Competency Factor the polynomials.

Objective To factor the polynomials correctly.

Topic Factoring common monomial factor, difference of two squares, sum and
difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomial, and general trinomials.
Materials Learning Activity Sheets
References Mathematics Learning Modules
Copyright For classroom use only

A. FACTORING THE COMMON MONOMIAL FACTOR

Common monomial factor is the greatest common factor in each term of the polynomial.

Examples:

1. 20mn + 50mp
Solution:
20mn + 50mp
=(2)(10)(m)(n) + (5)(10)(m)(p)  Find the common factor of each term.
= 10m (2n + 5p)  10m is the common monomial factor and
2n + 5p is the polynomial quotient

2. 25a2 – 45a
Solution:
25a2 + 45a
=(5)(5)(a)(a) + (9)(5)(a)
= 5a (5a + 9)  5a is the common monomial factor and
5a + 9 is the polynomial quotient

3. 4ab + 12bc - 16bd

Solution:
4ab + 12bc - 16bd
= (4)(a)(b) + (3)(4)(b)(c) - (4)(4)(b)(d)
= 4b (a + 3c - 4d)  4b is the common monomial factor and
a + 3c – 4d is the polynomial quotient.
B. FACTORING THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
A perfect square algebraic expression is an expression where the numerical coefficient is a perfect square
and the exponent is divisible by two. For example: a2, 4m6, 16b12, 64a10b20

Difference of Two Squares is the product of multiplying sum and difference of a binomial.

Examples:

1. x2 – y2
Solution:
a. Square root of the first term  √ x2 = x
b. Square root of the second term √ y 2 = y
c. Get the sum and difference  (x+y) (x-y)
of the two variables/terms
in step A and B and multiply
Therefore:
d. x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x - y)

2. 9a2 – 16b2
Solution:
a . √ 9 a2 = 3a
b . √ 16 b2 = 4b

Therefore:
c. 9a2 – 16b2 = (3a + 4b) (3a – 4b)

3. a2 – 81
Solution:
a . √a = a
2

b . √ 81 = 9

Therefore:
c. a2 – 81 = (a + 9) (a – 9)
C. FACTORING PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIAL

Perfect Square Trinomial is the product of squaring a binomial.

Examples:

1. x2 + 2xy + y2 x2 - 2xy + y2
Solution: = (x - y) (x - y) or (x - y)2
a. Square root of the first term.  √ x2 = x
b. Square root of the third term. √ y 2 = y
c. Get the sum of the two terms.  (x+y) (x+y)
and multiply to itself.
Therefore:
d. x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x + y) (x + y) or (x + y)2

2. a2 – 8a + 16
a2 + 8a + 16
Solution:
= (a + 4) (a + 4) or (a + 4)2
a. Square root of the first term.  √ a2 = a
b. Square root of the third term. √ 16 = 4
c. Get the difference of the two terms.  (a-4) (a-4)
and multiply to itself.
Therefore:
d. a2 – 8a + 16 = (a – 4) (a – 4) or (a - 4)2

3. 9a2 – 30ab + 25b2 9a2 + 30ab + 25b2

Solution: = (3a + 5b)(3a + 5b)
a . √ 9 a2 = 3a or (3a +5b)2
b . √ 25 b = 5b
2

c. (3a-5b) (3a-5b)
Therefore:
d. 9a2 – 30ab + 25b2 = (3a - 5b)(3a – 5b) or (3a – 5b)2

D. FACTORING GENERAL TRINOMIAL (an2 + bn + c)

 Examples:

1. a2 + 5a + 6
Solution:
a. Find the factors of the third term which is 6.
6 = (6)(1) 6 = (-6) (-1)
6 = (2)(3) 6 = (-2) (-3)

b. Add each pair of factors of 6

6+1 = 7 (-6) + (-1) = -7
2+3 = 5 (-2) + (-3) = -5

c. Choose among the following equations above that has the sum of 5 since
the numerical coefficient of the second term of the trinomial, a 2 + 5a + 6, is
5.
2+3=5

d. Therefore, a2 + 5a + 6 = (a+2) (a+3)

2. a2 - 5a + 6
Solution:
a. Find the factors of the third term which is 6.
6 = (-2) (-3)
b. Add each pair of factors of 6
(-2) + (-3) = -5
c. Therefore, a2 - 5a + 6 = (a - 2) (a - 3)

3. a2 + 10a + 16
Solution:
a. Find the factors of the third term which is 6.
6 = (2) (8)
b. Add each pair of factors of 6
(2) + (8) = 10
c. Therefore, a2 + 10a + 16 = (a + 2) (a + 8)

E. FACTORING SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES

 A perfect cube algebraic expression is an expression where the numerical coefficient is a perfect cube
and the exponent is divisible by three. For example: a3 , 8m6, 27b12, 64a3b9.

