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Electromagnetic Concepts With Formulas

The document provides a detailed explanation of electromagnetic concepts, including magnetic materials, laws of electromagnetism, and formulas related to magnetic flux and force. Key topics include residual flux density, coercive force, and the behavior of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. It also covers fundamental laws such as Biot-Savart Law and Faraday’s Laws of Induction, along with formulas for magnetic circuits and electrical parameters.

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8 views3 pages

Electromagnetic Concepts With Formulas

The document provides a detailed explanation of electromagnetic concepts, including magnetic materials, laws of electromagnetism, and formulas related to magnetic flux and force. Key topics include residual flux density, coercive force, and the behavior of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. It also covers fundamental laws such as Biot-Savart Law and Faraday’s Laws of Induction, along with formulas for magnetic circuits and electrical parameters.

Uploaded by

motivationwithgodkrishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Explanation of Electromagnetic Concepts with Formulas

1. Magnetic Materials and Properties


1. Residual Flux Density (Br):

- Definition: The magnetic flux density left in the material after the external magnetic field
is removed.

- It is represented on the hysteresis curve as the point where H = 0.

2. Coercive Force (Hc):

- Definition: The reverse magnetic field strength required to reduce Br to zero.

- Found at the point where B = 0 on the hysteresis curve.

2. Types of Magnetic Behavior


1. Ferromagnetic Materials:

- Exhibit strong magnetism; B > H.

- Magnetic susceptibility (Xm) is large and positive.

- Example formula: B = μ0 (H + M), where:

μ0 = permeability of free space, H = magnetic field, M = magnetization.

2. Ferrimagnetic Materials:

- Magnetic moments are aligned oppositely but with unequal strengths, leading to a net
magnetic moment.

3. Laws of Electromagnetism
1. Biot-Savart Law:

- Magnetic field dB due to a current element I dl:

dB = (μ0 / 4π) * (I dl × r̂) / r².

2. Ampere’s Law:

- Integral form: ∮ H · dl = Ienc, where:


H = magnetic field intensity, Ienc = enclosed current.

4. Electromagnetic Induction
1. Faraday’s Laws of Induction:

- EMF induced in a coil: ε = -N dΦ/dt, where:

N = number of turns, Φ = magnetic flux.

2. Lenz’s Law:

- Direction of induced EMF opposes the change in flux:

ε = -N dΦ/dt (negative sign represents opposition).

5. Magnetic Flux and Flux Density


1. Magnetic Flux (Φ):

- Formula: Φ = B · A · cosθ, where:

B = flux density, A = area, θ = angle between B and the normal to A.

2. Magnetic Flux Density (B):

- Formula: B = μ H, where:

μ = permeability, H = magnetic field intensity.

6. Force Due to Magnetic Fields


1. Lorentz Force:

- Formula: F = q (E + v × B), where:

q = charge, E = electric field, v = velocity, B = magnetic field.

2. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor:

- Formula: F = I (L × B), where:

I = current, L = length of the conductor, B = magnetic field.

7. Magnetic Circuits
1. Magnetomotive Force (F):
- Formula: F = N · I, where:

N = number of turns, I = current.

2. Reluctance (R):

- Formula: R = l / (μ A), where:

l = length of the magnetic path, μ = permeability, A = cross-sectional area.

3. Flux (Φ):

- Formula: Φ = F / R (analogous to Ohm's Law in electrical circuits).

8. Electrical Parameters
1. Conductivity (σ):

- Formula: σ = 1 / ρ, where:

ρ = resistivity.

2. Permeability (μ):

- Formula: μ = μ0 μr, where:

μ0 = permeability of free space, μr = relative permeability.

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