UNIT-2 (Cloud Computing Services Model)

Introduction to Cloud Services-

Cloud services are infrastructure, platforms, or software that are hosted by third-party
providers and made available to users through the internet.
Cloud services facilitate the flow of user data from front-end clients (e.g., users servers,
tablets, desktops, laptops—anything on the users’ ends), through the internet, to the
provider’s systems, and back. Cloud services promote the building of cloud-native
applications and the flexibility of working in the cloud. Users can access cloud services with
nothing more than a computer, operating system, and internet connectivity.
Cloud Computing Service Models-
The three Cloud Service Models are as follows:
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
1. Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)-

 It is the most flexible type of cloud service which lets you rent the hardware and contains
the basic building blocks for cloud and IT.

 It gives complete control over the hardware that runs your application (servers, VMs,
storage, networks & operating systems).

 It’s an instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the internet.

 IaaS gives you the very best level of flexibility and management control over your IT
resources.

 It is most almost like the prevailing IT resources with which many IT departments and
developers are familiar.

Benefits of IaaS

IaaS is an efficient and cost-effective way to deploy, operate, and scale your IT infrastructure. It’s
easy to set up and configure, so you can start using it quickly. And because it’s available as a service
from an external provider, you don’t have to worry about building and maintaining your own
infrastructure. IaaS offers the following benefits:

Cost savings: IaaS is more cost-effective than building your own data center. You pay only for what
you need — storage space, CPU power, bandwidth, and other resources. This makes it easier to scale
up or down as needed.

On-demand access: You can instantly provision new resources whenever they’re needed without
having to invest in new hardware and software or hire additional IT staff members. The cloud
provider takes care of all the maintenance and upgrades required to keep your servers online 24/7
with 99 percent uptime guarantees (or better).

Flexibility: With cloud computing, you can easily add more resources when demand increases
without having to upgrade equipment or hire more IT professionals.
2. Platform As A Service (PaaS)

 PaaS is a cloud service model that gives a ready-to-use development environment where
developers can specialize in writing and executing high-quality code to make customized
applications.

 It helps to create an application quickly without managing the underlying infrastructure. For
example, when deploying a web application using PaaS, you don’t have to install an
operating system, web server, or even system updates. However, you can scale and add new
features to your services.

 This cloud service model makes the method of developing and deploying applications
simpler and it is more expensive than IaaS but less expensive than SaaS.

 This helps you be more efficient as you don’t get to worry about resource procurement,
capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the
opposite undifferentiated work involved in running your application.

 Examples of PaaS: Elastic Beanstalk or Lambda from AWS, WebApps, Functions or Azure SQL
DB from Azure, Cloud SQL DB from Google Cloud, or Oracle Database Cloud Service from
Oracle Cloud.

Benefits of PaaS

PaaS is an easy way to build an application, and it offers a lot of benefits. Here are just a few:

Faster development time – You don’t have to build infrastructure before you can start coding.

Reduced costs – Your IT department won’t need to spend time on manual deployments or server
management.

Enhanced security – PaaS providers lock down your applications so that they’re more secure than
traditional web apps.

High availability – A PaaS provider can make sure your application is always available, even during
hardware failures or maintenance windows.
3. Software As A Service (SaaS)
 SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service
provider.
 The software is hosted online and made available to customers on a subscription basis
or for purchase in this cloud service model.
 With a SaaS offering, you don’t need to worry about how the service is maintained or
how the underlying infrastructure is managed. It would help if
you believed how you’d use that specific software.
 Examples of SaaS: Microsoft Office 365, Oracle ERP/HCM Cloud, SalesForce, Gmail, or
Dropbox.

Benefits of SaaS

The benefits of SaaS are numerous and varied. Many businesses have already made the switch to
SaaS, but some are still skeptical about making the change. Here are some of the top reasons why
you should consider switching to SaaS:

Lower Total Cost of Ownership: One of the biggest benefits of SaaS is that it lowers your total cost
of ownership (TCO) by eliminating hardware expenses and maintenance costs. There is no longer a
need to buy servers or hire IT professionals to maintain or monitor them, which results in fewer
upfront costs and reduced maintenance fees over time.

