TITLE ONE

CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND

THE LAW OF NATIONS

Chapter One CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL

SECURITY
Section One. - Treason and espionage
Section Two. - Provoking war and disloyalty in case
of war
Section Three. - Piracy and mutiny in the high seas
or in Philippine waters.
Article 114. Treason. - Any Filipino citizen who levies
war against the Philippines or adheres to her enemies,
giving them aid or comfort within the Philippines or
elsewhere, shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to
death and shall pay a fine not to exceed Four million pesos
(P4,000,000).

No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the

testimony of two witnesses at least to the same overt act
or on confession of the accused in open court.

Likewise, an alien residing in the Philippines, who

commits acts of treason as defined in paragraph 1 of
this Article shall be punished by reclusion temporal to
death and shall pay a fine not to exceed Four million pesos
(P4,000,000). (As amended by E.O. No. 44, May 31, 1945; RA No
7659, December 13, 1993, Republic Act No. 10951, [August 29,
2017]).
Article 115. Conspiracy and proposal to commit
treason; Penalty. - The conspiracy or proposal to commit
the crime of treason shall be punished respectively,
by prision mayor and a fine not exceeding Two million
pesos (P2,000,000), and prision correccional and a fine not
exceeding One million pesos (P1,000,000).

Article 116. Misprision of treason. - Every person owing

allegiance to (the United States) the Government of the
Philippine Islands, without being a foreigner, and having
knowledge of any conspiracy against them, conceals or
does not disclose and make known the same, as soon as
possible to the governor or fiscal of the province, or the
mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides, as the case
may be, shall be punished as an accessory to the crime of
treason.

Article 117. Espionage. - The penalty of prision

correccional shall be inflicted upon any person who:

1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or

naval or military establishment or reservation to obtain any
information, plans, photographs, or other data of a
confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippine
Archipelago; or

2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he

holds, of the articles, data, or information referred to in the
preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a
representative of a foreign nation.
The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed if the
offender be a public officer or employee.

Article 118. Inciting to war or giving motives for

reprisals. - The penalty of reclusion temporal shall be
imposed upon any public officer or employee, and that of
prision mayor upon any private individual, who, by
unlawful or unauthorized acts provokes or gives occasion
for a war involving or liable to involve the Philippine Islands
or exposes Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or
property.

Article 119. Violation of neutrality. - The penalty of

prision correccional shall be inflicted upon anyone who, on
the occasion of a war in which the Government is not
involved, violates any regulation issued by competent
authority for the purpose of enforcing neutrality.

Article 120. Correspondence with hostile country. -

Any person who in time of war, shall have correspondence
with an enemy country or territory occupied by enemy
troops shall be punished:

1. By prision correccional, if the correspondence has been

prohibited by the Government;

2. By prision mayor, if such correspondence be carried on

in ciphers or conventional signs; and

3. By reclusion temporal, if notice or information be given

thereby which might be useful to the enemy. If the
offender intended to aid the enemy by giving such notice
or information, he shall suffer the penalty of reclusion
temporal to death.
Article 121. Flight to enemy country. - The penalty of
arresto mayor shall be inflicted upon any person who,
owing allegiance to the Government, attempts to flee or go
to an enemy country when prohibited by competent
authority.
Article 122. Piracy in general and mutiny on the
high seas. - The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be
inflicted upon any person who, on the high seas, or in
Philippine waters, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not
being a member of its complement nor a passenger, shall
seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its
equipment, or personal belongings of its complements or
passengers.
The same penalty shall be inflicted in case of mutiny on the
high seas or in Philippine waters. (as amended by Republic
Act No. 7659, [December 13, 1993])
Article 123. Qualified piracy. - The penalty of reclusion
perpetua to death shall be imposed upon those who
commit any of the crimes referred to in the preceding
article, under any of the following circumstances:

1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or

firing upon the same;

2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims

without means of saving themselves; or

3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder,

homicide, physical injuries or rape.
(as amended by Republic Act No. 7659, [December 13, 1993])

TITLE TWO
Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws of the
State

Chapter One ARBITRARY DETENTION OR EXPULSION,

VIOLATION OF DWELLING, PROHIBITION, INTERRUPTION,
AND DISSOLUTION OF PEACEFUL MEETINGS AND CRIMES
AGAINST RELIGIOUS WORSHIP

Section One. – Arbitrary detention and expulsion.

Section Two. - Violation of domicile
Section Three. - Prohibition, interruption and
dissolution of peaceful meetings
 Section Four. - Crimes against religious worship
Article 124. Arbitrary detention. - Any public officer or
employee who, without legal grounds, detains a person,
shall suffer;

1. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to

prision correccional in its minimum period, if the detention
has not exceeded three days;

2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and

maximum periods, if the detention has continued more
than three but not more than fifteen days;

3. The penalty of prision mayor, if the detention has

continued for more than fifteen days but not more than six
months; and
4. That of reclusion temporal, if the detention shall have
exceeded six months.

The commission of a crime, or violent insanity or any other

ailment requiring the compulsory confinement of the
patient in a hospital, shall be considered legal grounds for
the detention of any person.

