Department of Education

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Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
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The Aromatic Allure of Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa) In Making an Oil-

Based Perfume

A Research

Presented to the faculty of

Suyo National High School

Urzadan, Suyo, Ilocos Sur

In partial fulfilment

Of the requirements for

Practical Research 2

Chapter I and II

By:

Alcanar, Dave Justin

Arqiuo, Raizel

Libao, Allysa

Punzalan, Erika

Villegas, Rosemarie Grace

December 11, 2006

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Calamansi, scientifically known as Citrofortunella macrocarpa. The use

of perfume became significant to the human life to modify the scent of their

bodies. So why Calamansi fruit? Calamansi is a type of citrus fruit that is rich

with vitamin C and has the ability to boost immune system, and is abundant in

the Philippines which it can be used in many different ways, like oil-based

perfume. Citrus fruit has a refreshing property that may revitalize your mindset

too. This may also help to eliminate emotional stress and boost participants

moods. The world of perfumery is as diverse as it is enchanting, constantly

seeking sources of fragrances to captivate the senses. The allure of natural

ingredients holds a special benefit, not only a pleasant olfactory but also a

certain connection to botanical and even cultural heritage.

According to Chanthapon et al., 2008, the refreshing scent of citrus

essential oil has made it popular in the fragrance and aromatherapy industry.

It has the potential to be utilized in creating natural aromatic gel that is free

from harmful chemicals.

On the other hand, according to Cahyati et al., 2016, Orange peel oil can also

serve as an air freshener, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavor enhancer in

food. Additionally, it offers health benefits, such as being used in

aromatherapy. The aroma of orange peel oil can help in calming the nervous

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system, inducing feelings of joy and tranquility, stimulating the appetite, and

aiding in the treatment of illnesses.

Furthermore, according to Wikandari (2015), when orange peel waste

is utilized in product manufacturing, it emits a pleasant fragrance that can be

utilized to create perfume or air fresheners. Utilizing orange peels helps

prevent unnecessary waste of oranges and contributes to reducing global

pollution levels, thus benefiting the planet.

The utilization of calamansi essential oil perfume in Suyo, Ilocos Sur,

represents an environmentally-friendly approach to utilizing local agricultural

resources by converting the abundant calamansi crop into a valuable

fragrance product. This endeavor not only offers an alternative income source

for local farmers but also generates new employment prospects in essential

oil extraction and perfume manufacturing. By leveraging traditional

knowledge, the project safeguards local culture and enhances the

conventional applications of calamansi in traditional remedies.

Moreover, the creation of natural calamansi perfumes is in line with the

increasing demand for sustainable, organic products, thus promoting

environmental stewardship. The potential for this product to succeed in both

local and international markets is considerable, given its distinct tropical citrus

aroma and the shift towards specialized, natural scents. Securing funding and

setting up top-notch production processes are still obstacles, but these

hurdles can be overcome through collaborating with local partners and

receiving support from the government. In general, this project combines

cultural heritage with economic growth, providing hopeful opportunities for the

local community in Suyo.

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In fact, review of these researches revealed salient research gaps that

need further investigation. First, is to explore long term stability of

microencapsulated oil and asses the effectiveness of methods with different

types of textile and essential oils (Attienza,2020; Dioso,2020; Falcatan,2020;

Fernandez,2020). Second, is to explore the potential synergistic effects of

combining essential oils from calamansi with citrus (Dachriyanus,2021;

Husni,2021; Yeni,2021). Third, the researcher should consider adding more

sample of respondents and thorough observation on the side effects like skin

irritation and other health effects (Cauring, 2023; Vertido, 2023). This

untapped field leaved a substantial research gap. Also, the employment of

sustainability on the manufacturer of calamansi oil-based perfume, and its

economic diversity that is widely needed to be addressed. This thesis

statement will contribute a better ideas and knowledge regarding a better and

enhanced way of establishing a calamansi scented perfume. With also an

understanding about its benefits, the process, and sustainability. Calamansi

fruit will serve as an alternative ingredient.

