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Network - Lec. 6 - Fall 2024

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a synchronous data link layer protocol developed by ISO, with its current standard being ISO/IEC 13239:2002. It supports various station types and configurations, including primary, secondary, and combined stations, and features three transfer modes: Normal Response Mode, Asynchronous Balanced Mode, and Asynchronous Response Mode. HDLC frames consist of information frames, supervisory frames, and unnumbered frames, with mechanisms for error detection and flow control.

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17 views35 pages

Network - Lec. 6 - Fall 2024

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a synchronous data link layer protocol developed by ISO, with its current standard being ISO/IEC 13239:2002. It supports various station types and configurations, including primary, secondary, and combined stations, and features three transfer modes: Normal Response Mode, Asynchronous Balanced Mode, and Asynchronous Response Mode. HDLC frames consist of information frames, supervisory frames, and unnumbered frames, with mechanisms for error detection and flow control.

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david1milad1982
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Faculty of Engineering

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Fall, 2024

COMPUTER NETWORKS

Lec. 6

Prof. Ahmed Salah EL-Din Mohamed Ali


Data Link Control
Data Link Control
High Level Data Link Control
(HDLC)
 High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented synchronous data
link layer protocol developed by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).

 The original ISO standards for HDLC are as follows:


ISO 3309-1979 – Frame Structure
ISO 4335-1979 – Elements of Procedure
ISO 6159-1980 – Unbalanced Classes of Procedure
ISO 6256-1981 – Balanced Classes of Procedure
 The current standard for HDLC is ISO/IEC 13239:2002, which replaces all
of those standards.

 HDLC is an important data link control protocol not only because it is widely
used, but it is the basis for many other important data link control protocols,
which use the same or similar formats and the same mechanisms as
employed in HDLC.
High Level Data Link Control
(HDLC)
 Station types:

 Primary - controls operation of link


 Secondary - under control of primary station
 Combined - issues commands and responses.

 Link configurations

 Unbalanced - 1 primary, multiple secondary


 Balanced - 2 combined stations
HDLC Configuration
HDLC Configuration
HDLC Configuration
HDLC Transfer Modes
 Normal Response Mode (NRM)
 Unbalanced config, primary initiates transfer.
 Used on multi-drop lines, eg host + terminals.

 Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)


 Balanced config, either station initiates transmission, has no
polling overhead, widely used.

 Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)


 Unbalanced config, secondary may initiate transmit without
permission from primary, rarely used
HDLC Frame Structure

 Synchronous transmission of frames.

 Single frame format is used.


HDLC Frame Structure

HDLC defines three types of frames, each with a different


control field format. Information frames (I-frames) carry
the data to be transmitted for the user. Additionally, flow
and error control data, using the ARQ mechanism, are
piggybacked on an information frame. Supervisory frames
(S-frames) provide the ARQ mechanism when piggybacking
is not used. Unnumbered frames (U-frames) provide
supplemental link control functions. The first one or two bits
of the control field serves to identify the frame type. The
remaining bit positions are organized into subfields.
HDLC Frame Types

1- Information frames
(I-frames)
HDLC Frame Types

2- Supervisory frames
(S-frames)
HDLC Frame Types

3- Unnumbered frames
(U-frames)
HDLC Flag Field
Flag Fields and Bit Stuffing
 Delimit frame at both ends with 01111110 seq.
 Receiver hunts for flag sequence to synchronize.
 Bit stuffing used to avoid confusion with data
containing flag seq 01111110
 0 inserted after every sequence of five 1s
 if receiver detects five 1s it checks next bit
 if next bit is 0, it is deleted (was stuffed bit)
 if next bit is 1 and seventh bit is 0, accept as flag
 if sixth and seventh bits 1, sender is indicating abort
HDLC Address Field
Address Field
 Identifies secondary station that sent or will receive
frame.
 Usually 8 bits long.
 May be extended to multiples of 7 bits.
 LSB indicates if is the last octet (1) or not (0)
 All ones address 11111111 is broadcast
Control Field
 Different for different frame type
 Information - data transmitted to user (next layer up)
• Flow and error control piggybacked on information frames
 Supervisory - ARQ when piggyback not used
 Unnumbered - supplementary link control
 First 1-2 bits of control field identify frame type
HDLC Control Field
Poll/Final
Information & FCS Fields

 Information Field
 In information and some unnumbered frames.
 Must contain integral number of octets.
 Variable length.

 Frame Check Sequence Field (FCS)


 Used for error detection.
 Either 16 bit CRC or 32 bit CRC.
HDLC Information Field
HDLC FCS Field
Use of P/F Field
Use of P/F Field
Use of P/F Field
Use of P/F Field
Use of P/F Field
U-Frame Control Field
U-Frame Control Field
HDLC Operation
 Consists of exchange of information,
supervisory and unnumbered frames.

 have three phases:

 Initialization
• By either side, set mode & seq.
 Data transfer
• With flow and error control.
• Using both I & S-frames (RR, RNR, REJ, SREJ).
 Disconnect
• When ready or fault noted.
HDLC Operation Example
HDLC Operation Example

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