India: Geographic location

• literature meaning the land of Indoi,

the people living near the Indos (latin
Indus).
• Persians and Greeks extended the
name Sindhu-the land of Hindus.
• This country has been variously
named as India Hindustan, Bharat
and Aryavarta.
 India: Geography

• The term Hindu is derived from Sindhu. The Persians pro-nounce S as H and thus
they called Sindhu as Hindu. The land to the east of the Sindhu was called
Hindustan.
• In the European languages it is popularly known as India. The name Aryavarta
refers to the land of the Aryan race.
• At present only India and Bharat are officially recognised, although is also in
common use.
 India: Geographical Unit

• India is situated between 8°4' to 37°6'

North latitudes and 68°7' to 97°25' East
longitudes in the south-eastern part of
Northern Hemisphere.
• 82°30’ East longitude passes almost
through the mid of India and hence
considered as the Standard Meridian of
India.
• It passes through Naini near Allahabad.
 India: Geographical Unit

• The Standard Time of India is 5 hours

30 minutes ahead of that at the
Greenwich.
• Tropic of cancer passes through the
middle of India.
• The tropic of cancer also divides India
approximately into two equal parts.
The
 India: Geographical Unit

• states through which the tropic

of cancer passes are-
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, West Bengal,
Tripura and Mizoram.
• The length of the India's mainland
from north to south is 3,214 km and
that from east to west is 2,933 km.
• Thus india is approx rectangular
country.
• Peninsular India is triangular in shape
and Indian ocean and its branch Arab
sea and Bay of Bengal form its coastal
boundries.
• Coastal boundry of Gujarat is the
largest because it contains several
creeks.
• The geographical area of India is
32,87,263 km2, which is about 2.4%
of the total geographical area of the
world.
• On the basis of
the geographical
area, India ranks 7
after Russia,
Canada, China,
U.S.A., Brazil and
Australia.
• The land frontiers of India are
15,200 km. and the length of the
coastline of the mainland is 6,100
km.
• The total coastline, including the
coastlines of the islands, is 7515.5
km.
• In this way, the total length of the
Indian frontiers is 22,715.5
(15,200+7515.5).
• Indira Point is the
southernmost point of
India and is located in
the Great Nicobar
Island.
• The coastline of Gujarat is longest
due to the presence of
innumerable creeks.
• Between Lakshadweep and Minicoy
Island is the 9° Channel and between
Maldives and Minicoy is the 8°
Channel.
• The 10° Channel separates the
Andaman from the Nicobar. The
channel between the Indira point and
Indonesia is the Great Channel.
• India holds the central position in the Indian ocean. It is the only
country for which the ocean have been named. Indian ocean
holds sufficient geo-politics, geo-strategic, economic and
commercial relevence for India.
• The Maritime Belt or Territorial sea of India extends upto the
distance of 12 Nautical Miles (1 Nautical Mile = 1.8 Km) from the
base line.
• It is the straight imaginary line joining the indented coastline. The
oceanic water between the land part and the Base line is called the
Internal water.
• The distance of the contiguous zone is 24 Nautical miles from the
Base Line.
• The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of India extends further 200
nautical miles from the attached region and in this zone India has
exclusive rights of carrying out scientific researches, construction of
new islands and exploitation of the natural resources found in this
zone.
• After that, there is extension of the High Sea where all the nations
have equal rights.
• There are 28 states and 8 union territories in India. The immediate
neighbours of India are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal,
Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
Length of India's
Border with the
Neighbouring
Countries
 Bangladesh

• Length of border (in km) - 4,096.7

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries - West Bengal,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura,
Assam.
 China

• Length of border (in km) - 3,488

• Indian State sharing
International Boundaries -
Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim,
Arunachal Pradesh
 Pakistan

• Length of border (in km) - 3,323

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries - Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir
 Nepal

• Length of border (in km) - 1,751

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries – Sikkim, WB, Bihar, UP, &
Uttarakhand.
 Myanmar

• Length of border (in km) - 1,643

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries - Aranuchal Pradesh,
Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland.
 Bhutan

• Length of border (in km) - 699

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Sikkim,& WB.
 Afghanistan

• Length of border (in km) - 106

• Indian State sharing International
Boundaries –J&K (POK region)
 Total

• Length of border (in km) - 15,106.7

 Coastal States of India / Union Territories
State Coast line (km)
1. Andaman & Nicobar 1962.00
3. Andhra Pradesh 973.70
2. Gujarat 1214.70
4. Tamil Nadu 960.90
5. Maharashtra 652.60
6. Kerala 569.70
7. Odisha 476.70
 Coastal States of India / Union Territories
State Coast line (km)
8. Karnataka 208.00
9. West Bengal 157.50
10. Lakshadweep 132.00
11. Goa 101.00
12. Puducherry 47.60
13. Daman & Diu 42.50
Total 7515.50
• Contiguous Region - 24 Nautical mile from
costline.
• Climate - Monsoon Climate.
• Area - 32,87,263 km2
• Share in World's total Area - 2.42%
• Place in World in respect to area - 7th
• Total Population - 1,21,05,69,573 (17.5%
of World's total Populations(census 2011)
• In 2023 it is- 142.86crore.
• Place in World by Population - Second.
• Male Population - 62,31,21,843 (2011)
• Female Population -58,74, 47, 730
• Rural Population - 83.34 Crore (68.8%).
• Urban Population - 37.71 Crore (31.2%).
• Growth of Population in decade - 17.7%
(2001-2011).
• Country - India / Bharat
• Other Name - Aryavart, Jambudweep,
Bharat Varsha, Hindustan.
• Capital - New Delhi.
• Geographical Location - Situated in North
Eastern Hemisphere.
• Latitudinal Extension - 8° 4' to 37° 6'
North Lattitude.
• Longitudinal Extension - 68° 7' Eastern
Longitude to 97°25' Eastern longitude.
• Standard Time - 82°30' East longitude, ahead 5
hour 30 minute to Greenwitch.
• Geographical Extention - length- (North to South
3214 km) (Breadth-East to West 2933 km).
• Land boundry - 15,106.7 km.
• Water boundry - 7,516.6 km.
• Total Literacy - 73.0%
• Male Literacy - 80.9%
• Female Literacy - 64.6%
• Schedule Caste Population - 20,13,78,086
(16.6% of total Population).
• Schedule Tribes Population - 10,42,81,034
(8.6% of total Population).
• Number of States - 28
• Number of Union Territories - 8
• Geometrical Shape - Quadrilateral.
• Extension of Mountaneous Region - 10.7%
• Extension of Hill Area - 18.6%
• Extension of Plateau Region - 27.7%
• Extension of Fields - 43%
• States situated on Tropic of Cancer - 8
• Number of Refineries - 22
• Number of National Highways - 226
• Number of Major Ports - 13
• National Animal - Tiger
• National Heritage Animal - Elephant
• National Bird - Peacock
• National Tree - Banyan
• National Flower - Lotus
• National Emblem - Lion Capital of Ashoka
• National Anthem - Jana-Gana- Mana
• National Song - Vande Matararam
• National Language - Hindi
• National Script - Devnagri
• National Quote - Satyameva Jayate
• National Flag - Tricolor
• National River - Ganga
• National Aquatic Animal -
Dolphin