This study aims to find a better formula of a perfume which will be

beneficial to the physical and emotional cognitive of a consumer that will

serve as great accomplishment to our body health including skin irritation, skin

sensitivities, and body odor. And under the environmental factors that shall

contribute to the degradation of the surrounding by using less chemical or

natural ingredients that can produce a soothing and great scent without

harming the environment. A formula that will enhance mood, boost

confidence, an aromatherapeutic beneficial, has a longevity scent, and also

something that can enhance attractiveness. This involves the economy of the

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Philippines inventing a perfume that has a citrus scent on which there is no

bad effects toward our health and environment and is produced from our

natural resources is a great success for a better.

Literature Review and Study

This literature and studies review show’s some brief previous research

works and information that are related to the exploration on making Citrus Oil-

based perfume to gain more knowledge and understand further more about

the study.

Review of Literature

The genus Citrus L., which belongs to the Rutaceae family, consists of

different forms such as trees, shrubs, and herbs in the world (Upadhyay et al,

2010; Javed et al, 2013; Sicari et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2019a). Citrus is the

most cultivated and traded fruit variety in the world as a garden plant (Lv et

al., 2015; Adenaike & Abakpa, 2021; Wu et al., 2021) and one of the most

important commercial fruit crops grown on all continents of the world. It is

grown especially in tropical and subtropical regions and some countries of the

Mediterranean Basin such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey, as

well as important citrus producers, in regions with Mediterranean climate such

as Australia, California, Florida, and South Africa (Zou et al., 2016; Amutha et

al., 2017; Vitale et al., 2021). Although most researchers say that the

homeland of citrus is South East Asia, it is claimed that the origin of citrus

fruits is not known with certainty (Okwu, 2008).

However, in ancient times, citrus was used not only as food but also in

folk medicine against many complaints such as bronchitis, tuberculosis,

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cough, cold, menstrual irregularity, hypertension, anxiety, depression, and

stress (Pallavi et al., 2016). Citrus fruits are grown in an ever-expanding area

around the world; The most well-known and commercially preferred Citrus

species are mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), orange (Citrus sinensis (L.)

Osbeck), pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), lemon (Citrus limon (L.)

Osbeck), lime (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and citron (Citrus

medica L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) (Wang et al.,2019). Citrus

fruits are among the most accepted and preferred fruits in the world not only

with their taste but also with their taste and general health benefits (Amutha et

al., 2017). These citrus distillates stand apart from the conventional cold-

pressed oils obtained from fruits peels, due to both the composition and the

olfactory properties displayed. As an example, a biogradier can contain up to

50% linalyl acetate, while the corresponding peel oil shows an average

content of 1-2% for the same volatile compound (Ghedira and Goetz,2015).

Essential oils are present in the oil glands in the peel and cuticles of

the citrus fruit peel or pericarp. The essential oil is released when oil sacs are

crushed during juice extraction or under pressure during cold pressing of the

peel waste. The major component of essential oils is Dili nonene

(Dosoky ,2018, Bara, 2020).

Research study

Research study by Lawrence in 2002 explains that exotic citrus fruits

have attracted attention worldwide, due to their unique sensory attributes and

health benefits. In view of growing interests in the consumption of mandarin-

like fruits, hybridization of citrus species was obtained by artificially cross-

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breeding various mandarin-like species (Nicotra, 2001, Umano et al., 2002).

Most recent work compared the volatile composition of the calamansi peel

with its leaf using hydro distillation (Glory, Duch, & Pino, 2009). However,

there is still a lack of information on the volatile constituents and sensory

attributes of calamansi peel.

Health-promoting properties of citrus fruits have been ascribed to their

inherent phenolic compounds, including coumarins, flavanoids, lignins,

phenolic acids and tannins (Xu, Ye, Liu, Ma, & Chen, 2008). Several studies

on phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids) in citrus

fruits have been confined to the understanding of their distributions among the

cultivars during maturation and exploration of their nutritional properties

(Kelebek, 2010, Kelebek et al., 2008, Peleg et al., 1991, Rapisarda et al.,

1998). To date, there is no report of phenolic acids content in calamansi peel.

Another study on the topic by Tranchida et al., Palazzolo et al., (2012,

2013,) states that citrus essential oils is widely used to the procurance of

natural fruity perfumes are obtained mainly from the fruit rind (flavedo),

although flowers or leaves have also been used. Likewise, volatile and semi-

volatile compounds represent 85–99% of the entire oil fraction (Dugo and

Mondello, 2011; Tranchida et al., 2012; Sarrou et al., 2013), which is

represented typically by over 200 compounds. Additionally, hydrocarbon and

derivate mono-and sesquiterpenes are the compounds most frequently

reported, followed by aliphatic and olefinic C 6–C12 non-terpene aldehydes,

alcohols, ketones, esters and acids, along with several aromatic compounds.

