock); and
vi. Weathered Tillite rock, Dwyka Group.

The occurrence of these units and general descriptions in general stratigraphic order are given in
Table 6 below.

Table 6: Geological Units Encountered, General Descriptions, Occurrence, and Depth Range Observed during
the Field Investigation

Observed Depth Range

Unit General Description IP / EXP (m below EGL)
From To

Slightly moist to moist, light

greyish brown/dark brownish
grey/dark yellowish brown,
Fill IP301; IP101; 0.48 (IP301 refers) –
loose, fine to medium grained, EGL
(Uncontrolled) IP102; IP107 0.79 (IP101 refers)
silty SAND/ firm to stiff, sandy
CLAY, with plastic
waste/builder’s rubble/tillite
fragments

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Observed Depth Range

Unit General Description IP / EXP (m below EGL)
From To

Slightly moist to moist, medium

greyish brown/light greyish
IP206; IP207;
brown/medium grey/medium
IP208; IP306;
brown, loose to medium dense, 0.17 (IP108 refers) –
Colluvium IP307; IP308; EGL
slightly clayey fine to medium 0.96 (IP103 refers)
IP501; IP508;
SAND/clayey SAND / firm to
IP509
stiff, sandy CLAY, with fine
roots

Slightly moist to moist, medium

IP202 – IP205;
brown/light brown/medium grey,
IP302 – IP305; 0.10 (IP303 refers) –
Alluvium loose to medium dense, silty fine EGL
IP401 – IP410; 1.38 (IP304 refers)
to medium SAND, with abundant
IP502 – IP507
tillite boulders

Moist, dark grey, speckled light 0.18 (IP410

0.51 (IP410 refers) –
Ferricrete grey, dense, fine to coarse IP409; IP410 refers) – 0.32
0.55 (IP409 refers)
grained, gravelly silty SAND (IP409 refers)

Slightly moist to wet, medium IP109; IP101 –

greyish brown mottled orange/ IP102; IP104;
medium orange brown mottled IP105; IP108 –
light grey/ medium yellowish IP110; IP112;
brown/ medium brown speckled EXP101IP103 –
light orange/ dark yellowish IP107; IP110 – 0.62 (IP508 refers) –
Residual EGL – 1.34
orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy IP112; IP201; 2.18 (IP208 refers)
Tillite (IP307 refers)
silty CLAY/gravelly silty SAND/ IP205 – IP208;
loose to medium dense, clayey IP301 – IP303;
sandy SILT/sandy SILT, with IP306 – IP408;
tillite boulders/fragments. IP407 – IP410;
Potential for dropstone cobbles IP508; IP509;
and boulders. IP101;

Light grey/medium grey, stained IP201 – IP203;

orange/dark orange grey/medium IP206; EXP201;
grey/ light greyish brown/light IP301 – IP303;
greyish yellow/light yellow IP305; IP307; 0.17 (IP108 From 0.43 (IP303
Weathered
orange, highly to moderately IP308; EXP301 – refers) – 1.12 refers) – 1.14 (IP104 &
Tillite Rock
weathered, fine grained, highly to EXP303; IP301; (IP101) IP307 refers)
moderately fractured, very soft to EXP1; EXP2;
soft rock. Potential for relatively IP501; IP505;
harder corestone zones. IP507 – IP509

The range in depths to rock observed in inspection pits / exposures in the general area of each pipe
bridge crossing are indicated in Table 7 below.

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Table 7: Observed Depths to Rock in General Area of Pipe Bridge Sites

Range in Observed Depths to Rock
Pipe Bridge No.
(m below EGL)
Pipe Bridge 1* 0.00 - > 1.90
Pipe Bridge 2 0.00 – > 2.18
Pipe Bridge 3 0.00 - > 1.58
Pipe Bridge 4 0.00 - > 2.04
Pipe Bridge 5 0.24 - > 1.00
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

9. GROUNDWATER
Groundwater seepage was observed in seventeen of the inspection pits profiled.

The depths and relative intensities of the groundwater seepage occurrences encountered across the
five bridge sites during the investigation are given in Table 8 below.

Table 8: Depths and Relative Intensities of Groundwater Seepage Levels at Bridge Sites
Depth below EGL Inferred Intensity
Field Test No.
(m) of Seepage
PIPE BRIDGE 1*
IP106 0.74 Moderate
IP107 0.84 Moderate
PIPE BRIDGE 2
IP201 0.36 Moderate to Strong
IP202 0.50 Slight to Moderate
IP203 0.38 Slight
IP205 0.62 Moderate to Strong
IP208 1.86 Slight to Moderate
PIPE BRIDGE 3
IP303 0.41 Moderate to Strong
IP304 1.28 Moderate to Strong
IP306 1.48 Moderate to Strong
PIPE BRIDGE 4
IP403 0.10 Strong
IP404 0.15 Strong
IP405 0.26 Strong
IP407 1.42 Slight
PIPE BRIDGE 5
IP502 0.92 Moderate to Strong
IP503 0.22 Moderate to Strong
IP504 0.56 Moderate to Strong
* Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of the field programme by Geosure

The levels of the perched groundwater seepage condition encountered and the flow rates are likely
to be influenced by the local and regional rainfall patterns, which are partly mirrowed by the river
flows.

Due cognisance of the shallow nature, intensity and potential fluctuations in the levels of the
perched water table will therefore need to be taken into account, with suitable mitigation measures,
during the design and construction of this project.

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10. LABORATORY TESTING

The following laboratory tests were carried out on soil samples retrieved from each of the pipe
bridge sites:

i. Grading Analysis to 0.075mm sieve with Atterberg Limit Determination;

ii. Hydrometer Analysis; and
iii. Insitu Moisture Content;

The results of the laboratory tests are given in Appendix F and summarised in Table 9 below.

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Table 9: Summary of Particle Size Distributions, Atterberg Limits and Material Classifications of Soils Tested from Pipe Bridge Sites
Atterberg
Particle Size (%)
Limits (%) IMC Material Code &
IP No. Depth (m) Description GM
(%) Classification
Clay Silt Sand Gravel LL PI LS

PIPE BRIDGE 1*
A-4 (1)
IP103 0.01-0.96 Dark brownish grey sandy SILT. Colluvium 9 37 53 1 19 7 3,5 0,49 17.6 CL-ML
*Low
A-6 (5)
Dark brownish grey mottled dark orange
IP103 0.96-1.70 17 34 37 12 30 14 7,0 0,74 25.0 CL
clayey sandy SILT. Residual Tillite
*Low
A-4 (0)
Dark brownish grey mottled dark orange
IP107 0.71-0.90 4 29 45 22 18 7 4,0 1,06 17.7 SM-SC
slighly clayey SAND. Residual Tillite
*Low

Dark grey mottled yellowish orange sandy silty A-7-6 (20)

IP111 0.38-1.90 26 51 23 0 49 21 11,0 0,20 34.2
CLAY. Residual Tillite ML/OL‡

PIPE BRIDGE 2
A-6 (4)
Medium orange mottled yellow and speckled
IP207 0.85-2.00 2 41 56 1 29 11 5,5 0,52 13.4 CL
dark grey sandy SILT. Residual Tillite
*Low
A-4 (1)
Medium yellowish brown mottled orange
IP208 0.67-2.18 2 36 62 0 23 9 4,5 0,59 11.6 SC
sandy SILT. Residual Tillite
*Low

PIPE BRIDGE 3
A-6 (4)
Dark yellowish orange clayey sandy SILT.
IP306 0.44-1.58 13 31 56 0 32 17 8,0 0,60 14.8 SC
Residual Tillite
*Medium

A-6 (2)
Dark yellowish orange slightly gravelly sandy SC
IP307 0.26-1.14 2 38 52 8 25 11 5,0 0,76 11.9
SILT. Residual Tillite *Low

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Atterberg
Particle Size (%)
Limits (%) IMC Material Code &
IP No. Depth (m) Description GM
(%) Classification
Clay Silt Sand Gravel LL PI LS

PIPE BRIDGE 4
A-6 (4)
Dark yellowish orange clayey sandy SILT.
IP408 0.93-2.04 13 31 56 0 36 15 7,5 0,60 11.2 SC
Residual Tillite
*Medium
A-6 (5)
Dark orange yellow clayey sandy SILT.
IP410 0.51-1.69 13 33 54 0 33 14 7,0 0,50 12.5 CL
Residual Tillite
*Medium
PIPE BRIDGE 5
A-4 (0)
Dark yellowish orange gravelly silty SAND.
IP508 0.19-0.62 3 20 56 21 25 8 4,5 1,23 15.5 SC
Residual Tillite
*Low

A-2-4 (0)
IP504 0.23-0.69 Medium grey silty SAND. Alluvium 0 10 89 1 0 0 0,0 1,01 20.7
SM

Key:

LL - Liquid Limit OMC - Optimum Moisture Content MDD - Maximum Dry Density
LS - Linear Shrinkage A-4 (0) - AASHTO Classification *Low - Potential Expansiveness (van der Merwe (1964))
P - Plasticity Index SC - Unified Soil Classification GM - Grading Modulus
IMC - Insitu Moisture Content * Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure

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11. DISCUSSION

11.1 General Global Stability of Pipe Bridge Sites

Potentially unstable and collapsing sidewalls were observed and are anticipated at each of the
bridge sites. Such conditions may result in unstable excavations exacerbated by groundwater
seepage activity that was observed in several of the inspection pits investigated.

Notwithstanding the above, based on the results of the fieldwork undertaken during this
investigation, it is considered that the five pipe bridge sites are generally stable and suitable for the
proposed development provided the recommendations given in this report are adhered to. These
measures amount to no more than sound development controls appropriate to the site conditions
expected and the nature of the development proposals confirmed with Geosure at the time of
preparation of this report.

The implementation of sound founding and earthworks controls to engineer’s design in consultation
with the geotechnical professional are therefore considered important and strongly advised.

11.2 Material Classification and Recommendations for Usage

Inferring from the results of laboratory tests, fieldwork and observations made at the sites, an
assessment of the suitability of the materials tested for use in construction are given in Table 10
below.

Table 10: Summary of Material Classifications of Soils Tested

General Classification
Geology / Unit Recommended Use
Description Details

sandy CLAY / Unsuitable for use in fill due to a

GM = 0.49
sandy clayey generally high organic content and water
Colluvium PI = 7
SILT / silty retention potential typically associated
(Pipe Bridges 2, 3 & 5) UNIFIED = CL-ML
SAND, with with such materials. Should be set aside
AASHTO = A-4(1)
roots for top soiling where necessary.

These soils are suitable for use in bulk /

silty SAND, GM = 1.01
general fills subject to removal of boulder
Alluvium with boulders PI = 0
size inclusions. Further laboratory testing
(Pipe Bridge 5) up to 0.54m in UNIFIED = SM
is required to determine suitability for use
size AASHTO = A-2-4 (0)
as either select fills or select subgrade.

sandy silty
GM = 0.20 to 1.23
CLAY/gravell
PI = 8 to 21
y silty These soils are considered suitable for
Residual Tillite UNIFIED = CL /
SAND/clayey bulk / general earthworks and topsoiling
(Pipe Bridges 1 – 5) ML/OL‡/SM-SC / SC
sandy where necessary only.
AASHTO = A-4(0) to A-
SILT/sandy
7-6 (20)
SILT

The classification of materials encountered on the five sites should be confirmed by laboratory
verification testing during construction, as part of process and acceptance control monitoring, prior
to the material being considered for use in construction.

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11.3 Trenchability Assessment

“Hard” excavation is generally anticipated across the site when excavating into rock. The alluvial
boulders observed along the river embankments and at river bed levels were generally not densely
packed.

Slow excavation rates are anticipated beneath the water table and river water level. In general the
following excavation classes, as per SANS 1200D, are anticipated at the 5 pipe bridge sites:

i. Colluvial, alluvial and residual soils – Soft Excavation

ii. Alluvial boulders and boulders in residual soils – Boulder Class Excavation
iii. Very soft tillite rock – Soft to Intermediate Excavation
iv. Soft tillite rock - Intermediate to Hard Excavation
v. Medium hard to very hard tillite rock (not observed) – Hard excavation.

11.4 Earthworks

It is recommended that all earthworks be carried out in accordance with SANS 1200 (current
version). All vegetation, topsoil and unsuitable subgrade material should be cleared from areas over
which fills are to be built.

Under fills of more than three metres in height, further subgrade improvement may be necessary.

Slow excavation rates below the groundwater surfaces are considered likely.

11.4.1 General Fills

General fills should be placed in layers not exceeding 0.25m when placed in loose condition, and
compacted to a minimum of 93% of Modified AASHTO maximum dry density. Boulders larger
than 0.2m should not be included in the fill material. Large boulders could affect compaction and
mask voids into which fines could later migrate, resulting in subsidence. Boulders may also
adversely affect foundation excavations including piling. Density control of fill material should be
undertaken at appropriate intervals during fill construction.

11.4.2 General Cuts

Cut slopes in competent rock should be no steeper than 1v to 0.75h (≤ 53°) and to a height not
greater than 3.0m where retaining walls are not provided. Where fracturess or bedding planes are
exposed during excavation, it is recommended that a geotechnical specialist is appointed to assess
their effects on the stability of the cutting and the global stability of the slope.

Cut and fill slopes should not exceed the recommended slope batters given in TRH9 and TRH10 i.e.
cut and fill batters of 1v in 2h (≤ 26°) in soils.

Where excavations intersect or approach the water table, the sidewalls will tend to become unstable
and need to be drained and laterally supported or battered back at slopes of the order of 1v in 5h
(11°).

Workers should not enter any excavations deeper than 1.5m that are not shored or battered back as
described above. Sidewalls within the sandy and silty soils will be prone to rapid collapse. All
excavations are to be inspected on a daily basis by a competent person to confirm stability. These

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inspections should be recorded. It remains the responsibility of the contractor to ensure compliance
with the current Occupational Health and Safety Act during construction.

11.5 Inferred Geotechnical Conditions and Recommendations

A summary of the inferred geotechnical site conditions and founding recommendations at the
proposed pipe bridge crossings investigated, are set down in Tables 11 to 15 below. Reference to
the corresponding Figures is included.

