A Project Report on

AC POWER DETECTOR
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

By

SHAGUN
Roll No. -36

Under the guidance of

Project Guide

(Mrs. Ruchi Varshney)

(Asst. Professor Electronics Engineering Department)

ELECTRONICS ENGG. LAB [BEC151]

MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TEHCNOLOGY
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-2, MORADABAD- 244001 (U.P.)

Session:2024-2025
 A Project Report on

CLAP SWITCH

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
By

SHAGUN
Roll No. -36

Under the guidance of

Project Guide
(Mrs. Ruchi Varshney)
(Asst. Professor Electronics Engineering Department)

ELECTRONICS ENGG. LAB [BEC151]

MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TEHCNOLOGY
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-2, MORADABAD- 244001 (U.P.)

Session:2024-2025
 CERTIFICATE

This to certify that the project reported here has been carried out
independently by SHAGUN under the guidance of MRS. RUCHI
VARSHNEY, Assistant Professor at MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY as a project of CLAP SWITCH and is her original and

genuine work. She has taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in
the completion of this Project.

Mrs. Ruchi Varshney

(Assistant Professor)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
ABSTRACT viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES x
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 2
2 IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN @@@
2.1 Introduction @@@
2.2 List of Components used @@@
2.3 Flow Chart with explanation @@@
2.4 Block Diagram with explanation @@@
2.5 Design / Internal Architecture @@@
2.6 Working of the Circuit @@@
3 RESULTS & DISCUSSION @@@
3.1 Pics of working hardware in @@@
different modes
4 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE @@@
4.1 Introduction @@@
4.2 Conclusion @@@
4.3 Applications @@@
REFERENCES @@@
 ABSTRACT
(Font type Times new Roman, Font Size 14)
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Details Page No.
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Details Page No.
 PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION GUIDELINES

(Prescribed Format and Specification)

1. General: The project report must be submitted in an organized and scholarly

fashion as per the details defined below.

2. Size of Report: The size of project should not be less than 10 Pages of typed
matter reckoned from the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the Chapter
5.

4. Arrangement of Contents of Project: The sequence in which the

project component should be arranged and bound should be as follows:

a) Cover Page & Title Page

b) Table of Contents
c) Abstract
d) List of Figures [if exists ]
e) List of Tables [ if exists]
f) Chapters 1, 2, 3….. (Theoretical Details regarding the project)
g) References

The Tables and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

5. Page Dimensions and Margin: The dimensions of the final bound 2 copies
report should be 290mm x 205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper
may be used for preparing the copies.

The Project (at the time of submission) should have the following page margins:

Top edge : 25mm

Bottom edge : 25mm
Left side : 38mm
Right side : 32mm

The project report should be prepared on good quality white paper.

6. Manuscript Preparation:

6.1 Cover Page & Title Page: A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title
page for Project is given on the very first page.

6.2 Abstract: Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding

four pages outlining the problem, the methodology used for its solution
and a summary of the findings, when typed double line spacing, font
Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.
 6.3Table of Contents: The table of contents should list all material
following it as well as material which precedes it. The title page,
Bonafide Certificate and Acknowledgement will not find a place among
the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers in lower
case Roman letters are to be accounted for them. One and a half spacing
should be adopted for typing the manner under this specimen copy of
the Table of Contents for Project.

6.4 List of Table: The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.5 List of Figures: The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.6 Chapters: The chapters may be broadly divided into 4 parts

(i) Introductory chapter (description of problem/advancement in any
contemporary technologies)
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the Project and includes
historical review /basic theory/operating principles.
(iii) Implementation design (operation/working), Flow charts, E-R
Diagram (At least one of them is required) whichever is applicable for
the related project
(iv) Results Discussion, Conclusion and References.

