Grade VIII – Geography

Lesson 5. Industries

Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each)

I. Multiple choice questions

1. Silicon valley is located in

(a)Bengaluru (b) Ahmedabad

(c) California (d) none of these

2. Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industries?

(a)Iron and steel industry (b) Cotton textile

(c) Information technology (d) none of these

3. Which one of following is a natural fibre?

(a) Nylon (b) Jute

(c) Acrylic (d) none of these

4. Iron is made from

(a) copper (b) bronze

(c) silver (d) iron ore

5. Cottage or household industries are _______________ scale industry.

(a) long (b) large

(c) short (d) small

6. In large scale industries, the investment of capital is

(a) higher (b) nil

(c) smaller (d) none of these

7. The industries which are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals is called

(a) Private sector (b) Joint sector

(c) State owned (d) Cooperative sector

8. Anand Milk Union Limited is an example of

(a) Joint sector (b) Public sector

(c) Cooperative sector (d) Private sector

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9. Which among the following is not factor for industries?

(a) Raw material (b) Air

(c) Land (d) Labour

10. Which region extends from Bansbaria in the north to Birlanagar in the south?

(a) Mumbai-Pune (c) Gujarat

(c) Hugli (d) Chhotanapur

11. _____________ are the raw materials of textile industry.

(a) Water (b) Fibres

(c) Wheels (d) Train

12. Which of the following is one of the oldest industries in the world?

(a) Steel (b) Copper

(c) Cotton (d) Iron

13. The first cotton textile mill was in

(a) Kolkata (b) Mumbai

(c) Delhi (d) Haryana

14. Bengaluru is located on the

(a) desert (b) mountains

(c) deccan plateau (d) plains

1.(c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (a)

8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (c)

II. Multiple choice questions

1. What class of economic activities does manufacturing come under?

a. Primary b. Secondary

c. Tertiary d. Primary as well as secondary

2. Which industry is the base of all other industries?

a. Cotton Textile industry b. Leather industry

c. Iron and steel industry d. IT industry

3. What class of industries does MarutiUdyog come under?

a. Joint sector b. Private sector

c. Public sector d. Cooperative sector

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4. Which of these factors affect the location of industries?

a. Power b. Availability of raw material

c. Transport d. All of these

5. What process does the iron ore undergo in a blast furnace?

a. Smelting b. Refining c. Extraction d. None of these

6. What is the output of iron and steel industry?

a. Steel b. Pig iron c. Iron ore d. All of these

7. Which of these states has some major steel producing centres?

a. Punjab b. Jharkhand c. Tamil Nadu d. Maharashtra

8. What is the name of the place where TISCO began?

a. Kharkai b. Calcutta c. Sakchi d. Rourkela

9. From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?

a. Silicon Valley b. Florida c. Minnesota d. Washington

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c)

III. Multiple choice questions

1. PRELUDE

(i) Which of the following is a secondary activity?

a. Iron and steel industry b. Coal mining industry

c. Fishing d. Agriculture

(ii) Change of raw materials into products of more value to people is called

a. Manufacturing b. resources

c. population d. none of these

2. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES

(i) Which is not the agro-based industry?

a. Oil b. Textile c. Sugar d. Food Processing

(ii) Marine-based industries are based on

a.Minerals b. forest products

c. agricultural products d. oceanic products

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(iii) Fish is a product of the

a.Mineral-based industries b. agro-based industries

c. marine-based industries d. forest-based industries

(iv) Basket weaving falls in the category of

a.Small-scale industry b. cottage industry

c. large-scale industry d. none of these

(v) Which of the following is a private sector industry?

a. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited b. Tata iron and Steel Industry

c. Steel Authority of India d. National Thermal Power Corporation

(vi) Why are state owned industries called public sector industries?

a. Because they are established, run and maintained by private people.

b. Because they are established, run and maintained by the government

c. Both (a) and (b)

d. None of these

3. FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES

(i) Which factors affect the location of industry?