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Table 11: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 1

PIPE BRIDGE 1(*Amended alignment received subsequent to completion of field programme by Geosure)
Exposure Photographs Inspection Pit Photographs

Plate 1 : Indicative view of EXP101 Plate 2: Indicative view of IP104 Plate 3: Indicative view of IP109
Fieldwork -The inspection pits were profiled in terms of the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, 2002)
Observed Depth Range of IPs from EGL
IP No. EXP No. Observed Depth of EXP from EGL (m) DCP / DPL No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) Groundwater Seepage
(m)
DC101 to DC1012 0.60m (DC107) to 1.80m (IP103)
Moderate groundwater seepage was observed at IP106 and IP107 at
IP101 to IP112 0.58m (IP108) to 1.90m (IP111) EXP101 0.62m DPL101 and
1.50m (DPL101) to 1.80m (DPL102) depths of 0.74m and 0.84m below EGL, respectively.
DPL102
Ground / Subsurface Conditions -The site was observed to be underlain by fill (uncontrolled), colluvium, residual tillite and weathered tillite rock of the Dwyka Group (Refer to Figure 3)
Excavation Characteristics
Geological Unit General Description Observed Depth Range from EGL (m)
Slightly moist to moist, dark brownish grey / dark yellowish brown / dark grey orange, firm to stiff, It is considered that Soft excavations in terms of SANS 1200 can be
Fill 0.63m (IP102 refers) to 0.79m (IP101 refers)
intact, sandy CLAY containing builder’s rubble. anticipated to at least the depths of the field tests carried out. The very
Slightly moist to moist, dark brownish grey / medium brown / dark grey, loose to medium dense / firm soft tillite rock observed in the inspection pits is likely to classify as Soft
Colluvium 0.17m (IP108 refers) to 0.96m (IP103 refers)
to stiff, fine to medium grained / intact, sandy CLAY / clayey SAND containing fine roots. excavation. Boulder excavation classes are anticipated within any
Slightly moist through to wet, dark brown mottled dark yellow / dark brownish grey / medium brown / alluvium, and may be encountered within residual tillite soils.
Residual Tillite 0.48m (IP1010 refers) to 1.90m (IP1011 refers)
dark grey / dark yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY / sandy CLAY.
With depth, the tillite rock is likely to be less weathered with a
Light yellow orange / light yellowish grey / light yellowish orange / light to medium grey, highly to Tillite rock was observed at depths in the range 0.17m (IP108 refers) to
Weathered Tillite Rock concomitant increase in strength, resulting in possibly Intermediate and
moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very soft rock. 1.14m (IP104 refers).
Hard excavations.
Shallow Founding Conditions
i. Presence of soft to firm consistencies in the fill materials containing builder’s rubble, domestic waste to depths in the range of approximately 0.63m (IP102) to 0.79m (IP101) below EGL.
ii. Presence of potentially collapsible sandy colluvium of low bearing capacity in the depth range 0.17m (IP108 refers) to 0.96m (IP103 refers) below EGL.
iii. The clayey residual tillite soils have firm to stiff consistencies down to depths in the range of approximately 0.48m (IP1010) to 1.90m (IP1011) below EGL.
iv. The presence of weathered very soft tillite rock at variable depths was observed across the site. Rock was not encountered in inspection pits IP103, IP106, IP107 and IP111. v. All soils are highly erodible.
Foundation Recommendations (Discussed in Section 11.7 of Report)
Spread Footings Caissons Piled Foundation

It is recommended that all spread footing foundations be taken down through the fill, Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings and may be more Given the subsoil conditions on this site, the following pile types have been considered:
colluvial and residual soils and be placed on rock of at least 2MPa to 3MPa unconfined practical to use. The caissons must be taken into competent weathered rock of medium hard
compressive strength, where a net allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper investigation, where a maximum i. Pressure Grouted Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piles; and
applicable. For budgetary purposes only, rock is inferred from depths in the approximated allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will ii. Rotapiles.
range 0.0m and > 1.90m below EGL. It is further recommended that the footings be need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock.
anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock beneath footings. There is a risk of large boulders in the tillite environment. CFA piles may be difficult to
Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering install in areas where abundant large boulders are present, and thus are not recommended. A
Total settlement of footings placed on weathered tillite of this nature rock is likely to be less will be necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large detailed pile design must be carried out taking into account actual pile loads. The pile
than 10mm with differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement. boulders are present. installation must also be supervised to ensure that the piles are adequately founded.

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Table 12: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 2

PIPE BRIDGE 2
Exposure Photographs Inspection Pit Photographs

Plate 4 : Indicative view of EXP201 Plate 5: Indicative view of IP201 Plate 6: Indicative view of IP203

Fieldwork -The inspection pits were profiled in terms of the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, 2002)
Observed Depth Range of IPs from EGL
IP No. EXP No. Observed Depth of EXP from EGL (m) DCP / DPL No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) Groundwater Seepage
(m)
DC201 to DC208 0.20 (DC204 refers) to 2.30 (DC208 refers) Slight to strong groundwater seepage was observed at IP201,
IP201 to IP208 0.37 (IP204 refers) to 2.18 (IP208 refers) EXP201 0.34 DPL201 and IP202, 203, IP205, IP208 at depths in the range of 0.36m (IP201
0.90 and 2.40, respectively. refers) and 1.86 (IP208 refers)
DPL202
Ground / Subsurface Conditions -The site was observed to be colluvium, alluvium, residual tillite and weathered tillite rock of the Dwyka Group (Refer to Figure 3)
Excavation Characteristics
Geological Unit General Description Observed Depth Range from EGL (m)
Slightly moist to moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, slightly clayey fine to It is considered that Soft and Boulder excavations in terms of SANS 1200
Colluvium EGL to 0.85m (IP207 refers)
medium SAND can be anticipated to at least the depths of the field tests carried out. The
Alluvium Slightly moist to wet, medium brown/ loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND. EGL to 0.52m (IP202 refers) very soft and soft tillite rock observed in the inspection pits is likely to
Moist to wet, medium greyish brown, mottled orange/ medium orange brown/medium yellowish classify as Soft and Intermediate excavation. Boulder excavation classes
Residual Tillite EGL (IP201 refers) to 2.18m (IP208 refers)
brown, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY/sandy SILT are anticipated within alluvial and residual soils.
Dark orange grey/medium grey, stained orange/rusty brown, Highly to moderately weathered, highly Tillite rock was observed at depths in the range 0.39m (IP103 refers) to
Weathered Tillite Rock With depth, the tillite rock is likely to be less weathered with a
to moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock 1.04m (IP106 refers).
concomitant increase in strength, resulting in possibly Hard excavation.
Shallow Founding Conditions
i. Potentially collapsible alluvial and colluvial soils of low bearing capacity down to depths in the range 0.52m (IP202 refers) and 0.85 (IP207 refers) below EGL.
ii. The clayey residual tillite soils have firm to stiff consistencies down to depths in the range of approximately 0.78m (IP201 refers) to 2.18m (IP208) below EGL.
iii. The presence of weathered very soft to soft tillite rock at variable depths was observed across the site. Rock was not encountered in inspection pits IP204, IP205, IP207 and IP208. iv. All soils are highly erodible.
Foundation Recommendations (Discussed in Section 11.7 of Report)
Spread Footings Caissons Piled Foundation

It is recommended that all spread footing foundations be taken down through the colluvial, Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings and may be more
alluvial and residual soils and be placed on rock of at least 2MPa to 3MPa unconfined practical to use. The caissons must be taken into competent weathered rock of medium hard
Given the subsoil conditions on this site, the following pile type has been considered:
compressive strength, where a net allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper investigation, where a maximum
applicable. For budgetary purposes only, rock is inferred from depths in the approximated allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will
i. Rotapiles.
range 0.4m and 1.0m below EGL. It is further recommended that the footings be anchored to need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock.
the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock beneath the footing.
A detailed pile design must be carried out taking into account actual pile loads. The pile
Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering
installation must also be supervised to ensure that the piles are adequately founded.
Total settlement of footings placed on weathered tillite of this nature rock is likely to be less will be necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large
than 10mm with differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement. boulders are present.

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Table 13: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 3

PIPE BRIDGE 3
Exposure Photographs Inspection Pit Photographs

Plate 7 : Indicative view of EXP302 Plate 8: Indicative view of IP303 Plate 9: Indicative view of IP304

Fieldwork -The inspection pits and exposures were profiled in terms of the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, 2002)
Observed Depth Range in IPs from EGL
IP No. EXP No. Observed Depth of EXP from EGL (m) DCP / DPL No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) Groundwater Seepage
(m)
DC301 to DC308 0.40 (DC303 refers) to 1.80 (DC306 refers) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage was observed at IP303,
IP301 to IP308 0.51 (IP303 refers) to 1.58 (IP306 refers) EXP1 to EXP3 EGL to 0.42 (EXP301) DPL301 and IP304 and IP306 at depths in the range of 0.41m (IP303 refers) and
0.60 and 1.2, respectively 1.48 (IP306 refers)
DPL302
Ground / Subsurface Conditions -The site was observed to be fill materials, colluvium, alluvium, residual tillite and weathered tillite rock of the Dwyka Group (Refer to Figure 3)
Excavation Characteristics
Geological Unit General Description Observed Depth Range from EGL (m)
Slightly moist to moist, light greyish brown, loose, fine to medium grained, silty SAND with plastic
Fill EGL to 0.48 (IP301 refers) It is considered that Soft and Boulder excavations in terms of SANS 1200
waste.
can be anticipated to at least the depths of the field tests carried out. The
Colluvium Slightly moist to wet, medium brown/ loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND. EGL to 0.44 (IP306 refers)
very soft and soft tillite rock observed in the inspection pits is likely to
Alluvium Slightly moist to wet, light brown to medium brown, loose to medium dense, silty SAND EGL to 1.38 (IP304 refers)
classify as Soft and Intermediate excavation. Boulder excavation classes
Moist to wet, medium brown, speckled light orange/medium brownish orange, loose to medium
are anticipated within alluvial and residual soils.
Residual Tillite dense/firm to stiff, fine to medium grained. gravelly silty SAND/slightly gravelly sandy CLAY with 0.10 (IP303 refers) to 1.58 (IP306 refers)
traces of tillite fragments
With depth, the tillite rock is likely to be less weathered with a
Dark orange grey/medium grey, stained orange/rusty brown, Highly to moderately weathered, highly Tillite rock was observed at depths in the range 0.44 (IP303 refers) to
Weathered Tillite Rock concomitant increase in strength, resulting in possibly Hard excavation.
to moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock 1.14m (IP307 refers).
Shallow Founding Conditions
i. Potentially collapsible fill material, colluvial and alluvial soils of low bearing capacity down to depths in the range 0.10m (IP303 refers) and 1.38 (IP304 refers) below EGL.
ii. Loose to medium dense residual soils down to depths in the range of 0.72m (IP301 refers) and 0.89m (IP302 refers) below EGL
iii. The clayey residual tillite soils have firm to stiff consistencies down to depths in the range of approximately 0.44m (IP303 refers) to 1.14m (IP307) below EGL.
iv. The presence of weathered very soft to soft tillite rock at variable depths was observed across the site. Rock was not encountered in inspection pits IP304 and IP306. v. All soils are highly erodible.
Foundation Recommendations (Discussed in Section 11.7 of Report)
Spread Footings Caissons Piled Foundation

It is recommended that all spread footing foundations be taken down through the colluvial, Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings and may be more
alluvial and residual soils and be placed on rock of at least 2MPa to 3MPa unconfined practical to use. The caissons must be taken into competent weathered rock of medium hard
Given the subsoil conditions on this site, the following pile type has been considered:
compressive strength, where a net allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper investigation, where a maximum
applicable. It is further recommended that the footings be anchored to the rock by dowelling allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will
i. Rotapiles.
at least 2.0m into the rock beneath the footing. need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock.
A detailed pile design must be carried out taking into account actual pile loads. The pile
Total settlement of footings placed on weathered tillite of this nature rock is likely to be less Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering
installation must also be supervised to ensure that the piles are adequately founded.
than 10mm with differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement. will be necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large
boulders are present.

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Table 14: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 4

PIPE BRIDGE 4
Exposure Photographs Inspection Pit Photographs

Plate 10 : Indicative view of EXP401 Plate 11: Indicative view of IP407 Plate 12: Indicative view of IP4010

Fieldwork -The inspection pits and exposures were profiled in terms of the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, 2002)
Observed Depth Range of IPs from EGL
IP No. EXP No. Observed Depth of EXP from EGL (m) DCP / DPL No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) Groundwater Seepage
(m)
DC401 to DC4010 0.20 (DC405 refers) to 2.40 (DC408 refers) Slight to strong groundwater seepage was observed at IP403,
IP401 to IP4010 0.20 (IP403 refers) to 2.04 (IP408 refers) EXP401 & EXP402 EGL to 0.24 (EXP401) DPL401 and IP404, IP405, IP407 at depths in the range of 0.1m (IP403 refers)
0.60 and 1.50, respectively. and 1.42 (IP407 refers)
DPL402
Ground / Subsurface Conditions -The site was observed to be fill materials, colluvium, alluvium, residual tillite and weathered tillite rock of the Dwyka Group (Refer to Figure 3)
Excavation Characteristics
Geological Unit General Description Observed Depth Range from EGL (m)
Slightly moist to wet, medium brown/ loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND with It is considered that Soft and Boulder excavations in terms of SANS 1200
Alluvium EGL to 1.14 (IP406 refers)
abundant tillite boulders up to 0.23m. can be anticipated to at least the depths of the field tests carried out. The
Ferricrete Moist, dark grey, speckeld light grey, dense, fine to coarse grained, gravelly silty SAND 0.18 (IP4010 refers) to 0.55 (IP409 refers) very soft to soft tillite rock observed in the inspection pits is likely to
Moist to wet, medium grey, speckled light orange/dark yellowish orange, loose to medium dense, fine classify as Soft and Intermediate excavation. Boulder excavation classes
Residual tillite 0.26 (IP407 refers) to 2.04 (IP408 refers)
to medium grained, slightly clayey SAND/sandy silty CLAY are anticipated within alluvial and residual soils.
Medium grey, stained light yellow, highly to moderately weathered, fine grained, highly to Tillite rock was observed from EGL (EXP401 & EXP402 refer) to 0.37m
Weathered Tillite Rock With depth, the tillite rock is likely to be less weathered with a
moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock. (IP401 refers) below EGL.
concomitant increase in strength, resulting in possibly Hard excavation.
Shallow Founding Conditions
i. Highly compressible and collapsible alluvial soils of low bearing capacity down to depths in the range 0.26m (IP407 refers) and 1.14 (IP406 refers)
ii. Loose to medium dense residual soils down to depths in the range of 0.26m (IP407 refers) and 0.1.34m (IP407 refers)
iii. The clayey residual tillite soils have firm to stiff consistencies down to depths in the range of approximately 0.44m (IP303 refers) to 1.14m (IP307) below EGL.
iv. Weathered rock was not encountered at the majority of the positions investigated. Very soft to soft tillite rock was encountered at IP401, EXP401 and EXP402. v. All soils are highly erodible.
Foundation Recommendations (Discussed in Section 11.7 of Report)
Spread Footings Caissons Piled Foundation

It is recommended that all spread footing foundations be taken down through the alluvial Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings and may be more
and residual soils and be placed on rock of at least 2MPa to 3MPa unconfined compressive practical to use. The caissons must be taken into competent weathered rock of medium
Given the subsoil conditions on this site, the following pile type has been considered:
strength, where a net allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered applicable. It is hard rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper investigation, where a maximum
further recommended that the footings be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will
i. Rotapiles.
into the rock beneath the footing. need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock.
A detailed pile design must be carried out taking into account actual pile loads. The pile
Total settlement of footings placed on weathered tillite of this nature rock is likely to be less Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering
installation must also be supervised to ensure that the piles are adequately founded.
than 10mm with differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement. will be necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large
boulders are present.

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Table 15: Details of Fieldwork, Subsurface Conditions and Founding Recommendations for Pipe Bridge 5

PIPE BRIDGE 5
General View of the Site Inspection Pit Photographs

Plate 13 : General View of Pipe Bridge Crossing 5 Plate 14: Indicative view of IP502 Plate 15: Indicative view of IP507
Fieldwork -The inspection pits and exposures were profiled in terms of the South African Geoterminology Guidelines (Brink & Bruin, 2002)
IP No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) EXP No. Observed Depth from EGL (m) DCP / DPL No. Observed Depth Range from EGL (m) Groundwater Seepage
DC501 to DC509 0.20 (DC505 refers) to 2.10 (DC502 refers) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage was observed at IP502,
IP501 to IP509 0.31 (IP505 refers) to 1.00 (IP502 refers) None N/A DPL501 and IP503 and IP504 at depths in the range of 0.22m (IP503 refers) and
0.90 and 1.20, respectively. 0.56 (IP504 refers)
DPL502
Ground / Subsurface Conditions -The site was observed to be fill materials, colluvium, alluvium, residual tillite and weathered tillite rock of the Dwyka Group (Refer to Figure 3)
Excavation Characteristics
Geological Unit General Description Observed Depth Range from EGL (m)
Colluvium Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND EGL to 0.84 (IP501 refers) It is considered that Soft and Boulder excavations in terms of SANS 1200
Slightly moist to wet, light brown/medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty can be anticipated to at least the depths of the field tests carried out. The
Alluvium EGL to 1.00 (IP502 refers)
SAND very soft tillite rock observed in the inspection pits is likely to classify as
Slightly moist to moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, gravelly silty SAND/sandy CLAY Soft excavation. Boulder excavation classes are anticipated within
Residual tillite 0.19 (IP508 refers) to 0.74 (IP509 refers)
with abundant tillite fragments alluvial and residual soils.