E.1 Sum of Two Cubes

Example:
1. a3 + 1
Solution: a. Cube root of the first term  √3 a3 =a
b. Cube root of the second term  √1
3
=1
c. Square the root in Step A  (a)2 = a2
d. Multiply the roots from Step A and B  (a)(1) =a
e. Square the root in Step B  (1)2 =1
f. Therefore:
a3 + 1 = (a + 1) (a2 – a + 1)

2. 8b6 + 27
Solution: a. Cube root of the first term  √3 8 b3 = √3 8
b6÷3 = 2b2
b. Cube root of the second term  √3 27 = 3
2 2 2 2
c. Square of the root in Step A  (2b ) = (2b )(2b ) = 4b4
d. Multiply the roots from Step A and B  (2b2)(3) = 6b2
2
e. Square the root in Step B  (3) = (3)(3) = 9
f. Therefore:
8b6 + 27 = (2b2+ 3) (4b4 – 6b2 + 9)

3. 27b9 + c12
Solution: a. Cube root of the first term  √3 27 b9 = 3b3
b. Cube root of the second term  √3 c 12 = c4
c. Square the root in Step A  (3b3)2 = 9b6
d. Multiply the roots from Step A and B  (3b3)(c 4 ) = 3b3c4
e. Square the root in Step B  (c 4 )2 = c8
f. Therefore:
27b9 + c12 = (3b3+ c4) (9b6 – 3b3 c4 + c8)

E.2 Difference of Two Cubes

Example:

1. a3 - 1 = (a - 1) (a2 + a + 1)

2. 8b6 - 27 = (2b2 - 3) (4b2 + 6b2 + 9)

3. 27b9 - c12 = (3b3- c4) (9b6 + 3b3 c4 + c8)

ACTIVITY 1. Factor the common monomial factor.

 1. 30ab + 40ac = (_____) (____ + ____)
Solution:

2. 10x2 – 20x = (_____) (____ - ____)

Solution:

3. 6mx2 + 9nx2 - 12ox2 = (_____) (____ + ____ - ____)

Solution:

ACTIVITY 2. Factor the difference of two squares.

1. a2 – b2 = (____ + ____) (____ - ____)

Solution:

2. 100m2 – 9n2 = (____ + ____) (____ - ____)

Solution:

3. 25x2 – 81y2 = (____ + ____) (____ - ____)

Solution:

ACTIVITY 3. Factor the perfect square trinomials.

 1. a2 + 2ab + b2 = (___ + ___) (___ + ___) or (___ + ___)2
Solution:

2. 4a2 + 12ab + 9b2 = (_____ + _____) (_____ + _____) or (_____ + _____)2

Solution:

3. a2 – 20a + 100 = (_____ - _____) (_____ - _____) or (_____ - _____)2

Solution:

PRE-ACTIVITY.
Direction: Find the product
 1. (1)(1)(1) = 16. (-1)(-1)(-1) = 31. (a)(a)(a) =
2. (2)(2)(2) = 17. (-2)(-2)(-2) = 32. (b)(b)(b) =
3. (3)(3)(3) = 18. (-3)(-3)(-3) = 33. (2a)(2a)(2a) =
4. (4)(4)(4) = 19. (-4)(-4)(-4) = 34. (3b2)(3b2)(3b2) =
5. (5)(5)(5) = 20. (-5)(-5)(-5) = 35. (7m3)(7m3)(7m3) =
6. (6)(6)(6) = 21. (-6)(-6)(-6) = 36. (10c4)(10c4)(10c4) =
7. (7)(7)(7) = 22. (-7)(-7)(-7) = 37. (-2n)(-2n)(-2n) =
8. (8)(8)(8) = 23. (-8)(-8)(-8) = 38. (-8d6)(-8d6)(-8d6) =
9. (9)(9)(9) = 24. (-9)(-9)(-9) = 39. (-9a10)(-9a10)(-9a10) =
10. (10)(10)(10) = 25. (-10)(-10)(-10) = 40. (-10x7)(-10x7)(-10x7) =
11. (11)(11)(11) = 26. (-11)(-11)(-11) =
12. (12)(12)(12) = 27. (-12)(-12)(-12) =
13. (13)(13)(13) = 28. (-13)(-13)(-13) =
14. (14)(14)(14) = 29. (-14)(-14)(-14) =
15. (15)(15)(15) = 30. (-15)(-15)(-15) =

ACTIVITY 4. Factor the general trinomials

 1. a2 + 7a + 6 = (___ + ___) (___ + ___)
Solution:

2. a2 + 11a + 18 = (_____ + _____) (_____ + _____)

Solution:

3. a2 – 7a + 12 = (_____ - _____) (_____ - _____)

Solution:

ACTIVITY 5. Factor the sum and difference of two cubes.

