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Key Notes for Natural Language Processing

The document provides an overview of Natural Language Processing (NLP), detailing its purpose, applications, challenges, and techniques such as text normalization and the Bag of Words model. It highlights various applications including automatic summarization, sentiment analysis, and chatbots, while also addressing challenges like syntax issues and ambiguity. Additionally, it contrasts human language processing with machine language processing.

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8 views

Key Notes for Natural Language Processing

The document provides an overview of Natural Language Processing (NLP), detailing its purpose, applications, challenges, and techniques such as text normalization and the Bag of Words model. It highlights various applications including automatic summarization, sentiment analysis, and chatbots, while also addressing challenges like syntax issues and ambiguity. Additionally, it contrasts human language processing with machine language processing.

Uploaded by

ZN GamerZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Notes for Natural Language Processing (NLP) Chapter

1. Introduction to NLP

• NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, and process human (natural) languages.

• It bridges the gap between human language and machine language.

• Domains of AI related to NLP: Linguistics, Computer Science, Information Engineering.

2. Applications of NLP

1. Automatic Summarization: Tools like ChatGPT summarize text efficiently.

2. Text Classification: Categorizes data, e.g., email spam filtering.

3. Sentiment Analysis: Identifies opinions or sentiments from text (e.g., customer reviews).

4. Virtual Assistants: Tools like Siri, Alexa process and respond to voice commands.

5. Chatbots: Automated systems for interaction (customer support or therapy).

3. Challenges in NLP

• Syntax Issues: Understanding grammar and sentence structure.

• Semantics: Interpreting multiple meanings of words based on context.

• Ambiguity: Words with identical spelling but different meanings.

• Perfect Syntax, No Meaning: Grammatically correct sentences may lack logical sense.

4. Text Normalization

Steps to simplify text for machine processing:

1. Sentence Segmentation: Dividing text into sentences.

2. Tokenization: Splitting sentences into individual words or tokens.

3. Stopwords Removal: Removing common but uninformative words (e.g., "and," "the").

4. Lowercase Conversion: Ensures case consistency (e.g., "HELLO" → "hello").

5. Stemming: Reduces words to root forms (e.g., "playing" → "play").

6. Lemmatization: Converts words to meaningful base forms (e.g., "studies" → "study").

5. Bag of Words (BoW) Model

• A technique to convert text into numerical features for machine learning.

• Key Outputs:

o Vocabulary: Unique words in the corpus.

o Frequency: Count of each word's occurrences.

• Steps:

1. Normalize text.
2. Create a vocabulary.

3. Generate a document vector table.

6. Types of Chatbots

1. Script Bots: Follow predefined rules or scripts (e.g., basic customer service bots).

2. Smart Bots: AI-powered, capable of dynamic interactions (e.g., Google Assistant).

7. Human vs. Machine Language Processing

• Human Language: Intuitive, context-dependent, and ambiguous.

• Machine Language: Numeric, precise, and error-prone without proper input.

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