Light grey, stained orange/light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to Tillite rock was observed from 0.26 (IP505 refers) to 0.84 (IP501 refers) With depth, the tillite rock is likely to be less weathered with a
Weathered Tillite Rock
moderately fractured, very soft rock below EGL. concomitant increase in strength, resulting in possibly Intermediate to
Hard excavation.
Shallow Founding Conditions
i. Highly compressible and collapsible colluvial and alluvial soils of low bearing capacity observed from EGL down to depths in the range of 0.19m (IP508 refers) and 1.00 (IP502 refers)
ii. Loose to medium dense residual soils observed from 0.19m (IP508 refers) down to a depth of 0.62m (IP508 refers) below EGL
iii. limited clayey residual tillite soils with firm to stiff consistencies down to a depth of 0.74m (IP509 refers) below EGL
iv. The presence of weathered tillite rock at variable depths was observed across the site. Rock was not encountered in inspection pits IP502 to IP504 and IP506. v. All soils are highly erodible.
Foundation Recommendations (Discussed in Section 11.7 of Report)
Spread Footings Caissons Piled Foundation

It is recommended that all spread footing foundations be taken down through the alluvial Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings and may be more
and residual soils and be placed on weathered rock of at least 2MPa to 3MPa unconfined practical to use. The caissons must be taken into competent weathered rock of medium
Given the subsoil conditions on this site, the following pile type has been considered:
compressive strength, where a net allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered hard rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper investigation, where a maximum
applicable. It is further recommended that the footings be anchored to the rock by dowelling allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will
i. Rotapiles.
at least 2.0m into the rock beneath the footing. need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the rock.
A detailed pile design must be carried out taking into account actual pile loads. The pile
Total settlement of footings placed on weathered tillite of this nature rock is likely to be less Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering
installation must also be supervised to ensure that the piles are adequately founded.
than 10mm with differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement. will be necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large
boulders are present.

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11.6 Anticipated Founding Conditions

The weathered tillite rock encountered beneath the highly erodible and loosely consolidated
alluvium, ferricrete and residual soils of low bearing capacities, is considered a suitable founding
horizon for the five proposed pipe bridge structures.

It is therefore recommended that the proposed bridge foundations be advanced through the soil
cover and established in suitable tillite rock.

Rock was not encountered in IP103, IP106, IP107, IP111, IP204, IP205, IP207, IP208, IP304,
IP306, IP401, IP 402 to IP410, IP502 to IP504 and IP506.

As a guide for budgetary purposes only, depths to weathered rock, where observed at each of the
five pipe bridge sites, are set down above in Section 8, Table 7.

Alluvial boulders were observed at pipe bridge sites 2, 4 and 5 up to 0.54m in size (pipe bridge 5
refers). It is considered that there is a risk of encountering boulders of variable size and densities at
each of the pipe bridge sites investigated.

Shallow seepage of variable (slight to strong) intensities has been identified at each of the sites
investigated (Section 9, Table 8 refers). Given the river localities, there is a high risk of problematic
groundwater activity. Accordingly, it is considered important that efforts to mitigate this risk during
construction should be taken.

Temporary support for excavation sidewalls and de-watering will be required. Consideration
should be given to the creation of a low dam or coffer dam around the foundation construction, so
that the sites can be de-watered and construction may proceed in relatively dry conditions.

11.7 Foundation Recommendations

All foundation loads (SLS of 200kN per pier and abutment confirmed with Geosure) will need to be
transferred to suitable tillite rock.

Based on the founding conditions identified, the following foundation types can be considered:

i. Spread Footings;
ii. Caissons; and
iii. Piled Foundations.

11.7.1 Spread Footings

Due to the shallow depths to rock at portions of each of the bridge pipe sites (Section 8, Table 7
refers), it will be possible to employ conventional spread footings that can be taken down into the
competent rock horizon, provided that water inflow and potential collapse of the excavation
sidewalls can be dealt with. Temporary lateral support or shoring for sidewalls of the excavation,
dewatering measures and controls must also be implemented due to the observed flow intensity of
the river.

The footings must be taken into competent rock of at least very soft to soft rock strength with an
unconfined compressive strength of 2MPa to 3MPa to support the bearing pressures of the piers and
abutments.

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The exposed rock observed during the fieldwork exercise varied between very soft rock to soft rock,
where a maximum allowable bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 for very soft rock, to 500kN/m2 for soft
rock is considered applicable.

It is further recommended that the footings be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into
slightly weathered rock of at least medium hard rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper
investigation, beneath the footing. The number and diameter of dowels required per footing must be
sufficient to resist uplift forces. The length of the dowels should be increased where required.

Care must be taken to remove loose slabs of rock from the excavation. Blasting of foundation
excavations may result in unstable fragments of rock which may need to be grouted to promote the
integrity of the excavation. Over-blast may loosen rock fragments below the foundation.

Settlement of such footings should be less than 5mm provided the concrete is cast directly onto
clean competent rock. It is recommended that all foundation excavations be inspected and
approved by Geosure prior to blinding and casting concrete.

11.7.2 Caissons

Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings. The caissons must be taken
into competent rock of at least medium hard rock strength, at depths confirmed by further deeper
investigation, where a maximum allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to 1000kN/m2 is
considered applicable and will need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at least 2.0m into the
rock, as discussed in Section 11.7.1 above. Alternatively, caissons should be well socketed into the
competent rock.

Use of caissons could avoid the need for lateral support, but it is considered that dewatering will be
necessary. Caissons may be difficult to install in areas where abundant large boulders are present.

It is recommended that all foundation excavations be inspected and approved by Geosure before
blinding and casting concrete.

11.7.3 Piled Foundations

All foundation loads will need to be designed to act in end-bearing, socketed in the underlying
competent rock.

Piles are required to penetrate boulder layers and must penetrate to sufficient depth into the rock to
sustain tensile or bending loads. This is a critical aspect if some piles are to act in tension caused by
debris and hydraulic loads on the bridge structure. In addition, the aspect of scour of the soils
would require piles to be socketed into the rock.

Taking the above into, the following pile types are considered suitable:

i. CFA Piles;
ii. Oscillator Piles; or
iii. Rotapiles (formed using down the hole hammer rock drilling techniques).

CFA piles are generally difficult to install in areas where abundant large boulders are present. In
this regard, each of the five pipe bridge sites are located in tillite and waterborne environments
where it is considered that there is a high risk of encountering boulders of variable sizes and
densities. As such, the use of CFA piles is not recommended.

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Oscillator piles are generally used for large river bridges and are only economical when used under
heavily loaded structures and is considered less practical than Rotapiles for the five bridge sites and
hence is not discussed further. Various Rotapile diameters and loads are given in Table 16 below.

Table 16: Details for Rotapiles

Pile Diameter Typical Working Load in kN Maximum

(Lined) 6 MPa Shaft Stress 8 MPa Shaft Stress *10 MPa Shaft Stress Rake
255 300 400 500 1:4
305 450 600 750 1:4
355 600 800 1000 1:8
406 800 1000 1300 1:8
457 1000 1300 1650 1:8

* - Working Loads calculated using a shaft stress of 10MPa or in excess thereof can be considered when socketed into
hard rock with a permanent liner.

Larger pile diameters of up to 600mm are also available for Rotapiles.

The following should be considered when using rotapiles:

i. A permanent lining is recommended in order to protect the wet concrete/grout of the pile shaft
from the strong flow of groundwater.

ii. Permanent casings can be installed in lengths of up to 6m.

iii. Grout should be used in piles using tremie techniques as concrete is considered unsuitable
considering the groundwater regime.

iv. Consideration will need to be given to the correct selection of an appropriate pile size for the
rotapile as slender pile sizes may be prone to buckling effects and will need to be carefully
considered.

Piles will need to be socketed into competent rock. Penetration into the rock will depend on the
hardness of the rock and fracture frequency. Consideration should be given to socketing piles into
rock by at least 3 to 5 pile diameters into competent rock. Piles lengths should not be less than 5m.

For the above pile types founded within the rock, it is anticipated that the maximum settlement will
be less than 10mm. The need to install piles at raked angles to counteract horizontal loads will need
to be determined from the hydraulic and structural analysis.

A detailed pile design will need to be carried out by the contractor. This design should be
submitted to Geosure for comment.

11.7.4 Pile Integrity Testing

Quality assurance tests should be carried out on all pile shafts by sonic techniques or by coring. The
sonic integrity tests are quality assurance tests that assess the structural integrity of the pile shaft for
defects such as voids or cracks and should be carried out and interpreted by an independent
specialist consultant and not by the piling contractor. The following should be considered:

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i. Measurement and interpretation of response to axial shock waves over a pre-determined band-
width; Sonic impact tests involve propagating a sonic wave down the pile via a sonic hammer
and receiving reflected waves by a transducer. These tests can be carried out relatively
quickly on cured piles provided the pile heads are trimmed and prepared for testing and
should be carried out on all the piles.

ii. Logging of sonic velocity in concrete between longitudinal parallel tubes cast into the pile
shaft; Sonic coring tests involve the lowering a sonic wave transmitter and receiver down
tubes (typically 3 or 4 tubes per pile) which are installed in the pile shaft during construction
of the pile. This is considered a better method of pile integrity testing, however the
practicality of carrying out such tests will need to be discussed with the pile designer and will
depend on the pile diameter.

Consideration should also be given to static load tests although budget and time frames may be
negatively affected by these tests.

11.7.5 Geotechnical Supervision

Due to the challenging and variable geotechnical conditions encountered on site, it is recommended
that adequate supervision by Geosure be allowed for during construction of the piles. This is to
ensure that piles are properly socketed into rock and not into alluvial boulders.

11.8 General Drainage and Erosion Controls

One of the critical factors in the stable development of the site is the control and removal of both
surface and groundwater from the site.

The soils observed on site are considered susceptible to rapid erosion due to uncontrolled /
channelled runoff. As such, it is imperative that earthworks and drainage measures be designed in
such a way as to prevent ponding of, or high concentrations of, stormwater or groundwater
anywhere on the site, both during and after the development.

Terraces should be shaped to a gradient to prevent water ponding on the surface and should be
graded to direct water away from the proposed development.

Allowance should be made for subsoil drainage and suitable temporary dewatering measures to
cater for groundwater activity encountered during construction across the site.

It is recommended that contingencies be made in the Bill of Quantities to allow for the above
measures.

11.9 Deep Geotechnical Investigation

This report sets down the findings and recommendations arising from a geotechnical investigation
comprising mapping of rock outcrop, inspection pits by hand implements, DCP and DPL testing,
and laboratory testing of disturbed soil samples retrieved from the inspection pits.

Rock was not encountered at the following positions profiled:

Pipe Bridge 1: IP103, IP106, IP107, IP111

Pipe Bridge 2: IP204, IP205, IP207 and IP208

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Pipe Bridge 3: P304 and IP306

Pipe Bridge 4: IP401, IP 402 to IP410
Pipe Bridge 5: IP502 to IP504 and IP506.

A deeper geotechnical investigation, therefore, is advised to confirm parameters of rock levels and
unconfined compressive strengths to inform detailed analysis and design of the foundation types
established at each of the five pipe bridge sites.

Investigation of the re-aligned crossing of Pipe Bridge 1 is also recommended.

The additional geotechnical investigation should cater for rotary core borehole drilling with
allowance for standard penetration tests and unconfined compressive strength testing on suitable
rock core.

12. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

i. This report details the results of a Shallow Geotechnical Investigation of sites for the
proposed Pipe Bridges 1 to 5 which form part of the proposed Southern Regional Bulk Water
and Sanitation Scheme within Etete, iLembe District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, and
referred to in this report as the site.

ii. Inferring from the field investigation, the site was observed to be underlain by fill materials,
colluvium, alluvial soils and boulders, ferricrete, residual soils and weathered tillite rock.
Further details in this respect are set down in Section 8 of this report.

Shallow groundwater seepage activity of slight to strong intensities is anticipated taking into
consideration that construction will be taking place in a river setting. Therefore, consideration
should be given to carrying out construction during the relatively lower rainfall winter
months. Temporary support for excavation sidewalls and de-watering will be required.
Consideration should be given to the creation of a low dams or coffer dams around the
foundation construction, so that the sites can be de-watered or the water levels controlled and
construction can proceed largely in the dry.

iii. “Soft” to “Hard” (including Boulder Class) excavations in terms of SANS 1200 can be
expected. Further details in this regard are given in Sections 11.3 and 11.5 of this report.

iv. All foundation loads will need to be designed to act in end-bearing, socketed in suitable rock.

v. It is recommended that, where practically feasible, footing foundations be founded in tillite

rock with unconfined compressive strengths of at least 2MPa to 3 MPa, where a net allowable
bearing pressure of 250kN/m2 is considered applicable.

vi. Caissons may be considered as an alternative to the spread footings. The caissons must be
taken into competent rock of at least medium hard rock strength, at depths confirmed by
further deeper investigation, where a maximum allowable bearing pressure of 750kN/m2 to
1000kN/m2 is considered applicable and will need to be anchored to the rock by dowelling at
least 2.0m into the rock

vii. Total approximate settlement of caisson and footing foundations placed on to medium hard
and very soft to soft rock is likely to be less than 5mm and 10mm, respectively, with
differential settlement taken as 50% of total settlement.

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viii. Should spread footings or caisson foundations not be considered feasible arising from
geological variations resulting in deep levels to suitable rock from what was encountered
during the current field investigation, piled foundations should be considered.

ix. Section 11.9 of this report outlines the extent of a deeper additional geotechnical investigation
recommended to confirm parameters to inform detailed analysis and design of foundations at
each of the five pipe bridge sites. Investigation of the re-aligned crossing of Pipe Bridge 1 is
also recommended.

x. The ground conditions given in this report refer specifically to the field tests carried out on
site. Conditions at variance with those given in this report could be encountered on site
during construction. It is therefore important that Geosure be appointed to carry out periodic
inspections during construction. Any change from the anticipated ground conditions should
be detected and appropriate action taken at the earliest opportunity to avoid unnecessary
expense.

13. LIMITATIONS
The conclusions, recommendations and discussions presented in this report are (1) based upon an
evaluation and interpretation of the findings of the field and laboratory programs, (2) based upon an
interpolation of subsurface conditions between and beyond the explorations, (3) subject to
confirmation of the actual conditions encountered during construction, and (4) based upon the
assumption that sufficient observation and testing will be provided by Geosure during construction.

The conclusions in this report are based on interpolation and extrapolation of subsurface conditions
encountered at the field test locations. The actual subsurface conditions at unexplored locations
may be different.

Consequently, the findings and recommendations in this report may require re-evaluation if
subsurface conditions different than stated herein are encountered. Inherent in most projects
performed in the heterogeneous subsurface environment, continuing subsurface investigations and
analyses may reveal conditions that are different than those presented herein. This facet of the
geotechnical profession should be considered when formulating professional opinions on the
limited data collected on this project.

The findings and recommendations contained in this report were developed in accordance with
generally accepted current professional principles and practice ordinarily exercised, under similar
circumstances, by geotechnical engineers and geologists practicing in this locality. No other
warranty, express or implied, is made.

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. Bowles, J. E. (1997). Foundation Analysis and Design (Fifth ed.). McGraw Hill.

ii. Brink, A. B., & Bruin, R. M. (2002). Guidelines for Soil and Rock Logging in South Africa. Proceedings of
the Geoterminology Workshop (p. 47). Association of Engineering Geologists, South African Institute Civil
Engineering - Geotechnical Division, and South Africa Institute for Engineering and Environmental
Geologists.

iii. British Standards Institution, 2009. BS 6031 - Code of Practice for Earthworks. In: s.l.:s.n.

iv. Committee of Land Transport Officials COLTO. (1998). Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works
for State Road Authorities. Lyttelton: South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE).