1. a3 + 64 = (__________) (_________________)
Solution:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2. a3 – 64 = (__________) (_________________)

3. b3 + 125 = (__________) (_________________)

Solution:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

4. b3 – 125 = (__________) (_________________)

 Competency Solves problems involving factoring the polynomials.
Objective a. To recall the concepts of factoring polynomials
b. To solve problems involving factoring polynomials.
Topic SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
Materials Learning Activity Sheets
References Mathematics Learning Modules
Copyright For classroom use only

EXAMPLES

1. John was asked to factor the given perfect square trinomial x 2 – 10x + 25. He answered (x+5) (x-5). Is he
correct? Explain your answer using a solution.
Solution: We will use the concept of factoring perfect square trinomial.
a. Square root of the first term.  √ x2 = x
b. Square root of the third term. √ 25 = 5
c. Get the difference of the two terms.  (x-5) (x-5)
and multiply to itself.
d. x2 – 10x + 25 = (x – 5) (x – 5) or (x- 5)2

Therefore, his answer is wrong since x2 – 10x + 25 = (x – 5) (x – 5).

2. You were asked to find the measurement of the side of a square with the area of x2 + 18x + 81 cm2. What is
the measurement of the side? Show your solution. Don’t forget the unit used.
Solution: We will use the concept of factoring perfect square trinomial.
a. Square root of the first term.  √ x2 = x
b. Square root of the third term. √ 81 = 9
c. Get the sum of the two terms.  (x + 9) (x + 9) (x + 9) cm
and multiply to itself.
d. x2 + 18x + 81 = (x +9 ) (x + 9) or (x + 9)2

Therefore, the measurement of the side of the square is (x + 9) centimeter or (x+9) cm.

3. A rectangle has the area of x2 + 6x + 8 cm2. What are the measurements of the two sides of the rectangle?
Show your solution.
Solution: We will use the concept of factoring general trinomials.
a. Find the factors of the third term which is 8.
8 = (4) (2)
b. Add each pair of factors of 6 (x + 2) cm
(4) + (2) = 6
c. x2 +6x + 8 = (x+4) (x+2). (x + 4) cm

Therefore, the length of the rectangle is (x+4) cm and the width is (x+2) cm.
 ACTIVITY SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING FACTORING POLYNOMIALS

DIRECTION: Solve the following problems using the concept of factoring polynomials. Write your solutions
on the provided space.

1. James was asked to factor the given perfect square trinomial x2 + 12x + 36. He answered (x+6) (x-6). Is he
correct? Explain your answer through a solution.
Solution:
a. Square root of the first term.  _____________
b. Square root of the third term.  ______________
c. Get the sum of the two terms.  ______________
and multiply to itself.
d. x2 + 12x + 36 = ________________

Therefore, ___________________________________________________________________________.

2. You were asked to find the measurement of the side of a square with the area of x2 + 20x + 100 cm2. What is
the measurement of the side? Show your solution. Don’t forget the unit used.
Solution:
a. Square root of the first term.  ______________
b. Square root of the third term.  _______________
c. Get the sum of the two terms.  _______________ (______) cm
and multiply to itself.
d. x2 + 20x + 100 = ________________

Therefore, ___________________________________________________________________________.

3. A rectangle has the area of x2 + 8x + 15 cm2. What are the measurements of the two sides of the rectangle?
Show your solution.
Solution:
a. Find the factors of the third term which is 15.
_______________
b. Add each pair of factors of 15. (_______) cm
_______________
c. x2 + 8x + 15 = ___________________ (_______) cm

Therefore, ________________________________________________________________________.
 ENRICHMENT CLASS
ATTENDANCE
DATE: __________________

NAME GRADE LEVEL & SECTION SIGNATURE

NAME: _______________________GRADE & SECTION:_________________
DATE:__________

ACTIVITY 1. Give the common monomial factor and polynomial quotient correctly.
1. 50ab + 75ac
Solution:
= (25)(2)(a)(b) + (25)(3)(a)(c)
= _____(2b + 3c )

2. 16x2 – 20x
Solution:
= (4(4)(x)(x) - (4)(5)(x)
= 4x (___ - ___ )

3. 12mp + 15np – 18op =

Solution:
= (4)(3)(m)(p) + (5)(3)(n)(p) - (6)(3)(o)(p)
= (____) (____+____)

4. 10bc – 15be
Solution:
= (5)(2)(b)(c) – (5)(3)(b)(e)
= (____)(_____ - _____)

ACTIVITY 2. Factor the difference of two squares.

1. a2 – 9 = (___+___)(___-___)
Solution:
a) √ a2 =
b) √ 9 =

2. m2 – 16 = (___+___)(___-___)
Solution:
a) √ m2 = ____
b) √ 16 = ____
ACTIVITY 3. Factor the perfect square trinomials.

1. a2 + 4a + 4 = (___+___)(___+___)
Solution:
a) √ a2 =
b) √ 4 =

2. a2 + 18a + 81 = (____+___)(___+___)
Solution:
a) √ a2 =
b) √ 81 =

ACTIVITY 4. Factor the general trinomials

1. a2 + 7a + 10 = (___+___)(___+___)
Solution:
a) (5)(2) = 10
b) 5 + 2 = 7

2. a2 + 15a + 36 = (____+____)(___+___)
Solution:
a) (12)(3) = 36
b) 12 + 3 = 15