a.Land b. Labour c. Capital d. All of these

(ii) Industrialisation often lead to:

a.Poverty b. Population c. Development d. None of these

4. INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM

(i) Major industrial regions are located near:

a.Inputs b. Processes c. Output d. All of these

5. INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

(i) Major industrial regions are located near:

a.Deserts b. Sea Ports c. Glaciers d. Mountains

6. DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES

(i) Which metal is often called the backbone of modern industry?

a.Steel b. Gold c. Silver d. aluminium

7. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY

(i) The earlier name of Jamshedpur was:

a.Sakshi b. Sakchi c. Subarnarekha d. Kharkai

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(ii) Which among the following is the largest lake?

a. Huran b. Superior c. Ontario d. Michigan

8. COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY

(i) Which is not the quality of clothes?

a. Muslin b. Chintzes c. Calicos d. Osaka

9. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(i) ITI is the full form of

a. Indian Training Institute b. Institute of Technology of India

c. Indian Telephone Industry d. Industrial Technology Institute

1.(i) – (a) 1.(ii) – (a) 2.(i) – (a) 2. (ii) – (d)

2.(iii) – (c) 2.(iv) – (b) 2.(v) – (b) 2.(vi) – (b)

3.(i) – (d) 3.(ii) – (c) 4.(i) – (d) 5.(i) – (b)

6.(i) – (a) 7.(ii) – (b) 8.(i) – (d) 9.(i) – (c)

IV. Multiple choice questions

1. Which one of the following statement is correct?

a.Handloom textile industry is labour intensive industry.

b.Manufacturing is known as a tertiary activity.

c.Most of the industries use raw materials obtained from the sea.

d.Iron and Steel Industry is known as Sunrise Industry.

2. Which one of the following statement is not correct?

a.While smelting, heating is done beyond melting point.

b.The Iron and Steel Industry is known as backbone industry.

c.Milk dairies like Mother Dairy are joint sector industries.

d.Alloying with other elements changes the properties of steel.

3. From which place the iron ore comes to Pittsburgh?

a.California b. Minnesota c. Florida d. New Jersey

4. Which one of the following is a Private Sector Industry?

a.MarutiUdyog Limited b. Anand Milk Union Limited

c. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited d. Tata Iron and Steel Industry

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5. Which one of the following is a Public Sector Industry?

a.Hindustan Aeronautics Limited b. Anand Milk Union Limited

c. MarutiUdyog Limited d. Tata Iron and Steel Industry

6. Which one of the following is a Joint Sector Industry?

a.Tata Iron and Steel Industry b. Basket weaving

c. MarutiUdyog Limited d. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

7. Which one of the following is a Cottage Industry?

a.Tata Iron and Steel Industry b. Basket weaving

c. MarutiUdyog Limited d. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (b)

I. Match the Columns

Columns A Columns B

1.Fishing (a) Tertiary activity

2.Silicon Valley (b) Japan

3.Transport (c) Primary activity

4.Osaka (d) California

1.(c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)

II. Match the Columns

Column A Column B

1.Private Sector Industries a.MarutiUdyog Ltd.

2.Public Sector Industries b.Anand Milk Union Ltd.

3.Joint Sector Industries c.Basket-weaving

4.Co-operative Sector Industries d.Tata Iron and Steel Industry

5. Cottage Industries e. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.

1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)

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 III. Match the Columns

I. Column A Column B

1. Private sector a. Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd.

2. Public sector b. MarutiUdyog Ltd.

3. Joint sector c. Poddar& Sons Pvt. Ltd.

4. Co-operative sector d. Amul (Anand Milk Union Ltd.)

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d)

II. Type of Industry Basis of Classification

1. Private sector industry a. Size

2. Marine industry b. Ownership

3. Small scale industry c. Raw material

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a)

I. Fill in the blanks

1.Ahmedabad is located on the banks of river _________ in Gujarat.

2.The ___________industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information.

3.Ahmedabad is referred as ___________ India.

4.MarutiUdyog Limited is an example of _________ industry.

5.______________ is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut or made into wires.

6.______________ are mined with steel equipment.

7.The production of hand-woven cotton textile was _________and ___________.