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

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v. Council for Geoscience. (1988). Sheet 2930 Durban. 1 : 250 000 Geological Series. KwaZulu Natal, South
Africa: Council for Geoscience.

vi. G.Byrne, Dr. N. Chang & Dr V. Raju (2019). A Guide to Pratical Geotechnical Engineering in Africa. Franki.

i. Google Earth. (2023). Retrieved July 3, 2023, from www.googlearth.com.

vii. South African Bureau of Standards. (1990). SANS 1200 DA - Standardised Specification for Civil Engineering
Construction - Earthworks (Small Works). South African Bureau of Standards.

viii. South African Department of Labour. (1991). Occupational Health and Safety Amendment Act, No. 181 of
1993. Department of Labour - South Africa z

ix. South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE). (2010). Site Investigation Code of Practice. South
Africa.

Geosure (Pty) Ltd www.geosure.co.za 093-23.R01

FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX A

FIGURE 1 – REGIONAL AND LOCAL

CONTEXT OF SITE

FIGURE 2 – PIPE BRIDGE 1

FIGURE 3 – PIPE BRIDGE 2

FIGURE 4 – PIPE BRIDGE 3

FIGURE 5 – PIPE BRIDGE 4

FIGURE 6 – PIPE BRIDGE 5

FIGURE 7 – GEOLOGICAL PLAN

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
 Plan 1: Aerial View of Site – Regional Plan

Grootville

R102

Honolulu

PIPE BRIDGE 2
PIPE BRIDGE 4
PIPE BRIDGE 1

PIPE BRIDGE 3

PIPE BRIDGE 5

Etete

Royal Palm Estates

N2

Plan 2: Aerial View of Site – Locality Plan

PIPE BRIDGE 1
PIPE BRIDGE 2

PIPE BRIDGE 3

PIPE BRIDGE 5

PIPE BRIDGE 4

DATE
Ensync Engineers 25-07-2023
Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed Crossings DRAWN
V.G
of Pipe Bridges 1-5, Etete, KwaZulu Natal CHECK
F.S
GEOSURE (PTY) LTD REFERENCE No.

Consulting Engineering Geologists, Geotechnical Engineers, Geotechnicians 093-23

and Geotechnical Quality Assurance Specialists
P.O. BOX 1461 Westville, 3630, 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park
Tel: +27 031 266 0458, Fax: +27 086 689 5506, Cell: 082 784 0544
Figure 1
 Extract from Geological Map 2930 Durban

O-Sn
C-Pd

C-Pd

Jd
Pp

DATE
Ensync Engineers 23-06-2023
Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed Crossings DRAWN
V.G
of Pipe Bridges 1-5, Etete, KwaZulu Natal CHECK
F.S
GEOSURE (PTY) LTD REFERENCE No.

Consulting Engineering Geologists, Geotechnical Engineers, 093-23

and Geotechnical Quality Assurance Specialists
Geotechnicians
P.O. BOX 1461 Westville, 3630, 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park
Tel: +27 031 266 0458, Fax: +27 086 689 5506, Cell: 082 784
0544
Figure 7
FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX B

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE AND

SELECT INSPECTION PITS

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
 Site Photographs

PIPE BRIDGE 1
Photograph 1: General view of site Photograph 2: General view of site Photograph 3: IP2

PIPE BRIDGE 2
Photograph 4: General view of site Photograph 5: General view of site Photograph 6: IP1

PIPE BRIDGE 3
Photograph 7: General view of site Photograph 8: General view of site Photograph 9: IP3

DATE
Ensync Engineers 23-06-2023
DRAWN
Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed Crossings V.G
of Pipe Bridges 1-5, Etete, KwaZulu Natal CHECK
F.S
GEOSURE (PTY) LTD REFERENCE No.

Consulting Engineering Geologists, Geotechnical Engineers, Geotechnicians

093-23
and Geotechnical Quality Assurance Specialists
P.O. BOX 1461 Westville, 3630, 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park
Tel: +27 031 266 0458, Fax: +27 086 689 5506, Cell: 082 784 0544 Appendix B
 Site Photographs

PIPE BRIDGE 4
Photograph 10: General view of site Photograph 11: General view of site Photograph 12: IP10

PIPE BRIDGE 5
Photograph 13: General view of site Photograph 14: General view of site Photograph 15: IP5

DATE
Ensync Engineers 23-06-2023
DRAWN
Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed Crossings V.G
of Pipe Bridges 1-5, Etete, KwaZulu Natal CHECK
F.S
GEOSURE (PTY) LTD REFERENCE No.

Consulting Engineering Geologists, Geotechnical Engineers, Geotechnicians

093-23
and Geotechnical Quality Assurance Specialists
P.O. BOX 1461 Westville, 3630, 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park
Tel: +27 031 266 0458, Fax: +27 086 689 5506, Cell: 082 784 0544 Appendix B
FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX C

INSPECTION PIT AND EXPOSURE

PROFILES

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP101
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, dark brownish grey, firm to stiff, sandy CLAY, with pieces of steel wire. FILL.

0.79
Slightly moist to moist, dark brown mottled dark yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty
CLAY. Residual Tillite.

1.12
Light yellow orange highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.
1.25

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 1.25m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245685 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417344 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP101
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:51
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP102
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark yellowish brown, firm to stiff, sandy CLAY, with tillite and
builder's rubble. FILL.

0.63
Light yellowish grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.

0.94

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.94m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245743 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417339 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP102
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP103
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark brownish grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy SILT, with fine roots.
Colluvium.

0.01--0.96

0.96
Moist, dark brownish grey mottled dark orange, firm to stiff, intact, clayey sandy SILT.
Residual Tillite.

0.96--1.70

1.70

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Samples taken at:

S1 0,01--0,96 (1 x Ind)
S2 0,96--1,70 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 1.70m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.205804 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417341 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP103
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP104
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, clayey
SAND, with fine roots. Colluvium.

0.65
Slightly moist to moist, medium brown mottled dark yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY.
Residual Tillite.

1.14
Light yellowish grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.
1.28

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 1.28m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245870 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417344 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP104
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP105
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, clayey
SAND, with fine roots. Colluvium.

0.58
Slightly moist to moist, medium brown mottled dark yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY.
Residual Tillite.

1.02
Light yellowish grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.
1.18

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 1.18m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245922 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417344 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP105
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP106
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brownish grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium
grained, clayey SAND. Colluvium.

0.49
Moist to wet, medium brownish orange mottled dark yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY.
Residual Tillite.

0.74m

0.86

NOTES

1) Moderate groundwater seepage observed at 0.74m.

2) Refusal depth at 0.86m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245941 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417343 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP106
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP107
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark grey orange and light grey, firm to stiff, sandy CLAY, with large
fragments of tillite. FILL.

0.71

0.71--0.90 Moist to wet, dark brown mottled dark orange, firm to stiff, intact, slightly clayey SAND.
0.84m Residual Tillite.
0.90

NOTES

1) Moderate groundwater seepage observed at 0.84m.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,71--0,90 (1 x Ind)

3) Final depth at 0.90m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245998 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417347 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP107
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP108
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, clayey
SAND, with fine roots. Colluvium.
0.17
Light yellowish grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.

0.58

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.58m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.246058 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417340 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP108
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP109
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, clayey
SAND, with fine roots. Colluvium.

0.29
Light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.

0.68

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.68m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.246118 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417341 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP109
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP1010
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY. Colluvium.

0.32
0.32--0.48 Moist, dark grey mottled yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY. Residual
Tillite.
0.48
Light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.

0.77

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,32--0,48 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 0.77m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.246180 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417344 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP1010
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP1011
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY. Colluvium.

0.38
Moist, dark grey mottled yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY. Residual
Tillite.

0.38--1.90

1.90

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Sample taken at:

S1 0,38--1,90 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 1.90m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.246239 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417342 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP1011
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP1012
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, dark grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY. Colluvium.

0.36
Slightly moist to moist, dark yellow and dark grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY. Residual
Tillite.

0.64
Light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.

0.92

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.92m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.246340 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417344 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: IP1012
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP101
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 1 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Light to medium grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.

0.62

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.62m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : - DIAM : X-COORD : 31.245960 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 16 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417360 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 16 May 2023
HOLE No: EXP101
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:50
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS1.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP201
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Moist to wet, medium greyish brown mottled orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY.
Residual Tillite.

0.36m
0.01--0.78

0.78
Dark orange grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very soft
rock. TILLITE.
0.89

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.36m.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,01--0,78 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 0.89m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231002 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417949 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP201
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP202
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Moist to wet, medium brown, loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND. Alluvium.

0.01--0.52

0.50m
0.52
Medium grey stained orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately
fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.57

NOTES

1) Slight to moderate groundwater seepage observed at 0.50m.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,01--0,52 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 0.57m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231056 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417961 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP202
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP203
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Moist to wet, medium brown, loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND. Alluvium.

0.38m 0.39
Medium grey stained orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately
fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.43

NOTES

1) Slight groundwater seepage observed at 0.38m.

2) Refusal depth at 0.43m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231116 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417977 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP203
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP204
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND,
with abundant tillite boulders up to 0.34m in diameter. Alluvium.

0.37

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.37m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231157 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.417988 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP204
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP205
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium SAND,
with abundant tillite boulders up to 0.34m in diameter. Alluvium.

0.31
Moist to wet, medium greyish brown mottled orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY.
Residual Tillite.

0.62m

0.80

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.62m.

2) Final depth at 0.80m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231201 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418001 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP205
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP206
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, slightly clayey fine
to medium SAND, with abundant fine roots. Colluvium.

0.49
Moist, medium orange brown mottled light grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY, with
traces of tillite boulders up to 0.27m in diameter. Residual Tillite.

0.49--1.04

1.04
Medium orange grey, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft rock. TILLITE.
1.13

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,49--1,04 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 1.13m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231265 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418017 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP206
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP207
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, slightly clayey fine
to medium SAND, with abundant fine roots. Colluvium.

0.85
Moist, medium orange mottled yellow and speckled dark grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy
SILT. Residual Tillite.

0.85--2.00

2.00

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Sample taken at:

S1 0,85--2,00 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 2.00m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231326 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418035 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP207
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP208
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, silty fine to medium
SAND. Colluvium.

0.01--0.67

0.67
Moist to wet, medium yellowish brown mottled orange, firm to stiff, intact, sandy SILT.
Residual Tillite.

0.67--2.18

1.86m

2.18

NOTES

1) Slight to moderate groundwater seepage observed at 1.86m.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Samples taken at:

S1 0,01--0,67 (1 x Ind)
S2 0,67--2,18 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 2.18m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231395 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418060 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: IP208
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 10:07
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP201
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Pipe Bridge 2 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Medium grey stained yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to
moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.

0.29

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.29m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : - DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231713 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 02 June 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418406 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 05 June 2023
HOLE No: EXP201
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS2.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP301
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light greyish brown, loose, fine to medium grained, silty SAND, with
pieces of plastic. FILL.

0.48
Moist, medium brown speckled light orange, loose to medium dense, fine to medium
grained, gravelly silty SAND, with traces of tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.72
Light greyish yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.89

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.89m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231454 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418830 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP301
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP302
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND. Alluvium.

0.34
Moist, medium brown speckled light orange, loose to medium dense, fine to medium
grained, gravelly silty SAND, with traces of tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.89
Light greyish yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.96

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.96m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231484 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418774 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP302
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP303
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose, fine to medium grained, silty SAND. Alluvium.
0.10
Moist to wet, medium brownish orange, firm to stiff, intact, slightly gravelly sandy CLAY,
0.10--0.44 with traces of tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.41m
0.44
Light greyish yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.50

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.41m.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,10--0,44 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 0.50m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231512 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418724 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP303
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP304
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium
grained, silty SAND. Alluvium.

0.24
Moist to wet, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.

0.24--1.38

1.28m

1.38

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 1.28m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,24--1,38 (1 x Ind)

5) Final depth at 1.38m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231667 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418470 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP304
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP305
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light to medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium
grained, silty SAND. Alluvium.

0.01--1.06

1.06
Light greyish yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured, very
soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
1.20

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,01--1,06 (1 x Ind)

5) Refusal depth at 1.20m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231741 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418368 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP305
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP306
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light greyish brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND. Colluvium.

0.44
Moist to wet, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, clayey sandy SILT. Residual Tillite.

0.44--1.58

1.48m

1.58

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 1.48m.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Sample taken at:

S1 0,44--1,58 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 1.58m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231775 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418308 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP306
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP307
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY. Colluvium.

0.26
Moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, slightly gravelly sandy SILT, with traces of
tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.26--1.14

1.14
Light grey stained yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.
1.24

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,26--1,14 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 1.24m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231810 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418253 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP307
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP308
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, firm to stiff, intact, sandy CLAY, with fine roots.
Colluvium.

0.23
Moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, slightly gravelly sandy CLAY, with traces of
tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.97
Light grey stained yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.

1.24

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 1.24m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231848 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418188 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: IP308
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP301
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Medium grey stained light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to
moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.

0.42

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.42m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231559 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418654 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: EXP301
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP302
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 3 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Medium grey stained yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to
moderately fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.

0.26

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.26m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : - DIAM : X-COORD : 31.231614 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 25 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.418565 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 26 May 2023
HOLE No: EXP302
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:52
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS3.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP401
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.

0.37
Medium grey stained light yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately
fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.
0.56

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.56m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232095 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.420075 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP401
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP402
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND,
with traces of large tillite boulders. Alluvium.

0.62

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.62m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232148 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.420048 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP402
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP403
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
Moist to wet, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty SAND.
0.10m 1:15
0.01--0.20
Alluvium.
0.20

NOTES

1) Strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.10m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,01--0,20 (1 x Ind)

5) Final depth at 0.20m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232201 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.420018 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP403
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP404
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Moist to wet, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty SAND.
0.15m Alluvium.

0.26

NOTES

1) Strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.15m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Final depth at 0.26m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232313 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419947 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP404
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP405
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Moist to wet, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.

0.26m
0.29

NOTES

1) Strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.26m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Final depth at 0.29m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232372 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419917 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP405
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP406
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.

0.41
Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty
SAND, with abundant tillite boulders up to 0.23m in diameter. Alluvium.

0.41--1.14

1.14

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,41--1,14 (1 x Ind)

5) Refusal depth at 1.14m on boulders.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232453 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419884 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP406
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP407
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light greyish brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND. Alluvium.

0.26
Moist, medium grey speckled light orange, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
slightly clayey SAND, with traces of tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.26--1.34

1.34
1.42m Moist to wet, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite.

1.62

NOTES

1) Slight groundwater seepage observed at 1.42m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.20m.

5) Sample taken at:

S1 0,26--1,34 (1 x Ind)

6) Refusal depth at 1.62m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232509 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419862 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP407
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP408
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.

0.93
Moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, clayey sandy SILT. Residual Tillite.

0.93--2.04

2.04

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Sample taken at:

S1 0,93--2,04 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 2.04m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232571 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419837 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP408
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP409
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.

0.32
Moist, dark grey speckled light grey, dense, fine to coarse grained, gravelly silty SAND.
Ferricrete.

0.55
Moist, dark orange yellow, firm to stiff, intact, sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite.

0.55--1.62

1.62

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Inspection pit extended using hand auger from 1.50m.

3) Sample taken at:

S1 0,55--1,62 (1 x Ind)

4) Refusal depth at 1.62m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232640 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419805 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP409
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP4010
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.
0.18
Moist, dark grey speckled light grey, dense, fine to coarse grained, gravelly silty SAND.
Ferricrete.

0.51
Moist, dark orange yellow, firm to stiff, intact, clayey sandy SILT. Residual Tillite.

0.51--1.69

1.69

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,51--1,69 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 1.69m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232699 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419773 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: IP4010
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP401
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Medium grey stained rusty orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately
fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.

0.24

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.24m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : - DIAM : X-COORD : 31.232409 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419892 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: EXP401
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: EXP402
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 4 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Medium grey stained light yellow, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately
fractured, very soft to soft rock. TILLITE.

