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Course Information

Course Leader and Lecturer

Dr. Guoyang LU
Email: guoyanlu@cityu.edu.hk
Tel: 3442-6474
Office: FW411

Lecturer
Dr. Amy TAN
Email: amytan@cityu.edu.hk
Tel: 3442 7238
Office: FW458

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 Course Outline
* No class on 24 Jan 2023 (Lunar New Year)
Week Lecture/Seminar (Venue: LI 1610) Lecturer Lecture Materials
(Tuesday 09:00-11:50)
One - 10 Jan Introduction to Development Control Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Two - 17 Jan Building Control in Hong Kong Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Three - 31 Jan Building control process Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Four - 07 Feb Building (Planning) Regulations Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Five - 14 Feb Town planning control Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Six - 21 Feb Lease control Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Seven - 28 Feb Mid-term test Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Eight - 07 Mar Country park control Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Nine - 14 Mar Small houses / building maintenance control Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Ten - 21 Mar Student presentation I Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Eleven - 28 Mar Student Presentation II Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
Twelve - 04 Apr End-term assessment Amy TAN Files on Canvas
Thirteen - 11 Apr Course revision Amy TAN /Guoyang LU Files on Canvas
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 Course Assessment
• 100% in-course assessment
Assignment (assessment weighting) Date for issue Date for Remarks
submission
No. 1 [Assignment: 25%] Week 4/5 TBC
No. 2 [Mid-term test: 20%] Week 7
No. 3 [Presentation : 25%] Week 11 To be announced later
No. 4 [End-term test: 30%] Week 12

Penalties for late/non- submission

Failure to submit assessment tasks on Penalties
time / Non-submission
Late within 5 working days Deduction of 20% of the total mark assigned to that assignment
component
Late for more than 5 working days No marks being awarded to that assignment
component
Non-submission No marks being awarded to that assignment
component
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 Amy Tan
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
City University of Hong Kong
amytan@cityu.edu.hk
3442 7238
FW458

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 Learning Outcomes
Explain
• the considerations related to built environment
• the objectives of planning control, lease control and building control
• the uses of Outline Zoning Plan, Outline Development Plan, Land Lease

Apply, analyze and evaluate

• Outline Zoning Plan, Outline Development Plan, Land Lease in relation
to land usages

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 Construction Industry:
Architecture, Engineering and Construction
A sector that provides services on the architectural design, engineering design and construction services

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 Building and Engineering Designer
A Designer in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry is an important professional
familiar with all aspects of the building trade, who plans and designs representing the particular
needs, style and budget of the client

Buildings and similar structures, e.g.

metro terminals, underground carpark

Architect
Designer Client Constructor
Civil Engineer Contractor/ builder
carrying out the
construction works
Infrastructure and building structures,
e.g. roads, bridges, canals, dams, and
buildings
Design-Bid-Build Arrangement
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 Architects – building designers
Low-rise Buildings – Ultra High-rise Buildings –
usually simple and High-rise Buildings complex and multiple usage with extensive services
not many facilities and facilities

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 Architects – building designers

Building forms:
shape or configuration of a building

https://melisacar.wordpress.com/tag/form/

Structures should be structurally stable:

able to support/ resist different loadings,
e.g. dead load, live load, wind load and etc.

http://www.archdaily.com/553933/markthal-rotterdam-mvrdv http://www.bimwise.com/2016/10/for-construction-issue-of-
structural.html#!/2016/10/for-construction-issue-of-structural.html

Multiple usage:
integration of different functional regions to
meet the needs of the users

Performance requirements:
safety and convenience, etc.
http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/the-future-of-the-shopping-mall
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 Loadings

https://gharpedia.com/blog/types-of-loads-on-structures/s 13
 Loadings
Live loads

http://www.nishkian.com/live-loads-explained-for-structural-design/ https://phys.org/news/2014-04-precision-huge.html