1.Sabarmati 2.Information Technology 3. Manchester 4. Joint sector

5. Steel 6. Minerals 7. Expensive, time consuming

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 II. Fill in the blanks

1. The river that provides sufficient water to Osaka’s textile industry is __________.

2. Basket- weaving, handicraft and pottery are examples of ________ industries.

3. Factors affecting location of industries are _________, _________, _________,

___________, etc. (given any four)

4. The four states where most steel producing centres are located are ________, _________,

___________ and _________.

5. The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad in _________.

1. Yodo

2. small-scale

3. power, raw material, labour, capital, market, transport, communication, etc.

4. West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh.

5. 1859

III. Fill in the blanks

1. ______________ is an example of co-operative sector industry.

2. First cotton textile mill was established in _______________ in 1854.

1. Anand Milk Union Ltd. 2. Mumbai

IV. Fill in the blanks

1. Basket weaving is a ______ scale industry.

2.__________ sector enterprises are owned by the government.

3._______ system consists of input, process and output.

4.Iron and steel industry is a ______ industry.

5.Osaka is an important textile centre of ________.

1. Small 2. Public 3. Industrial 4. Feeder 5. Japan

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 I. True or False

1.Osaka is known as ‘Manchester of Japan’.

2.IT industry is called knowledge industry.

3.Coal mining industry is marine-based.

4.Forest based industries utilise forest produce as raw materials.

5.Nylon is a natural fibre.

6.An industrial system consists of inputs only.

7.GaoQiao is in China.

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. False 7. True

II. True or False

1. The leather industry is a forest-based industry.

2. Milk dairies like Sudha Dairy are joint sector industries.

3. Raw materials are inputs into an industry’s manufacturing process.

4. While smelting, heating is done beyond melting point.

5. The nearest station to Sakchi steel plant was Bhilai.

1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False

III. True or False

1.Mineral-based industries use products from seas and oceans as raw materials.

2.Manufacturing is a tertiary activity.

3.National Highway Authority is a Joint Sector Industry.

4.Industrialisation has led to the growth of towns and cities.

5.First cotton textiles mill was established in 1857.

6.Paper industry is the example of agro-intensive industry.

7.Handloom textile industry is a labour-intensive industry.

1. False 2. False 3.False 4.True 5.False 6.True 7.True

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 Very Short Answer questions

1.What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods,

extraction of minerals and provision of services.

2.Which are the main factors influencing the location of an industry?

The availability of new material, land, water labour, power, capital, transport and market

are the main factors which influence the location of an industry.

3.Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of modern industry, because it

provides basis to many other industries.

4.Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of favourable humid climate,

easy availability of raw materials and skilled labour.

5.What is smelting?

Smelting is the process by which metals are extracted from their ores by heating

beyond the melting point.

6.What is industry?

Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods

provision of services and extraction of minerals, etc. by adding value to inputs.

7.Describe the classification of industries.

The classification of industries is as follows:

(i)On the basis of raw materials.

(ii)On the basis of size.

(iii)On the basis of ownership.

8.What are raw material industries?

On the basis of raw materials being used, industries may be classified as agro-based,

mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based depending on the type of raw material type use.

9.Example agro-based industries?

Agro-based industries use plant and animal based products as their inputs. Food

processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are example of

agro-based industries.

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10.What are mineral-based industries?

Mirine-based industries use raw materials like mineral ores.

For example, heavy machinery made from iron, building materials and railway coaches are

mineral-based industries.

11.Example marine based industries.

Marine-based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. For

example, industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.

12.What do you mean by forest based industries?

Forest based industries use forest produce as raw materials. For example, paper

industry, furniture and building.

13.Define industries on the basis of size.

Classification of industries on the basis of size refers to the amount of capital invested,

number of people employed and the volume of production.

14. What are small scale industries?

Small scale industries run on small capital and infrastructure and where all the products

are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. For example: basket weaving, pottery and other

handicrafts.

15.Example large scale industries?

Large scale industries run on higher amount of capital invested and used of superior

technology. For example: production of automobiles and heavy machinery.

16.Define industries on the basis of ownership.

On the basis of ownership industries can be classified into private sector, state owned

or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

17.What are private sector industries?

Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of individuals.

For example: Reliance Industries.

18.Explain public sector industries.

Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government

For example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and steel Authority of India Limited.