0.23

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Final depth at 0.23m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : - DIAM : X-COORD : -
DRILLED BY : DATE : 29 May 2023 Y-COORD : -
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 30 May 2023
HOLE No: EXP402
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 01/08/23 08:53
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS4.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP501
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND, with abundant fine roots. Colluvium.

0.01--0.84

0.84
Light grey stained orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.
0.91

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,01--0,84 (1 x Ind)

5) Refusal depth at 0.91m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233880 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419999 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP501
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP502
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.

0.26
Moist to wet, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.

0.26--1.00

0.92m
1.00

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.92m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,26--1,00 (1 x Ind)

5) Final depth at 1.00m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233839 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419958 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP502
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP503
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.
0.22m 0.20
Moist to wet, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Alluvium.
0.32

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.22m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Final depth at 0.32m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233790 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419909 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP503
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP504
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.

0.23
Moist to wet, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, slightly silty
SAND. Alluvium.
0.23--0.69

0.56m

0.69

NOTES

1) Moderate to strong groundwater seepage observed at 0.56m.

2) Collapsing sidewalls observed.

3) Potentially unstable sidewalls.

4) Sample taken at:

S1 0,23--0,69 (1 x Ind)

5) Final depth at 0.69m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233721 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419845 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP504
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP505
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, light brown, loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, silty
SAND. Alluvium.

0.26
Light grey stained orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.
0.31

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.31m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233663 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419782 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP505
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP506
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND, with abundant tillite boulders up to 0.54m in diameter. Alluvium.

0.76

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.76m on abundance of boulders.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233618 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419730 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP506
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP507
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist to moist, medium brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained,
silty SAND, with abundant tillite boulders up to 0.54m in diameter. Alluvium.

0.24
Light grey stained orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.

0.49

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.49m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233573 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29*.419679 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP507
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP508
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium grey, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty SAND.
Colluvium.
0.19
Slightly moist to moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, gravelly silty SAND, with
abundant tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.
0.19--0.62

0.62
Light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.
0.77

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Sample taken at:

S1 0,19--0,62 (1 x Ind)

3) Refusal depth at 0.77m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233523 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419632 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP508
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
 Geotechnical, Environmental &
Groundwater Engineering ENsync Engineers HOLE No: IP509
Pile Integrity Testing & Civil Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Sheet 1 of 1
Engineering Laboratory
Etete, KwaZulu Natal
P O Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa Bridge 5 JOB NUMBER: 093-23
Tel: (031) 266-0458 Fax: 086 689-5506
email: geosure@ iafrica.com www.geosure.co.za

Scale 0.00
1:15 Slightly moist, medium greyish brown, loose to medium dense, fine to medium grained, silty
SAND. Colluvium.

0.24
Slightly moist to moist, dark yellowish orange, firm to stiff, intact, gravelly sandy CLAY, with
abundant tillite fragments. Residual Tillite.

0.74
Light yellowish orange, highly to moderately weathered, highly to moderately fractured,
very soft rock. TILLITE.
0.82

NOTES

1) No groundwater seepage observed.

2) Refusal depth at 0.82m.

CONTRACTOR : INCLINATION : ELEVATION : -

MACHINE : By hand DIAM : X-COORD : 31.233478 E
DRILLED BY : DATE : 30 May 2023 Y-COORD : 29.419589 S
PROFILED BY : E. Dada Mia DATE : 01 June 2023
HOLE No: IP509
TYPE SET BY : K.Kistasamy DATE : 28/07/23 09:57
SETUP FILE : STANDARD.SET TEXT : ..C:\LOGS\PITS5.TXT
D069 Geosure (Pty) Ltd dotPLOT 6008 PBp
FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX D

RESULTS OF DYNAMIC CONE

PENETROMETER TESTS

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 101

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.2 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.3 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.4 3 Soft 25 kPa 5 -0.5
0.5 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.8 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
-1
0.9 14 Stiff 115 kPa 25
1 23 Very Stiff >150 kPa 44
1.1 24 Very Stiff >150 kPa 47
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (1)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 102

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.2 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.3 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
0.4 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15 -0.5
0.5 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.6 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
0.7 25 Very Dense 38 deg 49
0.8 21 Dense 38 deg 40
-1
0.9 27 Very Dense >38 deg 54
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (2)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 103

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Soft <20 kPa 2
0.2 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.3 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.4 3 Soft 25 kPa 5 -0.5
0.5 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.8 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
-1
0.9 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.1 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.2 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1.3 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19 -1.5
1.4 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1.5 16 Stiff 130 kPa 29
1.6 17 Stiff 140 kPa 31
Depth (m)

1.7 16 Stiff 130 kPa 29

1.8 36 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55 -2
Refusal

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (3)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 104

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.8 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
-1
0.9 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.1 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.2 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1.3 23 Dense 38 deg 44 -1.5
1.4 19 Dense 37 deg 35
1.5 12 Dense 36 deg 21
1.6 19 Dense 37 deg 35
Depth (m)

1.7 32 Very Dense >38 deg >55

Refusal -2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (4)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 105

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.8 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
-1
0.9 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1 26 Very Stiff >150 kPa 51
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (5)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 106

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
0.8 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
-1
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (6)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 107

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.6 31 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (7)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 108

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
0.3 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
0.4 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14 -0.5
0.5 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
0.6 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
0.7 14 Dense 37 deg 25
0.8 19 Dense 37 deg 35
-1
0.9 28 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (8)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 109

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8 -0.5
0.5 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.6 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17
0.7 14 Dense 37 deg 25
0.8 18 Dense 37 deg 33
-1
0.9 34 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (9)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 1010

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Soft <20 kPa 2
0.2 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.3 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
0.4 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -0.5
0.5 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.6 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.7 12 Dense 36 deg 21
0.8 14 Dense 37 deg 25
-1
0.9 20 Dense 38 deg 37
1 27 Very Dense >38 deg 54
1.1 30 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (10)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 1011

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.2 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
0.3 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.4 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15 -0.5
0.5 16 Stiff 130 kPa 29
0.6 21 Very Stiff >150 kPa 40
0.7 31 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
0.8 32 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
-1
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (11)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 1012

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.2 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.3 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
0.4 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -0.5
0.5 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.6 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
0.7 16 Dense 37 deg 29
0.8 13 Dense 37 deg 23
-1
0.9 14 Dense 37 deg 25
1 30 Very Dense >38 deg >55
1.1 30 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 5\DCP (12)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 201

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Soft <20 kPa 2
0.2 1 Very Soft <20 kPa 2
0.3 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.4 1 Very Soft <20 kPa 2 -0.5
0.5 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.6 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.7 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
0.8 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
-1
0.9 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1 15 Stiff 125 kPa 27
1.1 18 Stiff 150 kPa 33
1.2 20 Very Stiff >150 kPa 37
1.3 34 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55 -1.5
Refusal
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (1)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 202

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (2)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 203

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
Refusal -0.5

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (3)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 204

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
Refusal
-0.5

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (4)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 205

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 3 Soft 25 kPa 5 -0.5
0.5 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.8 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
-1
0.9 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
1.1 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1.2 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.3 8 Firm 65 kPa 14 -1.5
Refusal
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (5)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 206

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.7 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.8 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
-1
0.9 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19
1 13 Stiff 110 kPa 23
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (6)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 207

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.6 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.7 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.8 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
-1
0.9 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1.1 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
1.2 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1.3 6 Firm 50 kPa 10 -1.5
1.4 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.5 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.6 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
Depth (m)

1.7 8 Firm 65 kPa 14

1.8 7 Firm 60 kPa 12 -2
1.9 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
2 27 Very Stiff >150 kPa 54
2.1 29 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
2.2 33 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
-2.5
2.3 36 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
Refusal

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (7)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 208

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.7 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.8 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
-1
0.9 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.2 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1.3 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -1.5
1.4 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.5 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.6 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
Depth (m)

1.7 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15

1.8 8 Firm 65 kPa 14 -2
1.9 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
2 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
2.1 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
2.2 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19
-2.5
2.3 27 Very Stiff >150 kPa 54
Refusal

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 201\DCP (8)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 301

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.6 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.7 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
0.8 12 Dense 36 deg 21
-1
0.9 24 Dense 38 deg 47
1 27 Very Dense >38 deg 54
1.1 27 Very Dense >38 deg 54
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (1)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 302

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.6 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.7 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.8 18 Dense 37 deg 33
-1
0.9 26 Very Dense >38 deg 51
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (2)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 303

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 12 Stiff 100 kPa 21
0.3 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
0.4 6 Firm 50 kPa 10 -0.5
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (3)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 304

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.6 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.7 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.8 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
-1
0.9 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.1 3 Loose <30 deg 5
1.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.3 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12 -1.5
1.4 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
Refusal
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (4)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 305

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.6 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.7 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.8 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
-1
0.9 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
1.1 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1.2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7 -1.5
1.4 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
1.5 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
1.6 13 Dense 37 deg 23
Depth (m)

1.7 14 Dense 37 deg 25

1.8 15 Dense 37 deg 27 -2
Refusal

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (5)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 306

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10 -0.5
0.5 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.8 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
-1
0.9 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1.1 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
1.2 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1.3 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17 -1.5
1.4 15 Stiff 125 kPa 27
1.5 17 Stiff 140 kPa 31
1.6 20 Very Stiff >150 kPa 37
Depth (m)

1.7 21 Very Stiff >150 kPa 40

1.8 30 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55 -2
Refusal

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (6)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 307

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -0.5
0.5 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.6 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.7 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.8 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
-1
0.9 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1.1 17 Stiff 140 kPa 31
1.2 29 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
Refusal -1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (7)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 25.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 308

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.3 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.4 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -0.5
0.5 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.6 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
0.7 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
0.8 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
-1
0.9 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1 16 Stiff 130 kPa 29
1.1 32 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 301\DCP (8)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 401

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8 -0.5
0.5 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17
0.6 19 Dense 37 deg 35
0.7 23 Dense 38 deg 44
Refusal
-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (1)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 402

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (2)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 403

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12 -0.5
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (3)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 404

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
Refusal

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (4)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 405

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
Refusal
-0.5

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (5)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 406

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.3 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.6 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.7 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.8 2 Loose <30 deg 3
-1
0.9 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
1.1 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
1.2 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
1.3 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8 -1.5
1.4 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1.5 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1.6 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
Depth (m)

1.7 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7

1.8 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7 -2
1.9 2 Loose <30 deg 3
2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
2.1 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
2.2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
-2.5
2.3 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
Refusal

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (6)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 407

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.6 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.7 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.8 3 Loose <30 deg 5
-1
0.9 3 Loose <30 deg 5
1 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
1.1 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
1.2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
1.3 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8 -1.5
1.4 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.5 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.6 20 Very Stiff >150 kPa 37
Depth (m)

Refusal
-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (7)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 408

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.7 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.8 2 Loose <30 deg 3
-1
0.9 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
1 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.1 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.2 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.3 5 Firm 40 kPa 8 -1.5
1.4 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.5 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.6 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
Depth (m)

1.7 13 Stiff 110 kPa 23

1.8 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17 -2
1.9 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
2 9 Stiff 75 kPa 15
2.1 15 Stiff 125 kPa 27
2.2 14 Stiff 115 kPa 25
-2.5
2.3 33 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
2.4 36 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
Refusal

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (8)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 409

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.2 11 Dense 36 deg 19
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10 -0.5
0.5 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
0.6 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.7 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.8 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
-1
0.9 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.1 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.2 7 Firm 60 kPa 12
1.3 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17 -1.5
1.4 12 Stiff 100 kPa 21
1.5 12 Stiff 100 kPa 21
1.6 14 Stiff 115 kPa 25
Depth (m)

1.7 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17

Refusal -2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (9)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 4010

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.2 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.3 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.4 9 Med.Dense 35 deg 15 -0.5
0.5 3 Soft 25 kPa 5
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.8 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
-1
0.9 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
1.1 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.2 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
1.3 5 Firm 40 kPa 8 -1.5
1.4 6 Firm 50 kPa 10
1.5 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
1.6 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19
Depth (m)

1.7 14 Stiff 115 kPa 25

1.8 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19 -2
1.9 13 Stiff 110 kPa 23
2 31 Very Stiff >150 kPa >55
Refusal

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 401\DCP (10)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 501

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.3 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.4 3 Loose <30 deg 5 -0.5
0.5 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
0.6 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17
0.7 14 Dense 37 deg 25
0.8 14 Dense 37 deg 25
-1
0.9 16 Dense 37 deg 29
1 15 Dense 37 deg 27
1.1 15 Dense 37 deg 27
1.2 15 Dense 37 deg 27
1.3 15 Dense 37 deg 27 -1.5
1.4 16 Dense 37 deg 29
1.5 23 Dense 38 deg 44
1.6 28 Very Dense >38 deg >55
Depth (m)

Refusal
-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (1)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 502

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.6 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.7 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.8 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
-1
0.9 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
1 3 Loose <30 deg 5
1.1 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17
1.2 9 Med.Dense 35 deg 15
1.3 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17 -1.5
1.4 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
1.5 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
1.6 7 Med.Dense 34 deg 12
Depth (m)

1.7 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14

1.8 9 Med.Dense 35 deg 15 -2
1.9 9 Med.Dense 35 deg 15
2 6 Med.Dense 33 deg 10
2.1 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
Refusal
-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (2)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 503

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -0.5
0.5 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.6 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.7 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.8 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
-1
0.9 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.2 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
1.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -1.5
Refusal
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (3)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 504

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.3 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.4 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2 -0.5
0.5 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.6 0 V.V.Loose <28 deg <2
0.7 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.8 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
-1
0.9 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
1.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
1.3 2 Loose <30 deg 3 -1.5
1.4 2 Loose <30 deg 3
Refusal
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (4)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 505

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 3 Loose <30 deg 5
Refusal
-0.5

-1

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (5)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 506

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 1 Very Loose <29 deg 2
0.4 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14 -0.5
0.5 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.6 8 Med.Dense 35 deg 14
0.7 13 Dense 37 deg 23
0.8 14 Dense 37 deg 25
-1
0.9 14 Dense 37 deg 25
1 14 Dense 37 deg 25
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (6)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 507

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.2 2 Loose <30 deg 3
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8 -0.5
0.5 5 Med.Dense 32 deg 8
0.6 13 Dense 37 deg 23
0.7 13 Dense 37 deg 23
0.8 19 Dense 37 deg 35
-1
0.9 10 Med.Dense 36 deg 17
1 16 Dense 37 deg 29
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (7)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 508

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.3 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.4 4 Soft 35 kPa 7 -0.5
0.5 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.6 2 Soft 20 kPa 3
0.7 11 Stiff 90 kPa 19
0.8 14 Stiff 115 kPa 25
-1
0.9 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1 10 Stiff 85 kPa 17
1.1 8 Firm 65 kPa 14
Refusal
-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (8)2023/07/28

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants
Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

CBR Penetrometer P r o b e --------------- T e s t N o. DC 509

THE STRENGTH AND CBR VALUES ARE EMPIRICAL AND DEPEND ON FACTORS SUCH AS MOISTURE CONTENT WHICH HAVE
NOT BEEN DETERMINED. THEY ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Depth Blows/ Inferred Shear CBR

(m) 100mm Consistency Strength % 0
0
0.1 3 Loose <30 deg 5
0.2 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.3 4 Med.Dense 30 deg 7
0.4 6 Firm 50 kPa 10 -0.5
0.5 5 Firm 40 kPa 8
0.6 4 Soft 35 kPa 7
0.7 18 Stiff 150 kPa 33
0.8 22 Very Stiff >150 kPa 42
-1
Refusal

-1.5
Depth (m)

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50

Blows per 100mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DCP\Bridge 501\DCP (9)2023/07/28

FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX E

RESULTS OF DYNAMIC
PENETROMETER LIGHT (DPL)
TESTS

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 101

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 6 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 5 Very Loose <29 deg -0.6
0.9 13 Loose <30 deg
1.2 18 Med.Dense 31 deg -1.2
1.5 29 Med.Dense 34 deg
Refusal -1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 101\DPL (1)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 16.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 1