The non-volatile residue is mainly composed of flavonoids, coumarins,

diterpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids.

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Most of the studies regarding the composition of the volatile and semi-

volatile fraction in Citrus ssp. show data from rind EOs (Dugo and Mondello,

2011). Besides, there are several papers reporting the volatile composition

either from neroli (Citrus flowers EO) (Boussaada and Chemli,

2006; Boussaada et al., 2007; Sarrou et al., 2013; Družić, 2016),

and petitgrain (Citrus leaves and little branches EO) (Lota et al.,

1999, 2001a,b, 2002; Alonzo et al., 2000; Huang et al., 2000; Brophy et al.,

2001; Vekiari et al., 2002, 2004; Fanciullino et al., 2005, 2006; Smadja et al.,

2005; Boussaada and Chemli, 2006; Boussaada et al., 2007; Tomi et al.,

2008; Singh et al., 2010; Guerrini et al., 2014; Družić, 2016; Paoli et al., 2016)

or from extracts of Citrus flowers (Choi, 2003a; Flamini et al.,

2007; Jabalpurwala et al., 2009; Flamini and Cioni, 2010; Cheong et al.,

2011b) and leaves (Gancel et al., 2002, 2003, 2005)

Latest study by Anwar, S et al., (2015) reveals that bitter orange (citrus

aurantium L.) essential oil is used as a mild sedative and hypnotic for its

soothing, calming, and motor relaxant effect. It also enhances sleeping time

and is used to treat an insomnia (CarValho-Freitas et al.,2002). Bitter orange

odor decreases the symptoms of anxiety, improves mood, and creates a

sense of well-being (Anwar, S et al., 2015).

Citrus fruits (family Rutacee) are among the most widely produced

fruits all over the world (Zhang et al.,2017). By using this fruit will not only be

beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of natural resources, but also can

add value of the agricultural process, and can turn waste into treasure.

Citrus peel possibly becomes a source of economic and environmental

problems because of fermentation and microbial spoilage processes (Casquet

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et al. ,2015, stain and Karimi,2018). The major advantage of utilizing citrus

peel industrial waste is that is readily available and a cheap source of

biomass which can be renewed (Chawan et al. ,2018).

Aromatherapy using citrus essential oils has been practiced as a

treatment method since ancient times. Aromatherapy is utilized to relieve

many symptoms such as body pain, vomiting, anxiety, depression, stress,

insomnia, etc. (Farrar,2020). Citrus essential oil has also been investigated for

their antimicrobial (Dosoky ,2018). And anti-oxidant activities (Lin et al. ,2021,

Bandalamenti et al. ,2022).

Agarwal et al. (2022) stated that the citrus essential oils possess a

pleasant scent, and impart relaxing, calming, mood uplifting, and cheer-

enhancing. He also states that citrus creates a fresh feeling and enhances

relaxation from stress and anxiety and helps uplifting mood and boosting

emotional and physical energy.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-Calamansi fruit -Manage the extraction -Calamansi oil-based

extract. techniques, steam perfume with long

- Collection of fresh distillation, and solvent lasting scent and free

calamansi fruit from extraction, to obtain the from skin irritation and a

different sources. desired oil. budget friendly

-Identification of key -Enfleurage process on especially to teenagers.

aromatic compounds extracting the aroma of

present in calamansi calamansi.

oil. -Formulation of perfume

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-Fabrics (Cotton blends.

&Denim) -Assessing the shelf life

of the perfume by

different conditions

such as

-Gathering the surveys

through sensory testing,

longevity, and

assessing aroma.

-Comparison of the

existing calamansi oil-

based perfume for

justifications or basis.

Figure 1.

The research conceptual framework that is shown in figure 1 is mainly

for creating a calamansi oil-based perfume.

It begins with input, where calamansi fruits are collected and harvested

from a variety of sources to ensure a representative sample, and the aromatic

compounds of it are then identified. Different fabrics like cotton and denim are

included to test the interaction with the perfume. The main aromatic

components in calamansi oil are then isolated to determine its

appropriateness for perfume manufacturing.

