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Precision and Accuracy Notes

The document outlines the statistical evaluation of data in chemistry, focusing on the importance of mean, accuracy, and precision in experimental results. It provides formulas for calculating mean, absolute and relative errors, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation. Sample calculations are included to illustrate these concepts using a true value of 34.37%.

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22 views2 pages

Precision and Accuracy Notes

The document outlines the statistical evaluation of data in chemistry, focusing on the importance of mean, accuracy, and precision in experimental results. It provides formulas for calculating mean, absolute and relative errors, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation. Sample calculations are included to illustrate these concepts using a true value of 34.37%.

Uploaded by

frostyfoley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY 111

Statistical Evaluation of Data


I. Background
1. Samples are representative of a population/Universe
2. Statistical equations are based on mathematical evaluations of data sets.

II. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS- Review

∑ xi
1. Mean (average) = x = n Where: ∑i xi = x1 + x2+ x3+ x4+.....+ xi
n = number of values

NOTE: For a good set of data the mean will approximately equal the median

2. Accuracy
Accuracy shows the closeness to the true value

a. (Absolute) error = E = Measured value - true value

b. Relative error from the true value


Error
(1) % Error = true value x 100

3. Precision
Precision shows the reproducibility of measurement

a. (1) Absolute deviation = d = |Xvalue - x|

∑d
(2) Average deviation = n

b. (1) Standard deviation (s)


∑ (xi - x)2
s= n-1 Where: n = number of values
x = mean
n - 1 = degrees of freedom

s
(2) % Relative standard deviation = x 100
x

Page 1
5. Sample Calculations

True value = 34.37 %

% Cl
1. 34.34
2. 34.31
3. 34.33
4. 34.39
5. 34.43
∑ = 171.80
n=5
a. Mean =

c. % Relative error =

d. Standard Deviation, s

e. % relative standard deviation

Page 2

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