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 102

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 8 Loose <30 deg
0.6 6 Very Loose <29 deg -0.6
0.9 16 Med.Dense 30 deg
1.2 23 Med.Dense 33 deg -1.2
1.5 26 Med.Dense 34 deg
1.8 59 Dense 37 deg -1.8
Refusal
-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 101\DPL (2)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 201

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 3 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 12 Loose <30 deg -0.6
0.9 38 Med.Dense 36 deg
Refusal -1.2

-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 201\DPL (1)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 05.06.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 2

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 202

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 5 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 7 Loose <30 deg -0.6
0.9 18 Med.Dense 31 deg
1.2 19 Med.Dense 32 deg -1.2
1.5 31 Med.Dense 35 deg
1.8 16 Med.Dense 30 deg -1.8
2.1 34 Med.Dense 35 deg
2.4 54 Dense 37 deg -2.4
Refusal
-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 201\DPL (2)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 26.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 301

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 7 Loose <30 deg
0.6 18 Med.Dense 31 deg -0.6
Refusal
-1.2

-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 301\DPL (1)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 26.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 3

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 302

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 6 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 13 Loose <30 deg -0.6
0.9 26 Med.Dense 34 deg
1.2 43 Dense 36 deg -1.2
Refusal
-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 301\DPL (2)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 401

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 6 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 19 Med.Dense 32 deg -0.6
Refusal
-1.2

-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 401\DPL (1)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 4

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 402

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 4 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 8 Loose <30 deg -0.6
0.9 16 Med.Dense 30 deg
1.2 18 Med.Dense 31 deg -1.2
1.5 31 Med.Dense 35 deg
Refusal -1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 401\DPL (2)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 501

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 4 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 8 Loose <30 deg -0.6
0.9 36 Med.Dense 35 deg
Refusal -1.2

-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 501\DPL (1)

 GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.
Geotechnical Engineering Consultants

Tel: (031) 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506 Email: info@geosure.co.za
Client: ENsync Engineers Ref.No. 093-23
Project: Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Date: 30.05.2023
Section: Etete, KwaZulu Natal Operator: E.Dada Mia
Section: Pipe Bridge No. 5

Light Dynamic Penetrometer Probe --------------- T e s t N o. DPL 502

THE INSITU STRENGTH DEPENDS ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND GRAIN STRUCTURE WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED AND
MAY CHANGE. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE THEREFORE INDICATIVE ONLY AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY TEST OR OBSERVATION

Hammer: 10kg falling 550mm

Cone: 25mm diameter with 60 degree apex angel
Depth Blows Inferred Insitu Shear Rods: 16mm diameter, 22mm diameter couplings
metres per 300mm Consistency Strength
0
0
0.3 6 Very Loose <29 deg
0.6 17 Med.Dense 31 deg -0.6
0.9 35 Med.Dense 35 deg
1.2 56 Dense 37 deg -1.2
Refusal
-1.8

-2.4

-3

-3.6

-4.2

-4.8

-5.4

-6

-6.6
Depth (m)

-7.2

-7.8

-8.4

-9

-9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-11.4

-12

-12.6

-13.2

-13.8

-14.4

-15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blows per 300mm

Z:\2023\093-23 (Pipe Bridge Etete)\DPL\Bridge 501\DPL (2)

FIGURE 1
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● APPENDIX F

LABORATORY TESTS RESULTS

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
CLIENT : Geosure (Pty) Ltd
PHYSICAL ADDRESS : 122 Intersite Avenue, Springfield Park,
Umgeni
Durban, 4001
ATTENTION : Mr D. Naidoo
PROJECT : Proposed Pipe Bridge, Etete, KZN, Bridge 1
TEST REPORT REFERENCE NUMBER: 68622
Dear Sir/Madam,
Enclosed herewith, please find the original reports pertaining to the above-mentioned project.

Date Received 19.05.2023

Date Tested 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Sample Location Refer to Report
Sampling Method N/A
Sample Condition Good
Sampling Environmental Condition N/A
Sampler(s) Name Client
Total Number of Pages 6
Test Carried Out
SANS3001 GR1 SANS3001 GR57
SANS3001 GR10, GR12 SANS3001 5849#
SANS3001 GR30 SANS3001 5850-1#
SANS3001 GR40 SANS3001 5850-2#
SANS3001 GR20 Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM D422
SANS3001 GR50, GR53 SANS3001 AG1
SANS3001 GR50, GR54 SANS 5860, 5861-1, 5861-2, 5861-3
SANS3001 GR55 TMH1 Method B9

- Tick denotes tests that were carried out. #Denotes non accredited tests
We would like to take this opportunity of thanking you for your continued support.
Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me.
Refer to Appendix A for Uncertainty of Measurement and notes on the Decision Rule
Yours faithfully

__________________
Technical Signatory,
Dheeran Ramcharan for Geosure (Pty) Ltd.
This report may not be reproduced except in full, without written permission from Geosure (Pty) Ltd. While every care is taken to
ensure the correctness of all tests and reports, neither Geosure (Pty) Ltd or its employees shall be liable in any way whatsoever for
any error made in the execution or reporting of tests or any erroneous conclusions drawn there from or any consequence thereof.
All testing and test results will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior
permission from your Company. Kindly note, that your information will be made available if legally required or to SANAS
assessors during audits. This report relates only to the sample/s tested.

Head Office Civil Engineering Laboratory Gauteng Branch

122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, P. O. Box 32381, Kyalami 1684
4091, South Africa Durban, 4091, South Africa
PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa
Tel.: +27 (0)861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873 Tel: 031 701 9732 Tel.: 0861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873
Fax: +27 (0)86 689 5506 Fax: +27 (0) 86 684 9785 Fax: 086 689 8327
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544 Mobile: 072 870 2621 Mobile: 083 377 6559
E-mail: geosure@iafrica.com E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za Email: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Date Issued: 31.07.2023 Page 1 of 6

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091
LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za
HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com
WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Our Ref. : 68622

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Etete, KZN Your Ref. : 093-23
Bridge 1 Date Tested : 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 24.03.2023
Sample No. T46887 T46888 T46889 T46890
Field No. IP103 IP103 IP107 IP111
Position in Field Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 2 Layer 2
Depth (m) 0.01-0.96 0.96-1.70 0.71-0.90 0.38-1.90

Dark brownish grey Dark brownish grey Dark grey mottled

Dark Brownish grey
Material mottled dark orange mottled dark orange yellowish orange
sandy CLAY.
Description sandy silty CLAY. sandy silty CLAY. sandy silty CLAY.
Colluvium
Residual Tillite Residual Tillite Residual Tillite

Sieve Analysis ( Wet Preparation ) - SANS3001 GR 1 - Percent Passing Sieve Size

100.0 mm 100 100 100 100
75.0 mm 100 100 100 100
63.0 mm 100 100 100 100
50.0 mm 100 100 100 100
37.5 mm 100 100 100 100
% Passing

28.0 mm 100 100 100 100

20.0 mm 100 100 100 100
14.0 mm 100 100 99 100
5.00 mm 100 96 88 100
2.00 mm 99 88 78 99
0.425 mm 95 81 72 96
0.250 mm 85 74 64 93
0.150 mm 73 66 55 90
0.075 mm 58 57 44 84
Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM - D422 - Percent Passing Particle Diameter (<0.425mm)
0.060 mm 51 53 38 80
0.050 mm 46 51 33 77
0.040 mm 41 49 29 74
% Passing

0.026 mm 34 46 22 69
0.015 mm 29 39 16 64
0.010 mm 24 34 12 56
0.0074 mm 19 29 10 48
0.0036 mm 13 22 7 34
0.0020 mm 9 17 4 26
0.0015 mm 8 15 3 25
Mechanical analysis - SANS3001 GR1 - Percent of Soil Mortar (<2 mm) for Grain Size range
Coarse Sand % 4 8 8 3
Coarse Fine Sand % 9 8 10 3
Medium Fine Sand % 12 9 11 3
Fine Fine Sand % 15 11 14 5
Silt & Clay % 59 65 57 85
Grading Modulus 0.49 0.74 1.06 0.20
Atterberg Limits - SANS3001 GR10, GR12 (<0.425mm)
Liquid Limit % 19 30 18 49
Plasticity Index % 7 14 7 21
Linear Shrinkage % 3.5 7.0 4.0 11.0
AASHTO Classification (Group Index)* A-4 (1) A-6 (5) A-4 (0) A-7-6 (20)
Unified Classification* CL-ML CL SM-SC ML/OL‡
Moisture Content % 17.6 25.0 17.7 34.2
Remarks: Date Received: 08.03.2023
Sampled by Client.
*Opinions expressed herein fall outside the scope of SANAS accreditation.
This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 06/09/2016 Page 2 of 6

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 68622

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Etete, KZN Your Ref.No. : 093-23
Bridge 1 Date Tested : 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 24.03.2023
Sample Number : T46887
Field No. : IP103
Sample Description : Dark Brownish grey sandy CLAY. Colluvium
Equivalent PI : 7 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 9

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 73
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 3 of 6

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 68622

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Etete, KZN Your Ref.No. : 093-23
Bridge 1 Date Tested : 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 24.03.2023
Sample Number : T46888
Field No. : IP103
Sample Description : Dark brownish grey mottled dark orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 11 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 17

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 73
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 4 of 6

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 68622

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Etete, KZN Your Ref.No. : 093-23
Bridge 1 Date Tested : 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 24.03.2023
Sample Number : T46889
Field No. : IP107
Sample Description : Dark brownish grey mottled dark orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 5 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 4

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 5 of 6

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 68622

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Etete, KZN Your Ref.No. : 093-23
Bridge 1 Date Tested : 19.05.2023 to 02.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 24.03.2023
Sample Number : T46890
Field No. : IP111
Sample Description : Dark grey mottled yellowish orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 20 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 26

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 6 of 6

End of Report
 APPENDIX A

UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT AND DECISION RULE

Notes on Uncertainty:

1. ABBREVIATIONS: UoM = Uncertainty of Measurement; E.UoM = Expanded Uncertainty of Measurement

2. UoM for gravels, sands, cohesive materials and asphalt was determined from a reproducibility study
2. UoM for aggregates and concrete was determined from a repeatability study

Notes on Decision Rule:

1. The decision rule employed by this laboratory is based on ILAC-G9:03/2009

2. Decision rules are only applicable to classification of gravels, sands and cohesive materials
3. Contact GEOSURE for further information related to the decision rule

GRAVELS
AND COHESIVE
SANDS AGGREGATE
MATERIAL TYPE CRUSHED MATERIALS ASPHALT
(G8-G9) (SINGLE SIZED CRUSHED STONE)
STONE (G5 - G9)
(G1 - G5)
PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2)

100.0 mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 mm 0.00 37.5 mm 0.00

75.0 mm 0.00 0.00 2.56 75.0 mm 0.00 28.0 mm 0.00
63.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.48 63.0 mm 0.00 20.0 mm 0.00
50.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.56 50.0 mm 0.00 14.0 mm 0.13
37.5 mm 0.36 0.00 1.32 37.5 mm 0.00 10.0 mm 0.46
% Passing Sieve 28.0 mm 2.08 0.00 0.98 28.0 mm 0.00 7.1 mm 1.53
Aperture 20.0 mm 0.78 0.00 0.98 20.0 mm 0.16 % Passing Sieve 5.00 mm 1.31
14.0 mm 0.38 0.00 1.82 14.0 mm 0.14 Aperture 2.00 mm 1.08
5.00 mm 1.94 0.44 1.10 10.0 mm 0.32 1.00 mm 0.76
% Passing Sieve
2.00 mm 2.44 0.56 0.90 7.1 mm 0.18 0.600 mm 0.53
Aperture
0.425 mm 1.42 1.40 1.42 5.0 mm 0.20 0.425 mm 0.51
0.075 mm 0.38 0.72 0.98 2.0 mm 0.08 0.300 mm 0.48
CS 1.32 1.08 0.98 1.0 mm 0.18 0.150 mm 0.36
CFS 1.32 0.66 0.00 0.600 mm 0.20 0.075 mm 0.41
Mechanical
MFS 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.425 mm 0.20 Binder Cont. % 0.15
Analysis (%)
FFS 0.74 0.92 1.02 0.300 mm 0.16 Fineness Mod 0.04
S+C 1.36 0.36 0.00 0.150 mm 0.04 BD kg/m³ 4.22
Grading Modulus 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.075 mm 0.12 Stability kN 0.74
LL 0.00 0.00 1.60 Fineness Mod. 0.00 Flow mm 0.09
Atterberg Limits
PI 0.00 0.00 0.64 Flak. Index % 0.22 MVD kg/m³ 4.84
(%)
LS 0.00 0.00 0.22 ALD mm 0.12
100% Comp. 18.36 8.24 2.70 ALD Comp. mm 0.10
CONCRETE
98% Comp. 9.24 7.50 1.10 Sand Equiv 0.54
97% Comp 5.84 6.82 0.62 ACV (AG10) % 0.10
AGE E.UoM (K=2)
CBR (%) 95% Comp 1.32 3.04 0.40 10% FACT(AG10) kN 1.08
93% Comp. 1.94 2.44 0.66 ACV (AG15) % 0.00 7 Day Results
90% Comp. 3.54 1.50 0.66 10% FACT(AG15) kN 1.00 Strength( MPa) 2.30
Swell @ 100% 0.04 0.00 0.92 BD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.38 28 Day Results
MDD (kg/m3) 5.74 3.42 7.76 AD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.44 Strength( MPa) 1.26
MOD
O.M.C (%) 0.08 0.12 0.50 WA (AG20) % 0.00
BD (AG21) kg/m³ 22.76
AG (AG21) kg/m³ 27.04
WA (AG21) % 0.00
ARD (AG22) kg/m³ 1.92
RD (AG23) kg/m³ 2.04
PD (AG23) kg/m³ 0.00

Nuclear Density
`
Property E.UoM (K=2)

Wet Density (kg/m3) 8.88

Dry Density (kg/m3) 11.36
Moisture Content (%) 0.38
CLIENT : Geosure (Pty) Ltd
PHYSICAL ADDRESS : 122 Intersite Avenue, Springfield Park,
Umgeni
Durban, 4001
ATTENTION : Mr D. Naidoo
PROJECT : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, KZN, Bridge 2
TEST REPORT REFERENCE NUMBER: 69128
Dear Sir/Madam,
Enclosed herewith, please find the original reports pertaining to the above-mentioned project.

Date Received 06.06.2023

Date Tested 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Sample Location Refer to Report
Sampling Method N/A
Sample Condition Good
Sampling Environmental Condition N/A
Sampler(s) Name Client
Total Number of Pages 4
Test Carried Out
SANS3001 GR1 SANS3001 GR57
SANS3001 GR10, GR12 SANS3001 5849#
SANS3001 GR30 SANS3001 5850-1#
SANS3001 GR40 SANS3001 5850-2#
SANS3001 GR20 Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM D422
SANS3001 GR50, GR53 SANS3001 AG1
SANS3001 GR50, GR54 SANS 5860, 5861-1, 5861-2, 5861-3
SANS3001 GR55 TMH1 Method B9

- Tick denotes tests that were carried out. #Denotes non accredited tests
We would like to take this opportunity of thanking you for your continued support.
Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me.
Refer to Appendix A for Uncertainty of Measurement and notes on the Decision Rule
Yours faithfully

__________________
Technical Signatory,
Dheeran Ramcharan for Geosure (Pty) Ltd.
This report may not be reproduced except in full, without written permission from Geosure (Pty) Ltd. While every care is taken to
ensure the correctness of all tests and reports, neither Geosure (Pty) Ltd or its employees shall be liable in any way whatsoever for
any error made in the execution or reporting of tests or any erroneous conclusions drawn there from or any consequence thereof.
All testing and test results will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior
permission from your Company. Kindly note, that your information will be made available if legally required or to SANAS
assessors during audits. This report relates only to the sample/s tested.

