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14.2 Structure of A Data Packet

The document provides an overview of IP and MAC addresses, detailing their definitions, types, and roles in network communication. It explains the structure of data packets, including headers, payloads, and trailers, and emphasizes the importance of error-checking methods like Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for data integrity. Additionally, it includes a quiz link for further understanding of the structure of data packets.

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11 views16 pages

14.2 Structure of A Data Packet

The document provides an overview of IP and MAC addresses, detailing their definitions, types, and roles in network communication. It explains the structure of data packets, including headers, payloads, and trailers, and emphasizes the importance of error-checking methods like Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for data integrity. Additionally, it includes a quiz link for further understanding of the structure of data packets.

Uploaded by

haris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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14.

2
Structure of
a data
packet

By Waqqad
Before we proceed IP Address Overview

• Definition:
• An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique
numerical identifier assigned to each device
connected to a network, enabling communication
over the internet.
• Types of IP Addresses:
• There are two main types: IPv4 (32-bit, e.g.,
192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (128-bit, e.g.,
2001:0db8::1428:57ab).
• Purpose:
• It helps route data from the source device to the
destination device across different networks.
Before we proceed IP Address Overview

• Dynamic vs. Static:


• Dynamic IPs are temporary and change over
time, while Static IPs remain constant and are
often used for servers.
• Public vs. Private IP:
• Public IPs are used to connect devices to the
internet, while Private IPs are used for devices
within a private network.
• Subnetting:
• IP addresses can be divided into subnets to
organize and manage networks efficiently, helping
to reduce congestion and improve security.
Before we proceed MAC Address Overview

• Definition:
• A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique
identifier assigned to the network interface card (NIC) of a
device, allowing communication within a local network.
• Format:
• MAC addresses are 48-bit hexadecimal numbers, often
formatted as XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
• (e.g., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
• Layer 2 Identification:
• Works at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model, allowing
devices to communicate within a local network segment.
Before we proceed MAC Address Overview

• Role in Communication:
• Used by switches to direct data frames to the
correct device within a LAN (Local Area Network).
• Permanence:
• Unlike IP addresses, MAC addresses are
hardcoded into devices by the manufacturer,
making them unique and unchangeable.
• MAC Filtering:
• Networks can use MAC filtering as a security
measure to allow or deny devices based on their
MAC address, adding an extra layer of control.
Data Packets in Networking
• Purpose of Data Packets:
• Smallest unit of data sent across a
network, used for transmitting
information between devices.
• Importance:
• Understanding the structure of a data
packet is key to grasping how data moves
across networks.
• Elements of a Data Packet:
• Typically include a header, payload, and
trailer.
Data Packets in Networking

• Header Role:
• Contains information required for routing
the packet correctly to its destination.
• Payload Role:
• Holds the actual data being transmitted,
such as text, images, or files.
• Trailer Role:
• Ensures the data arrives accurately and
helps indicate the end of the packet.
Header Elements in Data Packets

• Source IP Address:
• Identifies the IP address of the device
sending the packet.
• Destination IP Address:
• Identifies the IP address of the device
intended to receive the packet.
• Sequence Number:
• Helps the receiving device reorder
packets into the correct sequence
Header Elements in Data Packets

• MAC Addresses:
• Includes sender’s and receiver’s MAC
addresses, used for local delivery within a
network.
• MAC Address Removal:
• Removed by routers as packets move through
networks since they are relevant to switches.
• Protocols Used:
• Specifies the communication protocols like
TCP/IP to ensure proper transmission.
Payload in Data Packets

• Definition of Payload:
• The part of the data packet that contains
the actual user data.
• Purpose:
• Transmits the core information such as
file data, message content, or media.
• Data Integrity:
• The payload is protected by error-
checking methods in the trailer to
maintain integrity.
Payload in Data Packets
• Variable Size:
• The size of the payload may vary based
on the type of network and the data
being sent.
• Segmentation:
• Larger data files are broken into smaller
packets to be sent as payloads for easier
transmission.
• Reassembly:
• Packets are reassembled at the
destination to form the original data.
Trailer Elements in Data Packets

• End Flag:
• Signals that the end of the packet has been reached.
• Error Checking:
• Includes methods like cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to detect
errors in transmission.
• Correction Requests:
• If an error is detected, the receiving device can request a
retransmission of the packet.
Trailer Elements in Data Packets

• Purpose of Trailer:
• Ensures data accuracy and integrity during transmission.
• Data Verification:
• Confirms that the payload has been delivered without being corrupted.
• Ensuring Complete Data Transfer:
• Works together with the header to ensure that all packets reach their destination
correctly.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

• Definition:
• CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is an
error-detecting code used to detect
accidental changes to raw data during
transmission or storage.
• Functionality:
• It works by generating a checksum
value based on the data being
transmitted, which is then appended to
the data packet before transmission.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

• Error Detection:
• At the receiving end, the CRC value is recalculated and compared to the
original. If they don't match, it indicates that an error occurred during
transmission.
• Efficiency:
• CRC is commonly used in networks due to its high error-detection capability
and low computational overhead, making it suitable for ensuring data
integrity.
Check Your Understanding

• Quiz Title: Structure of Data Packets


• Quiz Link:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/671b6f
9d368b0f14672fddd5

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