bina eeeMackws

&EsCic biyae bus

ic Jates Machiao

Basit logit gates:

* *

The Vasnious: Oprabion Penfor med o ital ystem

ew basie
Buch ab lompubre ant dpne by wing bnlu
lleckaonie Cib used
Cuits Kroun eiegobos; An
geb the binay tats(o,) u Colled a
goukè by
Crusr
0cwtLox ugie gote i elecbonic te
SURpehkng an

shth haktn egic Jecions).

 PpBitive negakive ogie;

6V
H
.S VLo
35 -**

t
16tH oV
Povelogic Negabive log
A Diibal Signal have two digreba lavais o value To
itjonent prcsarkaions af diyital ignals ane Shoun în
f9°
Fach ase hou are two distrake levels and these levels

Cn he rdpresentadby wing tha toine lous and HiuB To

318 n a l ' HiGH and old Cun also be 7epres enke4
th bina igits "i ond o' YOsp2 chve A Bindy

igit ( o s i) efen lo s bt. 2

Sinte the digital Aignal tan hau n l Ona.

bnáy humben
th two POssihle lowels or , the
Wsed or the onalysis and des ign a
salkos Can also ba
ol Bystems. The twv lovals or

sigaaked as ON and 0FF or 7RVE and AusE Ox

Boole ingavduced he toncwpt

07 No ete. eDre
in the
t bing numben te

iathemaica haovy gie

ANP 9at Ttth Tabe

Opnation 66houn
The uuit the AND
uwhich Pogorm
ond ohe ourPuE. Tha
t. h inpu (/ is a)
is
is dapined as. "he. outpuk
Aup Dpeahon

Angte 1) end ory "f

y A ANp. B . AND. c. hND... ANp. N

A B.C N

ABe'. *N D

This ean k Boolkan ean.

and y oubut
whne ABc .. . N ane input Variables

iy lash Vaiable.
Nariables oan binay
Vaiable. The
Tho tuwD Posible Skakes o or
Ca aSume Onhy pnL

also refmua a3 logltas

Th bjnaoy vaniablos oare

asuiablos. The zn Bknown as Boollan euabion

the AND Crate.
aaien
i c a k 2auakion, t
oporabion by
dagining tha lrjea
dan ulsD be dafinad in the om of tuth table,
tabulLation all PaBsible
Containg he
wheh
 2
inp aishi rd tho Corrospondirg u

r AND A, B ahd
Joke w, two inputs Pur
y,hc ulh tablu i. given bolcw.

AN AnND is aso
ale known as Al-or- Nothing ake
t a be an Dupu HionH valua) Oecws onl whin

a1 is inpup ae Present, Aua E Aga

R GA7E T9uth tahle for - inpuk OR 3 abe.

Inpubs oukput
A B:AtE

8hows dn OR G1ATE with n

Ft
inpubs CN 2a). anal ote oukpub
operohon dafinu a = A-0R. B. OR. C. .- oR N
The OR

+N O
: At B +c +
-

The bulput o an OR gate i and onl if one. lor)

aaClogia t5) The

tth table g a
inpus
tuo inpub bR gate i as Bhoun. Is logieal e4uakion
B also Known as "Any -or-al
y AtB An OR ate
JA whe
output Cszie 1)
nvkc00 Occus
e an
ate"Because
Aab,

D r ai
the inputs are. HioH
Tnput A Output
NoT GArE ( )

A NOT-A

A Ya
 alko caled Toventen. a Bhous a
NOTT
NOT ake
TtBooaan quaron
oukput.
it has OnL inprut and onL

tabk A NOT Jare u

A (0)y:.
Tuth
NOT
as an
ivO 'O
Dron. OT 0penation also eferned
iaele,
c , Kno
sma
pmPleuntation "thi presenu,

igital
aluways.olanobea inVers on
in
the bubble

NAND C ArE
y

A
inputs

B
A

yR-B
B.

be ealased t w
Png Boolan or logio) eauation Can

m thse tho
AND, OR, NoT 3ates.
bancates
1e. NHnD openb
ponaion, tao more -
opations nameuy

Thue opeabiors hae bewme.

A NoR Op22ation.
ratus on baing the Onl on
oputan nd widuly used

Nan er) Nog akts

ore
Jabos Lithe
ypes
uffiecent o r he eali taki on o h Josic tpev
Bose h ALasoD NANp ard NoR ates as

Knpton Cunivers ak atos

 v P D ep2nation knouwr a NAND P T
Phous (e) Arip gokolicw4
an N inpu
No ara. The Oulput the AND gato. y') cC bo
Now Nof
0utput a gate ly) can be
w1 a
y
ha
Logi'cal operabion y AB khown as tha

NA'D Dperabion. Tho tandard Kymbo) the NArVD ah2

#ig Db,A bubblt Dh he ouhput Side a

NA ate epresents NOT 0porahion. The Tuth table g
TOG Oput NAND abe given in tabla o.

abe-

y- y'
3npub ou put
B B
Y=AtB NoOT co=AtB

y AtB
B

NOT OR Openabion known os NoR 0peration.

ia Bhows a tu input 0R gabe otiowed a er

Th ubput the OR gate y A+B. aid

N O T Sabe, Y Can be witten a ,

y'

0 peratio Tepresntd y qn D Rhewn i

 i Mond ard shown in 1b
y mbol of NOR
Simila to the NAND ubbl drn thi Oulu
te,
he NOR gate. Vepaecnls he. Nor tpjahic.. Th. t a l i ,

v uh tasle Ainpuk Hgota

.ExoR gake:Exclusive o gake 7 X-OR gabe eS

NOT
Pt
B

NOT A-B

Tauth table jor d inpub *-OR gate

3nputs oulput
AB AB
A
o

Exclusive oR operatioa is widly ed in diital tisos

Tt n d t a basic bpenatiorn ana Can be P@jotmes uina

the bit 1ates as Shtwn in 1aLOY a jahi

OR 9ale a, Sreh
NAND la A
8tand ard 8mbol o
in 1 b . Itsdgical Caabior toitier a

ADB
 The. t i t albo Calia an
ineguaii Compa1ator
oebechor. preavse, it pspdutus an oupu (loge 1) only whan

Inputs a dipserant.
Ex-NDR gabt Fxdusive noR
goe/ x NOR:

A:B

B+E
Y BB+AB
NoT AB AB+AE
R N

Inpubs evtput
A
y = AOE
T
CXNNOR)
LO

known NoT-xOR ale ias xOR goka . T ; Tts

lopic 8nbol ond he Touth tasa. a houwn in 9 . Tic

hosa.
o unisn and TUeth taibl. ar uat a Toutense

otuk 9rL i iks both

or xOR
gake. This gake kas n

samt. The cihoi ws0 cAlied eaualti

inputs ou k
iompanalor betause it poruea an tukput (rzie 1) Or

L Hhe inpts Sama.

 xOR AB+ AB
Dn Bodtan
AND OR .

(AtB) (h +B)
OR PND
A AB AE+ BB
t +
AA
AB+E OR:
BB pND

uni vensU abes:

n tinte basie logic opeakions AND, OR and NOT cOn be

Forvic4 by using eithe NAND or NOR o s , on Beage,

Aates a
knoun as univensa
his Yeason NAND and NOR

oubes. N
( NAND as NoTare
Toput oukput

NAND 9 ake:

p - AB

(it) NAND a HND ate Input oubpuk

B
AB Y AB : AB

NAND o NOT

ii) VAND as
OR gake
outpub
Y A+B

Y-A B O

B 0