Head Office Civil Engineering Laboratory Gauteng Branch

122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, P. O. Box 32381, Kyalami 1684
4091, South Africa Durban, 4091, South Africa
PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa
Tel.: +27 (0)861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873 Tel: 031 701 9732 Tel.: 0861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873
Fax: +27 (0)86 689 5506 Fax: +27 (0) 86 684 9785 Fax: 086 689 8327
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544 Mobile: 072 870 2621 Mobile: 083 377 6559
E-mail: geosure@iafrica.com E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za Email: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Date Issued: 31.07.2023 Page 1 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091
LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za
HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com
WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Our Ref. : 69128

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 2 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample No. T47369 T47370
Field No. IP207 IP208
Position in Field Layer 2 Layer 2
Depth (m) 0.85-2.00 0.67-2.18

Medium orange Medium yellowish

mottled yellow and brown mottled
Material
speckled dark grey orange sandy silty
Description sandy silty CLAY. CLAY. Residual
Resisual Tillite Tillite

Sieve Analysis ( Wet Preparation ) - SANS3001 GR 1 - Percent Passing Sieve Size

100.0 mm 100 100
75.0 mm 100 100
63.0 mm 100 100
50.0 mm 100 100
37.5 mm 100 100
% Passing

28.0 mm 100 100

20.0 mm 100 100
14.0 mm 100 100
5.00 mm 100 100
2.00 mm 99 100
0.425 mm 92 94
0.250 mm 81 80
0.150 mm 69 62
0.075 mm 58 47
Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM - D422 - Percent Passing Particle Diameter (<0.425mm)
0.060 mm 49 42
0.050 mm 43 38
0.040 mm 37 35
% Passing

0.026 mm 29 28
0.015 mm 23 17
0.010 mm 17 13
0.0074 mm 12 11
0.0036 mm 3 4
0.0020 mm 2 2
0.0015 mm 2 2
Mechanical analysis - SANS3001 GR1 - Percent of Soil Mortar (<2 mm) for Grain Size range
Coarse Sand % 7 6
Coarse Fine Sand % 11 14
Medium Fine Sand % 12 18
Fine Fine Sand % 12 15
Silt & Clay % 58 47
Grading Modulus 0.52 0.59
Atterberg Limits - SANS3001 GR10, GR12 (<0.425mm)
Liquid Limit % 29 23
Plasticity Index % 11 9
Linear Shrinkage % 5.5 4.5
AASHTO Classification (Group Index)* A-6 (4) A-4 (1)
Unified Classification* CL SC
Moisture Content % 13.4 11.6
Remarks: Date Received: 06.06.2023
Sampled by Client.
*Opinions expressed herein fall outside the scope of SANAS accreditation.
This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 06/09/2016 Page 2 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69128

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 2 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47369
Field No. : IP207
Sample Description : Medium orange mottled yellow and speckled dark grey sandy silty CLAY. Resisual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 10 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 2

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 69
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 3 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69128

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 2 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47370
Field No. : IP208
Sample Description : Medium yellowish brown mottled orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 8 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 2

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 69
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 4 of 4

End of Report
CLIENT : Geosure (Pty) Ltd
PHYSICAL ADDRESS : 122 Intersite Avenue, Springfield Park,
Umgeni
Durban, 4001
ATTENTION : Mr D. Naidoo
PROJECT : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, KZN, Bridge 3
TEST REPORT REFERENCE NUMBER: 69113-1
Dear Sir/Madam,
Enclosed herewith, please find the original reports pertaining to the above-mentioned project.

Date Received 02.06.2023

Date Tested 12.05.2023 to 18.05.2023
Sample Location Refer to Report
Sampling Method N/A
Sample Condition Good
Sampling Environmental Condition N/A
Sampler(s) Name Client
Total Number of Pages 4
Test Carried Out
SANS3001 GR1 SANS3001 GR57
SANS3001 GR10, GR12 SANS3001 5849#
SANS3001 GR30 SANS3001 5850-1#
SANS3001 GR40 SANS3001 5850-2#
SANS3001 GR20 Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM D422
SANS3001 GR50, GR53 SANS3001 AG1
SANS3001 GR50, GR54 SANS 5860, 5861-1, 5861-2, 5861-3
SANS3001 GR55 TMH1 Method B9

- Tick denotes tests that were carried out. #Denotes non accredited tests
We would like to take this opportunity of thanking you for your continued support.
Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me.
Refer to Appendix A for Uncertainty of Measurement and notes on the Decision Rule
Yours faithfully

__________________
Technical Signatory,
Dheeran Ramcharan for Geosure (Pty) Ltd.
This report may not be reproduced except in full, without written permission from Geosure (Pty) Ltd. While every care is taken to
ensure the correctness of all tests and reports, neither Geosure (Pty) Ltd or its employees shall be liable in any way whatsoever for
any error made in the execution or reporting of tests or any erroneous conclusions drawn there from or any consequence thereof.
All testing and test results will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior
permission from your Company. Kindly note, that your information will be made available if legally required or to SANAS
assessors during audits. This report relates only to the sample/s tested.

Head Office Civil Engineering Laboratory Gauteng Branch

122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, P. O. Box 32381, Kyalami 1684
4091, South Africa Durban, 4091, South Africa
PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa
Tel.: +27 (0)861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873 Tel: 031 701 9732 Tel.: 0861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873
Fax: +27 (0)86 689 5506 Fax: +27 (0) 86 684 9785 Fax: 086 689 8327
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544 Mobile: 072 870 2621 Mobile: 083 377 6559
E-mail: geosure@iafrica.com E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za Email: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Date Issued: 31.07.2023 Page 1 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091
LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za
HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com
WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Our Ref. : 69113-1

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 3 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample No. T47333 T47334
Field No. IP306 IP307
Position in Field Layer 2 Layer 12
Depth (m) 0.44-1.58 0.26-1.14

Dark yellowish
Dark yellowish
orange slightly
Material orange sandy silty
gravelly sandy
Description CLAY. Residual
CLAY. Residual
Tillite
Tillite

Sieve Analysis ( Wet Preparation ) - SANS3001 GR 1 - Percent Passing Sieve Size

100.0 mm 100 100
75.0 mm 100 100
63.0 mm 100 100
50.0 mm 100 100
37.5 mm 100 100
% Passing

28.0 mm 100 100

20.0 mm 100 100
14.0 mm 100 97
5.00 mm 100 96
2.00 mm 100 92
0.425 mm 92 82
0.250 mm 74 72
0.150 mm 58 62
0.075 mm 48 50
Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM - D422 - Percent Passing Particle Diameter (<0.425mm)
0.060 mm 45 44
0.050 mm 44 40
0.040 mm 42 36
% Passing

0.026 mm 39 31
0.015 mm 34 22
0.010 mm 30 17
0.0074 mm 26 13
0.0036 mm 18 5
0.0020 mm 13 2
0.0015 mm 12 2
Mechanical analysis - SANS3001 GR1 - Percent of Soil Mortar (<2 mm) for Grain Size range
Coarse Sand % 7 10
Coarse Fine Sand % 18 11
Medium Fine Sand % 16 11
Fine Fine Sand % 10 13
Silt & Clay % 48 54
Grading Modulus 0.60 0.76
Atterberg Limits - SANS3001 GR10, GR12 (<0.425mm)
Liquid Limit % 32 25
Plasticity Index % 17 11
Linear Shrinkage % 8.0 5.0
AASHTO Classification (Group Index)* A-6 (4) A-6 (2)
Unified Classification* SC SC
Moisture Content % 14.8 11.9
Remarks: Date Received: 02.06.2023
Sampled by Client.
*Opinions expressed herein fall outside the scope of SANAS accreditation.
This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 06/09/2016 Page 2 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69113-1

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 3 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47333
Field No. : IP306
Sample Description : Dark yellowish orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 16 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 13

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 58
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 3 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69113-1

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 3 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47334
Field No. : IP307
Sample Description : Dark yellowish orange slightly gravelly sandy CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 9 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 2

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 58
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 4 of 4

End of Report
 APPENDIX A

UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT AND DECISION RULE

Notes on Uncertainty:

1. ABBREVIATIONS: UoM = Uncertainty of Measurement; E.UoM = Expanded Uncertainty of Measurement

2. UoM for gravels, sands, cohesive materials and asphalt was determined from a reproducibility study
2. UoM for aggregates and concrete was determined from a repeatability study

Notes on Decision Rule:

1. The decision rule employed by this laboratory is based on ILAC-G9:03/2009

2. Decision rules are only applicable to classification of gravels, sands and cohesive materials
3. Contact GEOSURE for further information related to the decision rule

GRAVELS
AND COHESIVE
SANDS AGGREGATE
MATERIAL TYPE CRUSHED MATERIALS ASPHALT
(G8-G9) (SINGLE SIZED CRUSHED STONE)
STONE (G5 - G9)
(G1 - G5)
PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2)

100.0 mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 mm 0.00 37.5 mm 0.00

75.0 mm 0.00 0.00 2.56 75.0 mm 0.00 28.0 mm 0.00
63.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.48 63.0 mm 0.00 20.0 mm 0.00
50.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.56 50.0 mm 0.00 14.0 mm 0.13
37.5 mm 0.36 0.00 1.32 37.5 mm 0.00 10.0 mm 0.46
% Passing Sieve 28.0 mm 2.08 0.00 0.98 28.0 mm 0.00 7.1 mm 1.53
Aperture 20.0 mm 0.78 0.00 0.98 20.0 mm 0.16 % Passing Sieve 5.00 mm 1.31
14.0 mm 0.38 0.00 1.82 14.0 mm 0.14 Aperture 2.00 mm 1.08
5.00 mm 1.94 0.44 1.10 10.0 mm 0.32 1.00 mm 0.76
% Passing Sieve
2.00 mm 2.44 0.56 0.90 7.1 mm 0.18 0.600 mm 0.53
Aperture
0.425 mm 1.42 1.40 1.42 5.0 mm 0.20 0.425 mm 0.51
0.075 mm 0.38 0.72 0.98 2.0 mm 0.08 0.300 mm 0.48
CS 1.32 1.08 0.98 1.0 mm 0.18 0.150 mm 0.36
CFS 1.32 0.66 0.00 0.600 mm 0.20 0.075 mm 0.41
Mechanical
MFS 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.425 mm 0.20 Binder Cont. % 0.15
Analysis (%)
FFS 0.74 0.92 1.02 0.300 mm 0.16 Fineness Mod 0.04
S+C 1.36 0.36 0.00 0.150 mm 0.04 BD kg/m³ 4.22
Grading Modulus 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.075 mm 0.12 Stability kN 0.74
LL 0.00 0.00 1.60 Fineness Mod. 0.00 Flow mm 0.09
Atterberg Limits
PI 0.00 0.00 0.64 Flak. Index % 0.22 MVD kg/m³ 4.84
(%)
LS 0.00 0.00 0.22 ALD mm 0.12
100% Comp. 18.36 8.24 2.70 ALD Comp. mm 0.10
CONCRETE
98% Comp. 9.24 7.50 1.10 Sand Equiv 0.54
97% Comp 5.84 6.82 0.62 ACV (AG10) % 0.10
AGE E.UoM (K=2)
CBR (%) 95% Comp 1.32 3.04 0.40 10% FACT(AG10) kN 1.08
93% Comp. 1.94 2.44 0.66 ACV (AG15) % 0.00 7 Day Results
90% Comp. 3.54 1.50 0.66 10% FACT(AG15) kN 1.00 Strength( MPa) 2.30
Swell @ 100% 0.04 0.00 0.92 BD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.38 28 Day Results
MDD (kg/m3) 5.74 3.42 7.76 AD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.44 Strength( MPa) 1.26
MOD
O.M.C (%) 0.08 0.12 0.50 WA (AG20) % 0.00
BD (AG21) kg/m³ 22.76
AG (AG21) kg/m³ 27.04
WA (AG21) % 0.00
ARD (AG22) kg/m³ 1.92
RD (AG23) kg/m³ 2.04
PD (AG23) kg/m³ 0.00

Nuclear Density
`
Property E.UoM (K=2)

Wet Density (kg/m3) 8.88

Dry Density (kg/m3) 11.36
Moisture Content (%) 0.38
CLIENT : Geosure (Pty) Ltd
PHYSICAL ADDRESS : 122 Intersite Avenue, Springfield Park,
Umgeni
Durban, 4001
ATTENTION : Mr D. Naidoo
PROJECT : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, KZN, Bridge 4
TEST REPORT REFERENCE NUMBER: 69113-2
Dear Sir/Madam,
Enclosed herewith, please find the original reports pertaining to the above-mentioned project.

Date Received 02.06.2023

Date Tested 12.05.2023 to 18.05.2023
Sample Location Refer to Report
Sampling Method N/A
Sample Condition Good
Sampling Environmental Condition N/A
Sampler(s) Name Client
Total Number of Pages 4
Test Carried Out
SANS3001 GR1 SANS3001 GR57
SANS3001 GR10, GR12 SANS3001 5849#
SANS3001 GR30 SANS3001 5850-1#
SANS3001 GR40 SANS3001 5850-2#
SANS3001 GR20 Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM D422
SANS3001 GR50, GR53 SANS3001 AG1
SANS3001 GR50, GR54 SANS 5860, 5861-1, 5861-2, 5861-3
SANS3001 GR55 TMH1 Method B9

- Tick denotes tests that were carried out. #Denotes non accredited tests
We would like to take this opportunity of thanking you for your continued support.
Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me.
Refer to Appendix A for Uncertainty of Measurement and notes on the Decision Rule
Yours faithfully

__________________
Technical Signatory,
Dheeran Ramcharan for Geosure (Pty) Ltd.
This report may not be reproduced except in full, without written permission from Geosure (Pty) Ltd. While every care is taken to
ensure the correctness of all tests and reports, neither Geosure (Pty) Ltd or its employees shall be liable in any way whatsoever for
any error made in the execution or reporting of tests or any erroneous conclusions drawn there from or any consequence thereof.
All testing and test results will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior
permission from your Company. Kindly note, that your information will be made available if legally required or to SANAS
assessors during audits. This report relates only to the sample/s tested.