During the process phase, various extraction procedures, including

steam distillation and solvent extraction, are managed and adjusted to

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produce the best yield and quality of calamansi oil. The extracted oil is used to

create a variety of perfume mixes, experimenting with different combinations

to attain the desired aroma. The perfume's shelf life is tested under a variety

of climatic settings to assure stability. Sensory evaluations are undertaken to

collect input on the perfume's aroma, longevity, and general attractiveness,

which aids in product refinement. Furthermore, the novel perfume is

compared to existing calamansi oil-based perfumes to highlight improvements

and support the new composition.

This study resulted in a high-quality calamansi oil-based perfume that

holds its aroma for an extended period of time and causes no skin discomfort.

The finished product is intended to be reasonably priced, making it accessible

to teenagers while also meeting the necessary standards of quality, safety,

and affordability.

This will serve as a basis or guide for the researchers on their study in

developing a product made from calamansi extract as perfume.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to improve the longevity of the aromatic allure of

calamansi and its effect on the skin of the user from making an oil-based

perfume. Also, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1.At what concentration of calamansi extract will be the most effective as

perfume:

1.a. 45mg/ml

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1.b. 55mg/ml

2. How efficient is calamansi extract as a perfume in terms of:

2.a. Fragrance

2.b. Price

3. What type of fabric or cloth will the perfume last on?

3.a. Cotton

3.b. Maong

4. How effective the method in extracting the essential oils and aromatic

compound from calamansi?

5. What are the effects on the skin of the user?

Hypothesis

This study aims to explore the potential of calamansi in the perfume

industry and its effectiveness as an ingredient in an oil-based perfume and if it

has any significant effect on consumer interests and market sales near to

what is expected by the researchers. For this investigation, the directional

hypothesis could be; the inclusion of calamansi extract into an oil-based

perfume will result in a more appealing aromatic profile compared to

formulations without it. Should this hypothesis be true, it may provide fresh

ideas to perfume manufacturers with the potential outcome possibly spurring

further exploration of other unusual natural constituents and thus promote

even more innovation and diversity within the said industry. On the other

hand, if the study does not reach expectations, researchers may have to look

into other alternatives to reconsider. Either way, this research contributes

significantly to both fragrance and consumer behavior.

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Scope and Delimitation

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and long-

term stability of the aromatic allure of calamansi in making an oil-based

perfume, among Grade 11 students in Suyo National High School for the

current School Year 2024-2025. The scope of this study will be only limited to

60 respondents who are currently interested on perfumes. The researchers

will be able to answer on what part of the calamansi will be used as an

alternative ingredient and how will it affect the skin of the user. Observation,

and immersion will be adopted in order to follow up the needed information.

For a more thorough understanding the researcher will conduct a survey

using questionnaire.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will benefit the following:

Teenagers. The result of the study will serve as a support for the needs of

every teen especially in their hygiene considering their odors due to hormonal

changes occurring to their bodies at this age.

Farmers. The outcome of the study will serve as an economic opportunity for

farmers selling calamansi as one of their sources of income.

Community. The result of the study will be beneficial to the environment as

the perfume uses less chemicals that can contribute to the degradation of the

surroundings compared to ones sold on the market as of now.

Seller. The findings of the study will contribute to those individuals who aim to

sell the product (perfume) as their means of income.

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Researchers. The study's findings will help them increase their abilities,

creativity, resourcefulness, fundamental collaboration, and experience.

Future Researchers. The outcome of the study will serve as a basis, and

may guide and help the next researchers who aim to seek information with

similar topics.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined either operationally or conceptually.

Allure. It is how the aroma of a perfume attracts an individual in perfumery.

Aromatic. It is the way of having a pleasant and distinctive smell. (Oxford

Dictionary)

Aromatherapy. It is a way to console oneself with the help of pleasant

aromas.

Enfleurage. It is the process of extracting perfumes from flowers by means of

fats such as lard and olive oil; in flowering. (Oxford Dictionary)

Extraction. It is a technical process used by taking out the liquid (oil) from

calamansi necessary in making oil-based perfume.

Formula. It is a method that is used in making an oil-based perfume.

Oil-based perfume. It is a form of perfume in a lubricant formula.

Scent- It is the aroma by which the calamansi extraction is produced.