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 Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bengaluru and

California?

The similarities are:

(i)Environment of both Bengaluru and Silicon valley have low levels of pollution.

(ii)Both have educational institutions IT colleges and technological institutions.

2. Describe joint sector industries.

Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state as well as individuals or a

group of individuals.

For example, MarutiUdyog Limited, Bharti Aluminium Company Limited.

3. Explain co-operative sector industries.

Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of

raw materials, workers or both.

Example: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy.

4. Briefly explain industries system.

A industrial system consists of inputs, processes and output. Raw materials, labour and

land, transport, power are inputs. Conversion of the raw materials into finished products is

products is processing. Outputs refer to the end product and income earned from it.

5. Describe the major industrial regions of the world. Mention any three industrial regions

in India.

The major industrial regions of the world are Eastern North America, Western and

Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia.

India has several industrial regions like Mumbai-Pune cluster, Hugli region, Chhotanagpur,

Ahmedabad-Baroda region etc.

6. Describe the distribution region of major industries.

The distribution of major industries is as follows:

(i)Iron and steel industry is located in Germany, USA, China, Japan and Russia.

(ii)Textile industries are located in India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

(iii)The major hubs of information technology industry are the Silicon Valley of central

California and the Bengaluru region of India.

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7. Why is Ahmedabad called ‘Manchester of India’?

Ahmedabad is called the ‘Manchester of India’ because it is the second largest textile

city of India. Favourable locational factors were responsible for the development of the textile

industry in Ahmedabad. It is situated very close to cotton growing area. The climate is ideal for

spinning and weaving.

8. Why Osaka is termed as ‘Manchester of Japan’?

Osaka is termed as ‘Manchester of Japan’ because it is an important textile centre of

Japan. The following factors are responsible for the growth of Osaka as a textile centre:

(i)Its warm humid climate is suitable for textile mill.

(ii)Labour is easily available.

(iii)Location of port facilitates import of raw cotton and for exporting textiles.

(iv)The finished product is mostly exported and has a good market due to good quality

and lowprices.

9. What is Information Technology?

The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of

information. The main factors guiding the location of this industry are resource availability,

cost and infrastructure. The major hubs of the IT industry are the Silicon Valley, California

and Bengaluru in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

1.Distinguish between the following:

(i)Agro based and Mineral based industry.

(ii)Public sector and Joint sector industry.

Ans. (i)

S. No Agro based industry Mineral based industry

(1) Agro Based industries use plant and animal Mineral-based industries use

based products as their raw material. mineral ores as their raw materials.

(2) For example: Leather, cotton, oil, etc. For example: Iron ore, limestone.

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(ii)

S.No. Public sector industry Joint Sector Industry

(1) Public sector industries are owned and run by Joint sector industries are owned

the government. and run by the state as well as

individuals or a group of individuals.

(2) For example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited For example, MarutiUdyog Limited.

2. Give two example of the following in the space provided.

(i)Raw Materials: Labour, flour for bread making, machinery, etc.

(ii)End Products: Clothes, bike, processed food.

(iii)Tertiary Activities: Banking, insurance.

(iv)Agro-based Industries: Leather industry, vegetable oil.

(v)Cottage Industries: Pottery, basket weaving.

(vi)Co-operatives: Amul, Sudha Dairy.

3. Briefly explain the factors affecting the location of industries?

The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw materials,

land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.

(i)Raw material: Availability of raw materials decides the type of industry and location.

(ii)Land: For industries, plain areas are always first option, because on plain area

construction is easy and cheap.

(iii)Water: Many industries are located neat water sources like river, sea, etc.

(iv)Labour: Industries depend upon skilled unskilled labour.

(v)Power: The availability of power is essential for industry to run smoothly.

(vi)Capital: Industry needs large amount of capital investment to set up.

(vii)Transport: Transport facility is required to carry raw materials and final goods.

(viii)Market: Market is needed to sell the finished goods which provide huge profit.