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 Loadings
Wind loads – positive and negative Wind Tunnel and other facilities in the Department of ACE

http://poolenclosuresinc.com/codes

https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/buildright/content/bcgb
c4010a/01_loads_loading/01_primary_loads/page_004.htm
http://osman.midilli.com/2011/05/26/istanbul-yuksek-binalar-ruzgar-yonetmeligi/ 15
 Geotechnical
Slop problems Foundation Retaining structures

http://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/chi/lic/Html_08/yutungroad.aspx
http://www.bachy-soletanche.com.hk/nindex.php?serial=56&qserial=56 http://www.thepolisblog.org/2011/09/street-trees-in-hong-kong.html

https://constrofacilitator.com/different-types-of-foundation- https://www.dywidag-systems.com/projects/project-
http://www.cmrockeng.com/services-rockslopes.html
used-in-building-and-structures/ details/article/new-sports-stadium-hong-kong.html

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 Building Services

Name one type of building service that you can

find in a building.

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Building services
• Air-conditioning Systems
• Fire Protection Systems
• Water Supply Systems
• Electrical Supply Systems
• Plumbing and Drainage Systems
• Lift and Escalators
• Lighting
• Security Systems
• Control Systems
• Etc.

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 Fire Safety
Contributing causes of Grenfell Tower fire (14 June 2017)
• “Stay put” policy
• Exposed gas pipes
• Used of a less fire-resistant Reynobond PE cladding
• lacked basic fire safety features (e.g., fire alarms, sprinklers, and a fire escape, a single staircase)

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 Fire Safety
• Choice of materials
• Fire protection systems – fire
suppression, fire and smoke barriers,
etc. e.g. fire hydrant, hose reel,
sprinklers, smoke detectors, fire
shutters, etc.
• Escape system

How to escape from super tall buildings? 20

Transportation and Traffic Planning

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 Transportation and Traffic Planning

https://modellingplay.wordpress.com/2012/10/02/the-process-of- http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/china-plans-new-
modelling-is-everywhere/ shen7hen-kicks7tart-sustai7nable/

http://www.co.dutchess.ny.us/CountyGov/Dep https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/12/06/the-
artments/TransportationCouncil/12868.htm http://www.construction-post.com/road-works-eyed-central-district/ hk-zhuhai-macau-bridge-an-economic-
excuse-for-a-political-gamble/

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Construction Management and Surveying

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In Hong Kong: All building works should be approved by the Building Authority
(Ref. Cap 123 Hong Kong Buildings Ordinance)

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How can the government assure proper use and development of land with
the objective of making Hong Kong a better place to live and work in?

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We have to control the development of lands to:
• shape a quality living and working environment,
• facilitate economic development,
• promote the health, safety, convenience and general welfare of the community

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Building and Land Development Control

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 Building and Land Development Control
1. Planning control (through Town Planning Ordinance [TPO]) – control the land usage

2. Lease control(through land lease conditions) – govern the land use and related land
matters, etc

3. Building control (through Buildings Ordinance and allied regulations) – control

the building design, etc

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 1. Planning Control

Control on the "macro" scale of building development (i.e. city planning, land use,
etc.) by Planning Department through administration of:
• statutory Town Planning Ordinance (TPO),
• Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs),
• planning applications,
• etc

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 1. Planning Control
“The Planning Department is responsible for the preparation of various types of town plans to guide the proper use
and development of land with the objective of making Hong Kong a better place to live and work in. These plans
range from development strategies for the entire territory to detailed layout plans for individual districts.”
(Director of Planning: http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/about_us/d_message/index.html)

Victoria Harbour http://hongwrong.com/old-hong-kong/

Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda 32
 1. Planning Control

https://www.fso.gov.hk/eng/blog/blog20211010.htm 33
1. Planning Control
Should we need to control the real estate
development process?

What will be the usage of the site?

Which part of the site cannot be used/ built?

What size of the building(s) can be put on

the site?

What other restricts should be considered?

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 2. Lease Control
In drawing up the lease conditions in respect of a building lot, the Government
(Lands Department) as the lessor stipulates development requirements such as:
• user,
• site coverage,
• plot ratio,
• building height,
• non-building areas,
• design and disposition,
• parking and loading/unloading
• requirements, etc.
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 2. Lease Control
What can be built on a particular site?