Better Security: Another benefit of SaaS is improved security. Since most services are hosted on
secure servers in data centers with 24/7 monitoring, there’s less chance for hackers to gain access or
steal your data. This makes SaaS a more secure option for storing sensitive information than other
options like on-premise software or local servers. In fact, according to Gartner’s 2017 Magic
Quadrant report, “Software as a service (SaaS) offerings provide better security than self-hosted
software does.”
Storage as a Service-
Storage as a Service, also known by the acronym “STaaS,” is a managed service where a storage
provider supplies a customer with storage space. In the STaaS model, the storage provider handles
most of the complex aspects of long-term bulk data storage – hardware costs, security, and data
integrity.

STaaS was originally designed for SMEs who lacked the in-house expertise to develop and maintain
an on-prem storage solution, but who nevertheless needed a robust and extensive storage platform.
Today, STaaS is used by all kinds of business, and can be integrated with some of the best storage
management software that the market now has to offer.

In this article, we’ll define StaaS, its relationship to cloud computing, and explain the advantages and
disadvantages of this model.

The Advantages of StaaS

There are many advantages to using STaaS over traditional on-premises storage models:

 Storage costs will typically be lower, especially for SMEs that are unable to afford the
hardware required for on-prem storage.

 Files are synced between local and cloud storage easily and frequently, so you’ll always have
access to the most up-to-date data.

 Quality STaaS providers will also offer disaster recovery plans and capabilities that will help
you get back to business quickly.

 STaaS solutions are also inherently scalable, and you only need to pay for the resources
utilized.

 As long as you or your STaaS provider are using a secure cloud data system, STaaS can be a
more secure solution than an on-prem storage system. However, the level of security
offered by cloud providers can vary significantly, so make sure that you understand the level
of protection they will afford your data.

The Disadvantages of StaaS

Though, for most SMEs, the advantages of STaaS will outweigh the negatives, you should be wary of
potential downsides to using this model:

 If you exceed the amount of storage that is described in your contract, you could run into
extra costs, and these may be significant.

 Potential downtime can also be a problem – since you do not have control of the servers
which store your data, you will be reliant on your STaaS provider.

 Limited customization, since cloud infrastructure is owned and managed by the service
provider.

Communication as a Service (Caas)-

Communication as a Service (Caas) is the deployment of telephony, and typically, there are
communication applications in the cloud computing service based on Cloud Computing.
Caas Overview

 CaaS is an outsourced enterprise communication solution.

 Caas providers are responsible for hardware and software management for delivering Voice
over IP (VOIP), instant messaging (IM), and video conferencing.

 Caas allows selectively for us to use the communications features and services on a pay-as-
you-go basis.

 It is designed on a utility-like pricing model that provides

users flexible and straightforward to understand service plans.

 Customers can leverage enterprise-class communication services without building a

premises-based solution of their own.

Caas Services

 Traditional voice or VOIP.

 Video calling, web collaboration, chat both local and long-distance.

 Voice services, voice mail, advanced calling features such as caller ID, three-way conference
calling.

Caas Advantages

 Equipment and software provided by a provider like a handset, PC-Based software, VOIP
backbone, etc.

 24/7 managed by the provider.

 Carrier-grade data center services.

 No capital expenses are needed because the provider provides the company's complete
solution.

 No risk of obsolescence with the constant rapid change in the market. This won't affect Caas
vendors as they continuously need to upgrade to the current market.

 Without any obstruction to the business, it mitigates risk and allows companies in a location
hit by a catastrophic event to recover as soon as possible.
Cloud-Based big data/Real time analytics-
Real-time big data analytics is a software feature or tool capable of analyzing large volumes of
incoming data at the moment that it is stored or created with the IT infrastructure. Enterprise IT
security software such as Security Event Management (SEM) or Security Information and Event
Management (SIEM) technologies frequently feature capabilities for the analysis of large data sets in
real time.

Real-time

real-time data processing essentially means that we are operating on the data just milliseconds after
it becomes available. When it comes to monitoring your security posture, detecting threats and
initiating rapid quarantine responses, a real-time response is necessary to mitigate cyber attacks
before hackers can damage systems or steal data.

Big data

The widespread use of software applications generated massive amounts of data. IT organizations
can leverage their big data through log management or SIEM tools that aggregate network,
application and event log files into a centralized, normalized database.

