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Historyg 8

The document discusses the differing views of company officials in India regarding education, highlighting the promotion of Indian texts by some and criticism from others. It outlines the educational philosophies of notable figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, emphasizing the importance of vernacular education and self-respect. Additionally, it details the measures taken by the British to improve education systems and the impact of English education on Indian society.

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11 views4 pages

Historyg 8

The document discusses the differing views of company officials in India regarding education, highlighting the promotion of Indian texts by some and criticism from others. It outlines the educational philosophies of notable figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, emphasizing the importance of vernacular education and self-respect. Additionally, it details the measures taken by the British to improve education systems and the impact of English education on Indian society.

Uploaded by

ayushipratapsingh2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRADE-VIII

HISTORY

CIVILIZING THE NATIVE EDUCATING THE NATION

LONG ANSWER QUESTION

1. Why did many company officials in India want to promote Indian texts
rather than western learning?
Ans: i) company officials in India wanted to encourage the study of ancient
Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry.
ii) They believed that only by doing this British could win the hearts of
Indians.

2. What were the views of other company officials?


Ans: i) Other company officials did not approve the ideas of Orientalists.
ii) They began to criticize the Orientalist vision of learning.
iii) They said that the knowledge of East was full of errors and unscientific
thoughts.

3. What measures were undertaken by the company to improve the system


of vernacular education? How were the irregularities of pathshalas checked
by the company?
Ans: i) The company appointed Government pandits to oversee four to five
schools each. Pandit’s role was to improve the quality of teaching by visiting
schools.
ii) The company introduced new rules, routines and regular inspections.
iii) The company introduced textbooks for teaching.
iv) Company required students to pay regular fees.
4. What type of education did Mahatma Gandhi want in India?
Ans: i) Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover
their sense of dignity and self respect.
ii) Mahatma Gandhi strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the
medium of teaching. Education in English distanced from social surroundings
and strangers in their own land.
iii) He argued that education ought to develop person’s mind and soul.
Literacy did not count as education, work with hands develop their mind and
capacity to understand.

5. Write a note on Rabindranath Tagore and his school Shantiniketan.


Ans: i) Rabindranath Tagore like Mahatma Gandhi also did not approve
Western Education.
ii) Rabindranath Tagore wanted to establish school where the children were
happy, free to explore their thoughts and desires.
iii) Rabindranath Tagore started institution in the name of Shantiniketan in
1901.
iv) He regarded it as an “Abode of Peace”.
v) Tagore was of the opinion that existing schools were killing the desires of
children so it was necessary to help them develop their curiosity by providing
good teachers who could understand them.
vi) Shanti Niketan did a great job in field of education.

6. What was the opinion of Sri Aurobindo on the National Education?


Ans: i) Sir Aurobindo stated that the goal of National Education was to
awaken the spirit of Nationality among the students.
ii) He believed education should be imparted in the Vernacular so as to reach
the largest number of people.
iii) He emphasized students should connect to their roots and take full
advantage modern scientific discoveries and Western experiments.
7. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy
and law?
Ans: i) William Jones shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both India
and West.
ii) He felt that study of Indian history, philosophy and law would not only
help the British learn from Indian culture, but it would also help Indians
rediscover their own heritage and understand the lost glories of their past.
iii) William Jones believed that only a new study of legal texts could from the
basis of future development in India.

8. Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved
Indians?
Ans: i) Mahatma Gandhi thought that English education had enslaved Indians
because-
a) It made them see Western civilization as superior and destroyed the pride
they had in their own culture.
ii) Charmed by the West and after getting Western education they began
admiring British rule.
iii) It had poisoned their minds and soul.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. Why did many company officials in India want to promote Indian texts
rather than Western learning?
Ans: i) They felt that institutions should be set up to encourage the study of
ancient Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry.
ii) They believed by doing this they can win the hearts of Indians.
2. Why did the company take decision to improve the system of Vernacular
education?
Ans: i) William Adam found system of education in local schools called as
Pathshalas was flexible.
ii) There is no fee, no benches or chairs, no annual examination.
iii) Classes were held under banyan tree.
iv) Teaching was oral and guru decided what to teach.
v) After company got Adam’s report, they took decision to improve the
system of vernacular press.

3. What measures were taken by English education Act of 1835?


Ans: i) English was made the medium of instruction for higher education.
ii) English textbooks produced for schools.
iii) Promotion of Oriental institution like Calcutta, Madrasa and Benaras
Sanskrit College was stopped.

4. What measures were taken by the British after issuing of Wood’s


Despatch?
Ans: i) A special government of department to promote higher education.
ii) Female education should be promoted.
iii) Higher education should be given through English language.

5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicrafts?


Ans: i) People would work with their hands.
ii) The craft would develop their minds.
iii) It would also develop their capacities to understand.

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