Solvent Extraction. It is one of the separation methods in which one

component or solute present in one phase is extracted into another phase by

using a suitable solvent. (ChemistNotes.com)

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Steam distillation. It is the distillation of a liquid in a current of steam, used

especially to purify liquids that are not very volatile and are immiscible with

water. (Oxford Language)

Stimuli. It is the reaction of olfactory sense from the perfume.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This research will use Quantitative Experimental-

Developmental Research Design. Experimental research is a scientific

method used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

In experimental research, the researcher manipulates one or more

independent variables to observe the effect on a dependent variable, while

controlling for extraneous variables that could influence the results (Cohen et

al., 2017; Mattila et al., 2021). This allows the researcher to be highly

advantageous since it offers the possibility of controlling the variables in order

to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between them. An

experimental research design is exceptionally suited for studying calamansi

essential oil-based perfume because it allows researchers to manipulate key

variables, such as oil concentration and types of fixatives, while controlling for

external factors that could affect the results. This design is vital for

establishing clear cause-and-effect relationships, enabling researchers to

determine how specific changes in formulation influence crucial aspects like

scent longevity, user satisfaction, and skin sensitivity.

On the other hand, developmental research is defined as the

systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional

programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of internal

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consistency and effectiveness. Furthermore, one type of developmental

research involves situations in which the product – development process is

analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated (Rita C. Richey)

1994. A developmental research design is suitable for the research on

calamansi essential oil-based perfume, as this approach is all about the use

of a structured and systematic way to develop, refine, and then test the

product over a long period of time. This method involves experimenting with

different concentrations of the perfume, combinations of essential and other

oils, and components with several such cycles to produce the desired result.

The research design is richly patient-centered; it suggests a reliable and

quality-controlled set of such criteria as the fragrance's aesthetic properties,

longevity, and safety aspects; conjointly, this list can be transformed into the

assessment of consumer acceptability. The information from the respondents

and the data collected can then guide the changes of the product to make it

better.

Sampling

In this study, the selection of respondents will be among the senior

high students of Suyo National High School, who meet the criteria for

inclusion- from being a teenager such as; those who have knowledge about

perfume, who have a keen interest in perfumes and/or those perfume user.

Sixty participants will be purposively selected to be included in the study, so,

experiences and opinions of most perfumes can be included in this research.

The study will apply non-probability sampling, which is purposive

sampling, that seeks research participants with certain characteristics or

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requirements that will apply to the study. Foley (2018) defines purposive

sampling as a form of non-probability sampling in which researchers rely on

their own judgement when choosing members of the population to participate

in the study.

Purposive sampling has been used because it empowers the

researcher in selecting individuals who might be more significant contributors

towards realizing valuable insights of acceptability of calamansi oil-based

perfume. Such a method will contribute to a higher understanding of what

preferences and perceptions are held for participants that innately have an

interest in perfume products.

Nevertheless, it will remain divided among teens to gain ideas from

both age groups. This sampling method is intended to be an informed and

pragmatic way to sample data from a specific population but allows better

achievement of the study objectives.

Section Population Sample Size

11- STEM/HUMSSa 40 20

11-TVL 36 20

11-Humssb 36 20

Total 112 60

Data Collection

The researchers will collect data using a questionnaire, the rating

scale, with closed and open-ended questions to ensure consistency in replies,

covering topics such as scent preference, perceived longevity, skin reactions,

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and overall satisfaction. Structured questionnaires will be administered to the

participants through a paper-based form. Once the data has been collected,

the researchers will collect and evaluate the responses using statistical

methods to identify trends and significant findings and the results are

summarized in a comprehensive report.

This methodological process ensures the collection of data to inform

the development of a low-cost, high-quality calamansi oil-based perfume.

Ethical Issues

The researcher will apply the principles of ethical considerations

developed by Bryman and Bell (2007). The ethical principles of the study will

be demonstrated, which will ensure the protection and respect of all the

participants in the study at all times. To begin with, the participants will not

suffer from any form of harm, be it physical, moral, or psychological. Prior to

the inception of the study, the above-mentioned Senior High School (STEM,

HUMSS, TVL) respondents will have provided their full and informed consent.