Head Office Civil Engineering Laboratory Gauteng Branch

122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, P. O. Box 32381, Kyalami 1684
4091, South Africa Durban, 4091, South Africa
PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa
Tel.: +27 (0)861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873 Tel: 031 701 9732 Tel.: 0861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873
Fax: +27 (0)86 689 5506 Fax: +27 (0) 86 684 9785 Fax: 086 689 8327
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544 Mobile: 072 870 2621 Mobile: 083 377 6559
E-mail: geosure@iafrica.com E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za Email: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Date Issued: 31.07.2023 Page 1 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091
LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za
HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com
WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Our Ref. : 69113-2

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 4 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample No. T47331 T47332
Field No. IP408 IP410
Position in Field Layer 2 Layer 3
Depth (m) 0.93-2.04 0.51-1.69

Dark yellowish
Dark orange yellow
Material orange sandy silty
sandy silty CLAY.
Description CLAY. Residual
Residual Tillite
Tillite

Sieve Analysis ( Wet Preparation ) - SANS3001 GR 1 - Percent Passing Sieve Size

100.0 mm 100 100
75.0 mm 100 100
63.0 mm 100 100
50.0 mm 100 100
37.5 mm 100 100
% Passing

28.0 mm 100 100

20.0 mm 100 100
14.0 mm 100 100
5.00 mm 100 100
2.00 mm 100 100
0.425 mm 93 94
0.250 mm 74 82
0.150 mm 59 70
0.075 mm 48 56
Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM - D422 - Percent Passing Particle Diameter (<0.425mm)
0.060 mm 46 50
0.050 mm 44 46
0.040 mm 42 41
% Passing

0.026 mm 39 35
0.015 mm 34 25
0.010 mm 30 19
0.0074 mm 26 15
0.0036 mm 18 14
0.0020 mm 13 13
0.0015 mm 11 11
Mechanical analysis - SANS3001 GR1 - Percent of Soil Mortar (<2 mm) for Grain Size range
Coarse Sand % 7 6
Coarse Fine Sand % 18 12
Medium Fine Sand % 16 12
Fine Fine Sand % 10 14
Silt & Clay % 48 56
Grading Modulus 0.60 0.50
Atterberg Limits - SANS3001 GR10, GR12 (<0.425mm)
Liquid Limit % 36 33
Plasticity Index % 15 14
Linear Shrinkage % 7.5 7.0
AASHTO Classification (Group Index)* A-6 (4) A-6 (5)
Unified Classification* SC CL
Moisture Content % 11.2 12.5
Remarks: Date Received: 02.06.2023
Sampled by Client.
*Opinions expressed herein fall outside the scope of SANAS accreditation.
This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 06/09/2016 Page 2 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69113-2

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 4 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47331
Field No. : IP408
Sample Description : Dark yellowish orange sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 14 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 13

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 59
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 3 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69113-2

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 4 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47332
Field No. : IP410
Sample Description : Dark orange yellow sandy silty CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 13 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 13

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 59
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 4 of 4

End of Report
 APPENDIX A

UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT AND DECISION RULE

Notes on Uncertainty:

1. ABBREVIATIONS: UoM = Uncertainty of Measurement; E.UoM = Expanded Uncertainty of Measurement

2. UoM for gravels, sands, cohesive materials and asphalt was determined from a reproducibility study
2. UoM for aggregates and concrete was determined from a repeatability study

Notes on Decision Rule:

1. The decision rule employed by this laboratory is based on ILAC-G9:03/2009

2. Decision rules are only applicable to classification of gravels, sands and cohesive materials
3. Contact GEOSURE for further information related to the decision rule

GRAVELS
AND COHESIVE
SANDS AGGREGATE
MATERIAL TYPE CRUSHED MATERIALS ASPHALT
(G8-G9) (SINGLE SIZED CRUSHED STONE)
STONE (G5 - G9)
(G1 - G5)
PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2)

100.0 mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 mm 0.00 37.5 mm 0.00

75.0 mm 0.00 0.00 2.56 75.0 mm 0.00 28.0 mm 0.00
63.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.48 63.0 mm 0.00 20.0 mm 0.00
50.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.56 50.0 mm 0.00 14.0 mm 0.13
37.5 mm 0.36 0.00 1.32 37.5 mm 0.00 10.0 mm 0.46
% Passing Sieve 28.0 mm 2.08 0.00 0.98 28.0 mm 0.00 7.1 mm 1.53
Aperture 20.0 mm 0.78 0.00 0.98 20.0 mm 0.16 % Passing Sieve 5.00 mm 1.31
14.0 mm 0.38 0.00 1.82 14.0 mm 0.14 Aperture 2.00 mm 1.08
5.00 mm 1.94 0.44 1.10 10.0 mm 0.32 1.00 mm 0.76
% Passing Sieve
2.00 mm 2.44 0.56 0.90 7.1 mm 0.18 0.600 mm 0.53
Aperture
0.425 mm 1.42 1.40 1.42 5.0 mm 0.20 0.425 mm 0.51
0.075 mm 0.38 0.72 0.98 2.0 mm 0.08 0.300 mm 0.48
CS 1.32 1.08 0.98 1.0 mm 0.18 0.150 mm 0.36
CFS 1.32 0.66 0.00 0.600 mm 0.20 0.075 mm 0.41
Mechanical
MFS 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.425 mm 0.20 Binder Cont. % 0.15
Analysis (%)
FFS 0.74 0.92 1.02 0.300 mm 0.16 Fineness Mod 0.04
S+C 1.36 0.36 0.00 0.150 mm 0.04 BD kg/m³ 4.22
Grading Modulus 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.075 mm 0.12 Stability kN 0.74
LL 0.00 0.00 1.60 Fineness Mod. 0.00 Flow mm 0.09
Atterberg Limits
PI 0.00 0.00 0.64 Flak. Index % 0.22 MVD kg/m³ 4.84
(%)
LS 0.00 0.00 0.22 ALD mm 0.12
100% Comp. 18.36 8.24 2.70 ALD Comp. mm 0.10
CONCRETE
98% Comp. 9.24 7.50 1.10 Sand Equiv 0.54
97% Comp 5.84 6.82 0.62 ACV (AG10) % 0.10
AGE E.UoM (K=2)
CBR (%) 95% Comp 1.32 3.04 0.40 10% FACT(AG10) kN 1.08
93% Comp. 1.94 2.44 0.66 ACV (AG15) % 0.00 7 Day Results
90% Comp. 3.54 1.50 0.66 10% FACT(AG15) kN 1.00 Strength( MPa) 2.30
Swell @ 100% 0.04 0.00 0.92 BD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.38 28 Day Results
MDD (kg/m3) 5.74 3.42 7.76 AD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.44 Strength( MPa) 1.26
MOD
O.M.C (%) 0.08 0.12 0.50 WA (AG20) % 0.00
BD (AG21) kg/m³ 22.76
AG (AG21) kg/m³ 27.04
WA (AG21) % 0.00
ARD (AG22) kg/m³ 1.92
RD (AG23) kg/m³ 2.04
PD (AG23) kg/m³ 0.00

Nuclear Density
`
Property E.UoM (K=2)

Wet Density (kg/m3) 8.88

Dry Density (kg/m3) 11.36
Moisture Content (%) 0.38
CLIENT : Geosure (Pty) Ltd
PHYSICAL ADDRESS : 122 Intersite Avenue, Springfield Park,
Umgeni
Durban, 4001
ATTENTION : Mr D. Naidoo
PROJECT : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, KZN, Bridge 5
TEST REPORT REFERENCE NUMBER: 69127
Dear Sir/Madam,
Enclosed herewith, please find the original reports pertaining to the above-mentioned project.

Date Received 06.06.2023

Date Tested 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Sample Location Refer to Report
Sampling Method N/A
Sample Condition Good
Sampling Environmental Condition N/A
Sampler(s) Name Client
Total Number of Pages 4
Test Carried Out
SANS3001 GR1 SANS3001 GR57
SANS3001 GR10, GR12 SANS3001 5849#
SANS3001 GR30 SANS3001 5850-1#
SANS3001 GR40 SANS3001 5850-2#
SANS3001 GR20 Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM D422
SANS3001 GR50, GR53 SANS3001 AG1
SANS3001 GR50, GR54 SANS 5860, 5861-1, 5861-2, 5861-3
SANS3001 GR55 TMH1 Method B9

- Tick denotes tests that were carried out. #Denotes non accredited tests
We would like to take this opportunity of thanking you for your continued support.
Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me.
Refer to Appendix A for Uncertainty of Measurement and notes on the Decision Rule
Yours faithfully

__________________
Technical Signatory,
Dheeran Ramcharan for Geosure (Pty) Ltd.
This report may not be reproduced except in full, without written permission from Geosure (Pty) Ltd. While every care is taken to
ensure the correctness of all tests and reports, neither Geosure (Pty) Ltd or its employees shall be liable in any way whatsoever for
any error made in the execution or reporting of tests or any erroneous conclusions drawn there from or any consequence thereof.
All testing and test results will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior
permission from your Company. Kindly note, that your information will be made available if legally required or to SANAS
assessors during audits. This report relates only to the sample/s tested.

Head Office Civil Engineering Laboratory Gauteng Branch

122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, P. O. Box 32381, Kyalami 1684
4091, South Africa Durban, 4091, South Africa
PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa PO Box 1461, Westville, 3630, South Africa
Tel.: +27 (0)861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873 Tel: 031 701 9732 Tel.: 0861 GEOSURE / 0861 436 7873
Fax: +27 (0)86 689 5506 Fax: +27 (0) 86 684 9785 Fax: 086 689 8327
Mobile: +27 (0)82 784 0544 Mobile: 072 870 2621 Mobile: 083 377 6559
E-mail: geosure@iafrica.com E-mail: lab@geosure.co.za Email: gauteng@geosure.co.za

Date Issued: 31.07.2023 Page 1 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091
LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za
HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com
WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Our Ref. : 69127

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 5 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample No. T47367 T47368
Field No. IP504 IP508
Position in Field Layer 2 Layer 2
Depth (m) 0.23-0.69 0.19-0.62

Dark yellowish
Medium grey slightly
Material orange gravelly
clayey SAND.
Description sandy CLAY.
Alluvium
Residual Tillite

Sieve Analysis ( Wet Preparation ) - SANS3001 GR 1 - Percent Passing Sieve Size

100.0 mm 100 100
75.0 mm 100 100
63.0 mm 100 100
50.0 mm 100 100
37.5 mm 100 100
% Passing

28.0 mm 100 100

20.0 mm 100 100
14.0 mm 100 99
5.00 mm 100 91
2.00 mm 100 80
0.425 mm 82 61
0.250 mm 51 53
0.150 mm 30 45
0.075 mm 17 36
Hydrometer Analysis - ASTM - D422 - Percent Passing Particle Diameter (<0.425mm)
0.060 mm 13 28
0.050 mm 10 23
0.040 mm 7 18
% Passing

0.026 mm 4 12
0.015 mm 2 7
0.010 mm 1 5
0.0074 mm 1 4
0.0036 mm 0 3
0.0020 mm 0 3
0.0015 mm 0 2
Mechanical analysis - SANS3001 GR1 - Percent of Soil Mortar (<2 mm) for Grain Size range
Coarse Sand % 18 24
Coarse Fine Sand % 31 10
Medium Fine Sand % 21 10
Fine Fine Sand % 12 11
Silt & Clay % 17 45
Grading Modulus 1.01 1.23
Atterberg Limits - SANS3001 GR10, GR12 (<0.425mm)
Liquid Limit % NP 25
Plasticity Index % NP 8
Linear Shrinkage % 0.0 4.5
AASHTO Classification (Group Index)* A-2-4 (0) A-4 (0)
Unified Classification* SM SC
Moisture Content % 20.7 15.5
Remarks: Date Received: 06.06.2023
Sampled by Client.
*Opinions expressed herein fall outside the scope of SANAS accreditation.
This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 06/09/2016 Page 2 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69127

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 5 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47367
Field No. : IP504
Sample Description : Medium grey slightly clayey SAND. Alluvium
Equivalent PI : NP Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) :

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 30
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110
100
90
80
70
% Finer Than

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.000 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
-10
NP
NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 3 of 4

 Reg.No.: 92/03145/07
LABORATORY AND HEAD OFFICE ADDRESS: 122 Intersite Avenue, Umgeni Business Park, Durban, 4091

LABORATORY CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 701 9732 Fax: 086 684 9785
Mobile: +27(0) 72 870 2621 e-mail: lab@geosure.co.za

HEAD OFFICE CONTACT INFO.: Tel.: +27(0) 31 266 0458 Fax: 086 689 5506
Mobile: +27(0) 82 784 0544 e-mail:geosure@iafrica.com

WEBSITE: www.geosure.co.za

Client : Geosure (Pty) Ltd Job No. : 69127

Project : Proposed Pipe Bridge Crossing Etete, Your Ref.No. : 093-23
KZN, Bridge 5 Date Tested : 15.06.2023 to 16.06.2023
Attention : Mr D. Naidoo Date Reported : 19.06.2023
Sample Number : T47368
Field No. : IP508
Sample Description : Dark yellowish orange gravelly sandy CLAY. Residual Tillite
Equivalent PI : 5 Clay fraction of whole sample (% <2µ) : 3

POTENTIAL EXPANSIVENESS GRAPH

70
65
60
55
50 Very High
Equivalent PI

45
40
High
35
Medium
30
25
20
15 30
10
Low
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Clay fraction of whole sample ( % <2µ )

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART

110

100
90

80

70
% Finer Than

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.000 0.001 NP 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000

NP
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION

This report relates only to sample(s) received. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the prior consent of GEOSURE (PTY) LTD.

Version 24/03/2016 Page 4 of 4

End of Report
 APPENDIX A

UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT AND DECISION RULE

Notes on Uncertainty:

1. ABBREVIATIONS: UoM = Uncertainty of Measurement; E.UoM = Expanded Uncertainty of Measurement

2. UoM for gravels, sands, cohesive materials and asphalt was determined from a reproducibility study
2. UoM for aggregates and concrete was determined from a repeatability study

Notes on Decision Rule:

1. The decision rule employed by this laboratory is based on ILAC-G9:03/2009

2. Decision rules are only applicable to classification of gravels, sands and cohesive materials
3. Contact GEOSURE for further information related to the decision rule

GRAVELS
AND COHESIVE
SANDS AGGREGATE
MATERIAL TYPE CRUSHED MATERIALS ASPHALT
(G8-G9) (SINGLE SIZED CRUSHED STONE)
STONE (G5 - G9)
(G1 - G5)
PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2) PROPERTY E.UoM (K=2)

100.0 mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 mm 0.00 37.5 mm 0.00

75.0 mm 0.00 0.00 2.56 75.0 mm 0.00 28.0 mm 0.00
63.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.48 63.0 mm 0.00 20.0 mm 0.00
50.0 mm 0.00 0.00 1.56 50.0 mm 0.00 14.0 mm 0.13
37.5 mm 0.36 0.00 1.32 37.5 mm 0.00 10.0 mm 0.46
% Passing Sieve 28.0 mm 2.08 0.00 0.98 28.0 mm 0.00 7.1 mm 1.53
Aperture 20.0 mm 0.78 0.00 0.98 20.0 mm 0.16 % Passing Sieve 5.00 mm 1.31
14.0 mm 0.38 0.00 1.82 14.0 mm 0.14 Aperture 2.00 mm 1.08
5.00 mm 1.94 0.44 1.10 10.0 mm 0.32 1.00 mm 0.76
% Passing Sieve
2.00 mm 2.44 0.56 0.90 7.1 mm 0.18 0.600 mm 0.53
Aperture
0.425 mm 1.42 1.40 1.42 5.0 mm 0.20 0.425 mm 0.51
0.075 mm 0.38 0.72 0.98 2.0 mm 0.08 0.300 mm 0.48
CS 1.32 1.08 0.98 1.0 mm 0.18 0.150 mm 0.36
CFS 1.32 0.66 0.00 0.600 mm 0.20 0.075 mm 0.41
Mechanical
MFS 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.425 mm 0.20 Binder Cont. % 0.15
Analysis (%)
FFS 0.74 0.92 1.02 0.300 mm 0.16 Fineness Mod 0.04
S+C 1.36 0.36 0.00 0.150 mm 0.04 BD kg/m³ 4.22
Grading Modulus 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.075 mm 0.12 Stability kN 0.74
LL 0.00 0.00 1.60 Fineness Mod. 0.00 Flow mm 0.09
Atterberg Limits
PI 0.00 0.00 0.64 Flak. Index % 0.22 MVD kg/m³ 4.84
(%)
LS 0.00 0.00 0.22 ALD mm 0.12
100% Comp. 18.36 8.24 2.70 ALD Comp. mm 0.10
CONCRETE
98% Comp. 9.24 7.50 1.10 Sand Equiv 0.54
97% Comp 5.84 6.82 0.62 ACV (AG10) % 0.10
AGE E.UoM (K=2)
CBR (%) 95% Comp 1.32 3.04 0.40 10% FACT(AG10) kN 1.08
93% Comp. 1.94 2.44 0.66 ACV (AG15) % 0.00 7 Day Results
90% Comp. 3.54 1.50 0.66 10% FACT(AG15) kN 1.00 Strength( MPa) 2.30
Swell @ 100% 0.04 0.00 0.92 BD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.38 28 Day Results
MDD (kg/m3) 5.74 3.42 7.76 AD (AG20) kg/m³ 0.44 Strength( MPa) 1.26
MOD
O.M.C (%) 0.08 0.12 0.50 WA (AG20) % 0.00
BD (AG21) kg/m³ 22.76
AG (AG21) kg/m³ 27.04
WA (AG21) % 0.00
ARD (AG22) kg/m³ 1.92
RD (AG23) kg/m³ 2.04
PD (AG23) kg/m³ 0.00

Nuclear Density
`
Property E.UoM (K=2)

Wet Density (kg/m3) 8.88

Dry Density (kg/m3) 11.36
Moisture Content (%) 0.38