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Class 9 Math Formulas Theorems Cleaned

The document outlines essential mathematics formulas and theorems for Class 9, covering topics such as number systems, polynomials, coordinate geometry, linear equations, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, surface areas, volumes, statistics, and probability. Key concepts include laws of exponents, theorems related to angles and triangles, and formulas for calculating areas and volumes of various shapes. It serves as a comprehensive reference for students to understand and apply mathematical principles.

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Tasneem Munshi
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18 views4 pages

Class 9 Math Formulas Theorems Cleaned

The document outlines essential mathematics formulas and theorems for Class 9, covering topics such as number systems, polynomials, coordinate geometry, linear equations, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, surface areas, volumes, statistics, and probability. Key concepts include laws of exponents, theorems related to angles and triangles, and formulas for calculating areas and volumes of various shapes. It serves as a comprehensive reference for students to understand and apply mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

Tasneem Munshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 9 Mathematics: Formulas and Theorems

1. Number Systems

- Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers:

a^m * a^n = a^(m+n)

a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)

(a^m)^n = a^(m*n)

(a*b)^m = a^m * b^m

(a/b)^m = a^m / b^m

2. Polynomials

- Remainder Theorem:

If f(x) is divided by (x - a), then the remainder = f(a).

- Factor Theorem:

(x - a) is a factor of f(x) if f(a) = 0.

3. Coordinate Geometry

- Distance Formula:

d = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)

- Midpoint Formula:

M = ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2)

- Section Formula:

P = ((mx2 + nx1)/(m+n), (my2 + ny1)/(m+n))

4. Linear Equations in Two Variables

- General Form:
ax + by + c = 0

5. Lines and Angles

- Theorems:

1. If two lines intersect, the vertically opposite angles are equal.

2. The sum of angles on the same side of a transversal is 180 degrees.

3. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, alternate interior angles are

equal.

6. Triangles

- Pythagoras Theorem:

(Hypotenuse)^2 = (Base)^2 + (Height)^2

- Similarity Criteria:

1. AAA Criterion: If corresponding angles are equal, the triangles are similar.

2. SSS Criterion: If corresponding sides are proportional, the triangles are

similar.

3. SAS Criterion: If one angle is equal and two sides are proportional, the

triangles are similar.

7. Quadrilaterals

- Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

- Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.

- Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

8. Circles

- Theorems:

1. The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
2. Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the center.

3. The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended

at any point on the remaining part of the circle.

9. Heron's Formula

- Area of a triangle:

A = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)),

where s = (a + b + c)/2 is the semi-perimeter.

10. Surface Areas and Volumes

- Surface Areas:

1. Sphere: 4*pi*r^2

2. Hemisphere: 3*pi*r^2 (Total), 2*pi*r^2 (Curved)

3. Cylinder: 2*pi*r*(h + r) (Total), 2*pi*r*h (Curved)

4. Cone: pi*r*(l + r) (Total), pi*r*l (Curved), where l = sqrt(r^2 + h^2).

5. Cuboid: 2*(lb + bh + hl)

6. Cube: 6*a^2

- Volumes:

1. Sphere: (4/3)*pi*r^3

2. Hemisphere: (2/3)*pi*r^3

3. Cylinder: pi*r^2*h

4. Cone: (1/3)*pi*r^2*h

5. Cuboid: l*b*h

6. Cube: a^3

11. Statistics
- Mean:

Mean = (Sum of observations) / (Number of observations)

- Median:

Arrange the data in ascending order and find the middle value.

- Mode:

The value that occurs most frequently in the data set.

12. Probability

- Probability:

P(E) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of outcomes)

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