They will be adequately briefed about the objectives of the research, methods

being carried out, risks involved in the study and their right to voluntary

participation. It will also be made clear that participants have the right to

withdraw to take part in this study at any point in time, and there will be no

negative or adverse effects for anyone who chooses to do so. In relation to

confidentiality, the privacy of all participants will be complied with at all times.

All information relating to data was treated with strict confidentiality as

prescribed by the law, Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173), which prohibits

any identifying information from being associated with any answers. In

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 Department of Education
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SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

addition, data will be retrieved in such a way that the identities of those who

participated will be hidden. The researcher has the responsibility to conduct

the study in an objective manner, free from bias, and therefore no data or

findings will be misrepresented in any way. Potential conflicts of interest,

including funders or groups to which the authors belong, will be disclosed to

ensure transparency and proper conduct of research.

Finally, the intervention of the study shall be done in all sincerity and

transparency, and all participants will be updated on the progress of the study

and the outcome presented will reflect the truth as it should, with no bias

towards the positive outcomes nor the negative ones.

Plan for Data Analysis

Statistical Treatment

The researcher will use the following statistical methods to successfully

interpret the data treatment. The weighted mean and Likert scale are the tools

use to interpret data.

1.Weighted Mean

This will be used to determine the assessment of the respondents with

regards to their personal profiles. Formula: 𝑋 =

Fx
N

 X is the weighted mean

 F is the frequency

 x is the weight of each item

 N is the number of items

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

2.Data Categorization

The following norms will be used to interpret the result of the data.

Scale/ Scale/Range Descriptive rating Qualitative Description

Relative (DR)

5 4.21-5.00 Very Satisfied The effect of the

perfume has

exceptional citrus

scent, well-balanced,

long-lasting, and

exceeds expectations.

4 3.41-4.20 Satisfied The effect of the

perfume has pleasant

scent, good balance,

decent longevity, and

meets expectations.

3 2.61-3.40 Neutral/Uncertain The effect of the

perfume has

acceptable scent,

unremarkable, and

average performance.

2 1.81-2.60 Unsatisfied The effect of the

perfume has weak or

overwhelming scent,

poor balance, and

short-lasting scent.

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 Department of Education
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SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

1 1.00-1.80 Very Unsatisfied The effect of the

perfume has harsh or

artificial scent, lacks

appeal and longevity.

3.Frequency

This will be used in the study to identify the number of the respondents who

undergo the research on how efficient calamansi extract is as a perfume in

terms of its fragrance, and on what type of fabric or cloth the scent lasts on

from either cotton or maong, and even the effects of the perfume to the skin of

the users. The frequency will be determined by the number of respondents

who answered each sub-questions, then compute the percentage by the total

number of respondents.

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

DepEd Tayo - Suyo National High School - 300085
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300085@deped.gov.ph
22
 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

References

Athar, M. (2020, April). Detrimental effects of perfumes, aroma &

cosmetics. Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetology.
https://medcraveonline.com/JDC/detrimental-effects-of-perfumes-
aroma-amp-cosmetics.html

Atlantis Press | Atlantis Press Open Access Publisher Scientific Technical

Medical Proceedings Journals Books.
https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iccscp-21/125962517

Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) fruit extract as a perfume. (2014,

March). SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/calamansi-
citrofortunella-microcarpa-fruit-extract-as-a-perfume/32535174

Calamansi - Pdfcoffee.com. (2019, October). pdfcoffee.com.

https://pdfcoffee.com/-calamansi-pdf-free.html

Calunsag, J., Dioso, E., Lucenio, S., (MARCH 2020). CALAMANSI

(Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruit as an Alternative Substitute Ingredient
for Perfumes.

Chanthapon et. al. (2023, December). Current and Potential Use of Citrus
Essential oil.https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/260598935_Current_and_Potential_Use_of_Citrus_Essenti
al_Oils/references

Cheong, M. W., Chong, Z. S., Liu, S. Q., Zhou, W., Curran, P., & Yu, B.
(2012, September). Characterisation of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa).
Part II: Volatiles, physicochemical properties and non-volatiles in the
juice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.162.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814612003
779

ClerSaints. (n.d.). Calamansi as perfume thesis. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/document/578976315/CALAMANSI-AS-
PERFUME-THESIS

Cohen et al., 2017; Mattila et al., (2021). Exploring Experimental Research

Methodologies Designs and Applications Across Disciplines.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37879535_Exploring_Experi
mental_Research_Methodologies_Designs_and_Applications_Across_
Disciplines

