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FEM_Types_Element_Shapes_Report

The document discusses the classification of finite element shapes used in analysis, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, axi-symmetric, and three-dimensional elements. It details the characteristics and applications of various element types, such as triangular and rectangular elements, as well as higher-order elements. The document concludes with a brief mention of the importance of tetrahedrons and hexahedrons in three-dimensional problems.

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18 views4 pages

FEM_Types_Element_Shapes_Report

The document discusses the classification of finite element shapes used in analysis, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, axi-symmetric, and three-dimensional elements. It details the characteristics and applications of various element types, such as triangular and rectangular elements, as well as higher-order elements. The document concludes with a brief mention of the importance of tetrahedrons and hexahedrons in three-dimensional problems.

Uploaded by

shashankgowda8790
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Master public speaking

Mirjam Nilsson

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS:

TYPES OF ELEMENT SHAPES

Agenda

Classification of element shape

1D Elements

2D Elements

Axi-symmetric Elements

3D Elements

Element Shapes

Based on the shapes elements can be classified as

One dimensional elements

Two dimensional elements

Axi-symmetric elements and

Three dimensional elements.

One dimensional elements

One Dimensional Elements These elements are suitable for the analysis of one-dimensional

problem and may be called as line elements also. Figure shows different types of one-dimensional

elements.
4

Two Dimensional Elements

Two Dimensional Elements: We need two dimensional elements to solve two dimensional problems.

Common two-dimensional problems in stress analysis are plane stress, plane strain and plate

problems.

Two dimensional elements often used is three nodded triangular element shown in Fig. It has the

distinction of being the first and most used element.

These elements are known as Constant Strain Triangles (CST) or Linear Displacement Triangles.

Two Dimensional Elements

Six nodded and ten nodded triangular elements are also used by the analysts. Six nodded

triangular element is known as Linear Strain Triangle (LST) or as Quadratic Displacement Triangle.

Ten nodded triangular elements are known as Quadratic Strain Triangles (QST) or Cubic

Displacement Triangles.

Linear Strain Triangle

Quadratic Strain Triangles

Two Dimensional Elements

One can think of trying the use of still higher order triangular elements like Cubic Strain Triangles

and Quartic Strain Triangles.

A simple but less used two-dimensional element is the four nodded rectangular element whose
sides are parallel to the global coordinate systems . This systems is easy to construct automatically

but it is not well suited to approximate inclinedboundaries.

Cubic Strain Triangles

Quartic Strain Triangles

Two Dimensional Elements

Rectangular elements of higher order also can be used. Family of Lagrange rectangle in which

nodes are in the form of grid points.

The family of Serendipity rectangles which are having nodes only along the external boundaries.

Lagrange family rectangle s

Serendipity family rectangles

Two Dimensional Elements

Quadrilateral Elements are also used in finite element analysis. Initially quadrilateral elements were

developed by combining triangular elements. But it has taken back stage after isoparametric

concept was developed.

Isoparametric concept is based on using same functions for defining geometries and nodal

unknowns. Even higher order triangular elements may be used to generate quadrilateralelements.

Quadrilateral Element Quadrilateral Elements generated using triangular

elements
Axi-symmetric Elements

These are also known as ring type elements.

These elements are useful for the analysis of axi-symmetric problems such as analysis of cylindrical

storage tanks, shafts, rocket nozzles.

Axi-symmetric elements can be constructed from one- or two-dimensional elements.

One dimensional axi-symmetric element is a conical frustum and a two-dimensional axi-symmetric

element is a ring with a triangular or quadrilateral cross section.

10

Axi-symmetric Elements

Three Dimensional Elements

Similar to the triangle for two dimensional problems tetrahedron is the basic element for three

dimensional problems.

Tetrahedron is having four nodes, one at each corner. Three dimensional elements with eight nodes

are either in the form of a general hexahedron or a rectangular prism, which is a particular case of a

hexahedron.

The rectangular prism element is many times called as a brick element also. In these elements also

one can think of using higher order elements.

11

Thank you

SHASHANK GOWDA G

1AY22AE047

shashankgowdag.22.beae@acharya.ac.in

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