Analytics

Analytics is a software capability that takes data input from various sources, searches it for patterns,
interprets those patterns and ultimately communicates the results in a human-readable format.
Analytics software uses mathematics, statistics, probabilities, and predictive models to find hidden
relationships in data sets that are too complex and varied to be analyzed manually.

Understanding SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture)-

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a stage in the evolution of application development
and/or integration. It defines a way to make software components reusable using the
interfaces.
SOA is an architectural approach in which applications make use of services available in the
network. In this architecture, services are provided to form applications, through a network
call over the internet. It uses common communication standards to speed up and streamline
the service integrations in applications. Each service in SOA is a complete business function
in itself. The services are published in such a way that it makes it easy for the developers to
assemble their apps using those services. Note that SOA is different from microservice
architecture.
 SOA allows users to combine a large number of facilities from existing services to
form applications.
 SOA encompasses a set of design principles that structure system development and
provide means for integrating components into a coherent and decentralized
system.
  SOA-based computing packages functionalities into a set of interoperable services,
which can be integrated into different software systems belonging to separate
business domains.
There are two major roles within Service-oriented Architecture:
Service provider: The service provider is the maintainer of the service and the organization
that makes available one or more services for others to use. To advertise services, the
provider can publish them in a registry, together with a service contract that specifies the
nature of the service, how to use it, the requirements for the service, and the fees charged.
Service consumer: The service consumer can locate the service metadata in the registry and
develop the required client components to bind and use the service.

Services might aggregate information and data retrieved from other services or create
workflows of services to satisfy the request of a given service consumer. This practice is
known as service orchestration Another important interaction pattern is service
choreography, which is the coordinated interaction of services without a single point of
control.
Components of SOA:
Advantages of SOA:
 Service reusability: In SOA, applications are made from existing services. Thus,
services can be reused to make many applications.
 Easy maintenance: As services are independent of each other they can be updated
and modified easily without affecting other services.
 Platform independent: SOA allows making a complex application by combining
services picked from different sources, independent of the platform.
 Availability: SOA facilities are easily available to anyone on request.
 Reliability: SOA applications are more reliable because it is easy to debug small
services rather than huge codes
 Scalability: Services can run on different servers within an environment, this
increases scalability
Disadvantages of SOA:
 High overhead: A validation of input parameters of services is done whenever
services interact this decreases performance as it increases load and response time.
 High investment: A huge initial investment is required for SOA.
 Complex service management: When services interact they exchange messages to
tasks. the number of messages may go in millions. It becomes a cumbersome task to
handle a large number of messages.
Load balancing in Cloud Computing-
Cloud load balancing is defined as the method of splitting workloads and computing
properties in a cloud computing. It enables enterprise to manage workload demands or
application demands by distributing resources among numerous computers, networks or
servers. Cloud load balancing includes holding the circulation of workload traffic and
demands that exist over the Internet.
As the traffic on the internet growing rapidly, which is about 100% annually of the present
traffic. Hence, the workload on the server growing so fast which leads to the overloading of
servers mainly for popular web server. There are two elementary solutions to overcome the
problem of overloading on the servers-
 First is a single-server solution in which the server is upgraded to a higher
performance server. However, the new server may also be overloaded soon,
demanding another upgrade. Moreover, the upgrading process is arduous and
expensive.
 Second is a multiple-server solution in which a scalable service system on a cluster of
servers is built. That’s why it is more cost effective as well as more scalable to build a
server cluster system for network services.
Load balancing is beneficial with almost any type of service, like HTTP, SMTP, DNS, FTP, and
POP/IMAP. It also rises reliability through redundancy. The balancing service is provided by
a dedicated hardware device or program. Cloud-based servers farms can attain more precise
scalability and availability using server load balancing.
Load balancing solutions can be categorized into two types –
1. Software-based load balancers: Software-based load balancers run on standard
hardware (desktop, PCs) and standard operating systems.
2. Hardware-based load balancer: Hardware-based load balancers are dedicated boxes
which include Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted for a particular
use. ASICs allows high speed promoting of network traffic and are frequently used
for transport-level load balancing because hardware-based load balancing is faster in
comparison to software solution.