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

DepEd Tayo - Suyo National High School - 300085
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300085@deped.gov.ph
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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

Foley, (2018). Non-probability Sampling Technique

eprajournals.com/IJMR/article/6307/download

Iris Publishers. (n.d.). Microencapsulation of Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa)

essential oil onto β-cyclodextrin for cotton fabric application.
https://irispublishers.com/jtsft/fulltext/microencapsulation-of-calamansi-
citrus-microcarpa-essentialoil-onto-cyclodextrin-for-cotton-
fabric.ID.000639.php

KrishaRueco-Angoluan. (n.d.). Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) fruit

Extract as perfume. Scribd.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/294496855/Calamansi-Citrofortunella-
Microcarpa-Fruit-Extract-as-Perfume

Ranchida, P., Dugo, P., Mondello, L., Dugo, G., (2012, March). Analysis of
Citrus essential oils: State of the art and future perspectives. A review.
Flavor and Fragrance Journal.

Uijano, Ma., (2023, August). International Journal of ADVANCED AND

APPLIED SCIENCES

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

“An experimental Research on the aromatic allure of calamansi in

making oil-based perfume”

NAME: (Optional)_______________________________________

GRADE LEVEL AND SECTION: ______________________

AGE: ______

GENDER: ___________

Direction: Put a check (√ ) on the box that corresponds to your

answer. Based on your perspective.

I. THE USE OF CALAMANSI PERFUME

1) Which type of perfume are you currently using?

Oil based

body mist

2.What do you prefer stronger or lighter version of this scent?

Stronger

lighter

3.Do you have skin allergies?

Yes

No

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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

PRODUCT TESTED

Please indicate your level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with

each of these statements regarding calamansi oil-based perfume. Put a

checkmark (√ ) in the box that corresponds to your answer.

Very Satisfied – 5

Satisfied – 4

Neutral – 3

Unsatisfied – 2

Very Unsatisfied – 1

Questions 5 4 3 2 1

1.How satisfied were you with calamansi

extract oil-based perfume?

2.How would you rate the freshness in our

products?

3. How would you rate the scent of calamansi

oil-based perfume?

4.How did the perfume feel on your skin?

5. Did you feel that the perfume suited your

personality or style?

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

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 Department of Education
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SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
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II. EVALUATE AND RESPONSE

Put a check (√ ) on the box to your answer. For number three please

answer the question based on your opinion.

1. Did you notice any skin irritation or allergic reaction after applying the

perfume?

Itchy skin

Fragrance Allergies

Rash or redness

2.How long does the scent last?

Less than 1 hour

1-2 hour

3-6 hour

More than 6 hours

4. What type of cloth did the perfume last on?

Cotton

Maong/Denim

3. How much you expect or be willing to expend on a 45ml bottle calamansi

oil-based perfume?

200-250 php

150-200 php

Below 150 php

4. How about on a 55ml bottle of calamansi oil-based perfume?

200-250 php

150-200 php

Below 150 php

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 Department of Education
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SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

5. What method do you think is suitable to use for extraction process of

essential oil from calamansi for better result?

Hydro distillation

Steam Distillation

Blender

7. Do you have any suggestion for improving this calamansi extract

Oil-based perfume?

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

DepEd Tayo - Suyo National High School - 300085
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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
SUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Suyo, Ilocos Sur
S

Consent

This is a research study for understanding the preferences and perceptions of

customers of oil-based perfumes, particularly those containing natural

calamansi essential oil. Your participation is highly valued and will go towards

enabling a better understanding of the topic at hand. This study seeks to

understand customer preferences for oil-based perfumes to guide future

innovations in sustainable and consumer-friendly goods. There are no

perceived risks associated with your participation in this study, and your

information will significantly contribute to developing and understanding

consumer-preferred and sustainable oil-based perfumes. You are free to

decline or withdraw from participation at any time without reprisal or obligation

for explanation.

By signing below, you confirm that you have read and understood the details

of the study, and you voluntarily agree to participate in the survey.

Thank you for your valuable contribution to this research.

__________________________________

Participant’s Signature Over Printed Name

Date: __________________________

BarangayUrzadan, 2715 Suyo, Ilocos Sur

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29