4. Write a note on Iron and Steel Industry.

Iron and steel industry is called the backbone of modern industry. It provides basis to

many other industries, like ships, trains, trucks and autos are largely made of steel. The inputs

for the iron and steel industry include raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone along

with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure. The raw material is put in the blast furnace

where it undergoes smelting. It is then refined. After refining the output obtained is steel. In

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India, iron and steel industry has developed taking advantages of raw materials, cheap labour,

transport and market. Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Rourkela, Bokaro, are some important steel

producing centres in India.

5. Write a short note on the steel city of India-Jamshedpur.

(i)The first Iron and steel industry of India, Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was

set up at Jamshedpur in 1907 at Sakchi near river Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand.

(ii)The founder of TISCO, was Late Sh.Jamshedji Tata who was famous as the ‘Iron Man

of India’.

(iii)TISCO started to produce pig iron in 1911 whereas it started producing steel in 1912.

(iv)TISCO gets coal from Jharia coal fields and iron ore, limestone dolomite and

manganese from Odisha and Chhatisgarh.

(v)Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers provide sufficient water supply.

(vi)In Jamshedpur, several other industrial plants were set up after TISCO. They

produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural equipment, machinery, tin plates, cables and

wires.

6. Describe the cotton textile industry.

The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries in the world.

(i)In India, the first cotton textile mill was established in 1818 at Fort Gloster of

Calcutta but it closed down after sometime.

(ii)The first successful mechanized textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.

(iii)In India, this industry flourished in the states of Maharashra and Gujarat due to

favourable humid climate.

(iv)Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Puducherry and

Panipat are the centres of cotton textile industries.

7. Classify industries on the basis of its size.

(i)Small Scale Industries: They use lesser amount of capital and technology. Cottage or

household industries are a type of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by

hand or by the artisans. e.g., Production of automobiles and heavy machines.

(ii)Large Scale Industries: Produce large volumes of products. Investment of capital is

higher and technology used is superior in large scale industries. e.g., Production of automobiles

and heavy machines.

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8. Classify industries on the basis of ownership.

(i)Private Sector Industries: They are owned and operated by individuals or a group of

individuals. e.g., Reliance, Tatas, Wipros, etc.

(ii)Public Sector Industries: They are owned and operated by the government such as

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. and Steel Authority of India Ltd.

(iii) Joint Sector Industries: They are owned and operated by the state and individuals

or a group of individuals. e.g., MarutiUdyog Limited.

(iv)Corporative Sector Industries: These industries are owned and operated by the

producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. e.g., Anand Milk Union Ltd. and Sudha

Dairy.

9. Classify industries on the basis of raw material.

(i)Agro-based Industries: Use plant and animal based products as their raw materials,

e.g., food processing, vegetable oils, cotton textiles.

(ii)Mineral-based Industries: These are primary industries that use mineral ores as their

raw material. The products of these industries feed other industries. e.g., Iron and Steel

Industry.

(iii)Marine-based Industries: They used products from sea and oceans as raw materials.

e.g., Industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.

(iv)Forest-based Industries: Utilise forest produce as raw materials. e.g., Pulp and paper,

pharmaceuticals, furniture and buildings.

10. Describe Ahmedabad as ‘Centre of Cotton’.

(i)Ahmedabad is located in Gujarat on the banks of the Sabarmati River.

(ii)The first mill was established in 1859.

(iii)It soon became the second largest textile city of India, after Mumbai.

(iv)Ahmedabad was therefore often referred to as ‘Manchester of India’.

(v)Favourable locational factors were responsible for the development of the textile

industry in Ahmedabad.

(vi)It is situated very close to cotton growing area.

(vii)The climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.

(viii)The flat terrain and easy availability of land is suitable for the establishment of

mills.

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 (ix)The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra provide both skilled and

semi-skilled labour.

11. Why Bengaluru is called ‘Silicon Valley of India’?

(i)Bengaluru is located on the Deccan Plateau from where it gets the name of ‘Silicon

Plateau’.

(ii)The city is known for its mild climate throughout the year.

(iii)Silicon Valley, California is a part of Santa Clara Valley, located next to Rocky

Mountains of North America.

(iv)The area has temperate climate with the temperatures rarely dropping below zero

degree centigrade.

(v)Bangaluru has always had unique advantage as a city with highest availability of middle

and top management talent.

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