What will be size/ bulk of the buildings

to be constructed on a site?

Any height
restriction?

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 2. Lease Control
Civil Aviation Department has imposed height restriction for all permanent structures in accordance with the
Hong Kong Airport Control of Obstructions Ordinance

Height Restriction Map 37

 3. Building Control

Implemented by Buildings Department and focuses mainly on setting and

enforcing standards of safety, health and environment for the built environment

These standards are determined by/evolved as reflections of:

• Social values
• Economic viability
• Technological feasibility/advancement
which change over time

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 3. Building Control

Control the construction process!

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 Town Planning

One of the prime function of town planning is to provide a satisfactory

environment for the present and future development of a society.

Xiqu Center

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 Planning System
Hong Kong’s planning system comprises:
• development strategies at the territorial level; and
• various types of statutory and development plans at the district/local level.

Guiding the preparation of development strategies and statutory and

development plans is:
• the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines;
• relevant development related policy and principles; and
• community views

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Planning System

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 Town Planning Ordinance (TPO) (Cap 131)

https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap131

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 At District Level

Land use at district level is govern by:

• Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
• Development Permission Area Plan (DPA)
• Outline Development Plan
• Layout Plan
• etc

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 At District Level
Two types of statutory plans are prepared and published by the Town Planning
Board under the provisions of the Town Planning Ordinance:
• The first type is Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) which shows the land use zones, development parameters and
major road systems of an individual planning area. Areas covered by OZPs are in general zoned for uses
such as residential, commercial, industrial, green belt, open space, government/institution/community uses
or other specified purposes. Attached to each OZP is a Schedule of Notes showing the uses which are
always permitted (Column 1 uses) in a particular zone and other uses for which prior permission from the
Town Planning Board must be sought (Column 2 uses).

• The second type is Development Permission Area (DPA) Plan. DPA Plans are prepared to provide interim
planning control, and development guidance for rural areas in the New Territories until more detailed OZPs
are prepared. DPA Plans indicate broad land use zones and are also accompanied by Schedules of Notes
showing Column 1 and 2 uses. DPA Plans are effective for a period of three years and will be replaced by
OZPs.

Extracted from: Planning Department Information (http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/town_planning.pdf) 46

 Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
Outline Zoning Plans are prepared under the provision of the Town Planning Ordinance.
They are statutory documents with legal authority.

They are intended to show the public in a

generalized manner the proposed land use and
development pattern for the districts they cover.

Each of these plans is accompanied by an

explanatory Statement (which is not part of the plan)
and a schedule of uses (which is part of the plan).
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Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
Example: North Point

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Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
Example: San Po Kong

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 Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
Specified on the plan about the
permitted usage of the designated
Zone

R(A)

R(B)

R(A): Residential (Group A)

R(B): Residential (Group B)
O
C/I: Commercial / industrial
O: Open Space
C/I
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Outline Zoning Plan (OZP): Schedule of Notes/Use
Zonal General Usage

Column 1 Column 2

………. ……….
……….. ………..
……… ………
………. ……….

Always permitted usage Permitted upon application

under s16 of TPO 53
Outline Zoning Plan (OZP): Schedule of Notes/Use

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 Outline Development Plan
Outline Development Plan mainly as Government internal guiding plans.

Similar to Outline Zoning Plan but Outline Development Plan details much more exact
information about the uses and development types permissible on individual sites.

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Outline Development Plan

Similar to outline zoning plans

but with more details

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 Lease Control

On each part of the OZP, there may have different pieces of land and
may be leased to different owners under a lease (contract) 58
 Land Lease
The contractual limitations that can be imposed on an owner of a land in Hong Kong are
those provided for in the land lease

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 Common Restrictions in a Land Lease

• Usage (Residential, industrial, etc.)

• Plot ratio (or in the form of maximum permissible Gross Floor Area)
• Site coverage (% Total GFA/ Site Area)
• Height of building
• Non-building area
• Car parking arrangement
• etc

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Common Restrictions in a Land Lease

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To continue next week….

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