The main text may be divided into several chapters and each chapter
may be further divided into several divisions and sub- divisions as
The total number of
given in Table of Contents.
pages comprising chapter 1 to chapter 5
must not be in any way less than 10 pages.
▪ Each chapter should be given as appropriate title.
1. INTRODUCTION
2. IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN/WORKING
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
4. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

SOURCE CODE / PROGRAMMING MUST BE IN THE

APPENDIX.
▪ Tables and figures in a chapter should be typed single space and placed
directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material
they annotate.
 6.7 List of References Any work of other researchers, if used either
directly or indirectly, the origin of the material thus referred to at
appropriate places in the Project should be indicated. A paper, a
monograph or a book may be designed by the name of the first
author followed by the year of publication, placed inside brackets at
the appropriate places in the Project should be indicated. A paper, a
monograph or a book may be inside brackets at the appropriate place
of reference. The citation may assume any one of the following
forms.

Examples of citation

(i) An improved algorithm has been adopted in

literature(Tsychiya 1980)
(ii) Jankins and Walts (1968) have dealt at length this principle.
(iii) The problem of mechanical manipulators has been studied
by Shin et al (1984) and certain limitations of the method used, had
been pointed out by Shin et al (1984 a).

The listing should be typed 4 spaces below the heading

“REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left-
justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical
order of the author. The name of the authors/authors should be
immediately followed by the year and other details. A typical
illustrative list given relates to the citation examples quoted above.
Font Type- Times New Roman & Font Size – 12 with one line
spacing.

References
Paper Reference
[1]. Ariponnammal S. and Natarajan S. (1994) ‘ Transport Phenomena
of Sm Se 1-x Asx’, Pramana-Journal of Physics Vol. 42 No. 5pp.
421-425.
[2]. Barnard R.W. and Kellogg C. (1980) ‘Applications of Convolution
operators to problems in univalent function theory’, Michigan
Mach. J., Vol 27, pp 81-94.
[3]. Jankins G.M. and Walts D.G. (1968), Spectral Analysis and its
Applications’, Holder Day, Sanfrancisco.
Book Reference:
[1]. Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee (2009), CMOS VLSI
Design – A Circuit and Systems Perspective, Pearson Education, 3rd
edition.
[2]. I J Nagrath, S N Saran, R Ranjan, S Kumar (2002), Signals and
Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 1st edition.
7. Typing Instructions

7.1 General This section includes additional information for final

typing of the Project. Some information given earlier under
‘Manuscript preparation shall also be referred’

Certain symbols characters or markings not found on a standard

typewriter may be hand written using Indian ink or a Stylus pen (in
case stencil sheets are used). Corrections, interlineations and
crossing out of letters or words will not be permitted in any of the
copies of the Project intended for submission. Erasures, if made,
should be neatly carried out in all copies.

A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full

lines below it or else it should be carried over to the next page.

The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.

One and a half spacing should be used for

typing the general text. The general text shall be typed
in font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

7.2 Paper: Use high-quality acid-free A4-size Executive Bond paper of

80gsm, with only one side of the paper for starting pages for chapter
1 to last page of the report.

7.3 Printing: A high-quality laser printer should be used for the final
copy.

7.4 Chapters The format for typing Chapter headings Divisions headings
and sub- division headings are explained through the following
illustrative examples.

Chapter headings : CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 20, Bold)
Division heading : 1.1 OUTLINE OF PROJECT
(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 14, Bold, ALL CAPS)

Sub-division heading : 1.1.2 Literature review.

(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 14, Bold, Sentence case)

Table & Figure Captions: Figure 1.4: Caption

(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 12, Bold, Sentence case)
 1. The division and sub-division captions along with their
numberings should be left-justified. The typed material
directly below division or sub-division headings should
commence 2 spaces below it and should be offset 20mm
from the left hand margin. Within a division or sub-division
paragraphs are permitted. Even paragraph should commence
2 spaces below the last line of the preceding paragraph, the
first letter in the paragraph being offset from the left hand
margin by 20mm.

8. Binding Specifications Project report submitted for should be spiral bound

of Black color only. The cover should be printed in block letters and the text for
printing should be identical to what has been prescribed for the title page.

Page Dimensions and Margin: The dimensions of the final bound 2 copies
report should be 290mm x 205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper
may be used for preparing the copies.

The Project (at the time of submission) should have the following page margins:

Top edge : 25mm

Bottom edge : 25mm
Left side : 38mm
Right side : 32mm