Article 125. Delay in the delivery of detained

persons to the proper judicial authorities. - The
penalties provided in the next preceding article shall be
imposed upon the public officer or employee who shall
detain any person for some legal ground and shall fail to
deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities within
the period of; twelve (12) hours, for crimes or offenses
punishable by light penalties, or their equivalent; eighteen
(18) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by
correctional penalties, or their equivalent and thirty-six
(36) hours, for crimes, or offenses punishable by afflictive
or capital penalties, or their equivalent. In every case, the
person detained shall be informed of the cause of his
detention and shall be allowed upon his request, to
communicate and confer at any time with his attorney or
counsel. (As amended by E.O. Nos. 59 and 272, Nov. 7,
1986 and July 25, 1987, respectively).
Article 126. Delaying release. - The penalties provided
for in Article 124 shall be imposed upon any public officer
or employee who delays for the period of time specified
therein the performance of any judicial or executive order
for the release of a prisoner or detention prisoner, or
unduly delays the service of the notice of such order to
said prisoner or the proceedings upon any petition for the
liberation of such person.

Article 127. Expulsion. - The penalty of prision

correccional shall be imposed upon any public officer or
employee who, not being thereunto authorized by law,
shall expel any person from the Philippine Islands or shall
compel such person to change his residence.
Article 128. Violation of domicile. - The penalty of
prision correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed
upon any public officer or employee who, not being
authorized by judicial order, shall enter any dwelling
against the will of the owner thereof, search papers or
other effects found therein without the previous consent of
such owner, or having surreptitiously entered said
dwelling, and being required to leave the premises, shall
refuse to do so.

If the offense be committed in the night-time, or if any

papers or effects not constituting evidence of a crime be
not returned immediately after the search made by the
offender, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its
medium and maximum periods.
Article 129. Search warrants maliciously obtained
and abuse in the service of those legally obtained. -
In addition to the liability attaching to the offender for the
commission of any other offense, the penalty of arresto
mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its
minimum period and a fine not exceeding Two hundred
thousand pesos (P200,000) shall be imposed upon any
public officer or employee who shall procure a search
warrant without just cause, or, having legally procured the
same, shall exceed his authority or use unnecessary
severity in executing the same.
Article 130. Searching domicile without witnesses. -
The penalty of arresto mayor in its medium and maximum
periods shall be imposed upon a public officer or employee
who, in cases where a search is proper, shall search the
domicile, papers or other belongings of any person, in the
absence of the latter, any member of his family, or in their
default, without the presence of two witnesses residing in
the same locality.
Article 131. Prohibition, interruption and dissolution
of peaceful meetings. - The penalty of prision
correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon
any public officer or employee who, without legal ground,
shall prohibit or interrupt the holding of a peaceful
meeting, or shall dissolve the same.

The same penalty shall be imposed upon a public officer or

employee who shall hinder any person from joining any
lawful association or from attending any of its meetings.

The same penalty shall be imposed upon any public officer

or employee who shall prohibit or hinder any person from
addressing, either alone or together with others, any
petition to the authorities for the correction of abuses or
redress of grievances.

Article 132. Interruption of religious worship. - The

penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period shall
be imposed upon any public officer or employee who shall
prevent or disturb the ceremonies or manifestations of any
religion.
If the crime shall have been committed with violence or
threats, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its
medium and maximum periods.
Article 133. Offending the religious feelings. - The
penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision
correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon
anyone who, in a place devoted to religious worship or
during the celebration of any religious ceremony shall
perform acts notoriously offensive to the feelings of the
faithful.

TITLE THREE
Crimes Against Public Order

Chapter One REBELLION, SEDITION AND DISLOYALTY

Chapter Two CRIMES AGAINST POPULAR

REPRESENTATION
Section One. - Crimes against legislative bodies and
similar bodies
Section Two. - Violation of parliamentary immunity
Chapter Three ILLEGAL ASSEMBLIES AND
ASSOCIATIONS
Chapter Four ASSAULT UPON, AND RESISTANCE AND
DISOBEDIENCE TO, PERSONS IN AUTHORITY AND
THEIR AGENTS
Chapter Five PUBLIC DISORDERS
Chapter Six EVASION OF SERVICE OF SENTENCE
Chapter Seven COMMISSION OF ANOTHER CRIME
DURING SERVICE OF PENALTY IMPOSED FOR
ANOTHER PREVIOUS OFFENSE

Article 134. Rebellion or insurrection; How

committed. - The crime of rebellion or insurrection is
committed by rising publicly and taking arms against the
Government for the purpose of removing from the
allegiance to said Government or its laws, the territory of
the Philippine Islands or any part thereof, of any body of
land, naval or other armed forces, depriving the Chief
Executive or the Legislature, wholly or partially, of any of
their powers or prerogatives. (As amended by R.A. 6968).

Article 134-A. Coup d'etat; How committed. - The

crime of coup d'etat is a swift attack accompanied by
violence, intimidation, threat, strategy or stealth, directed
against duly constituted authorities of the Republic of the
Philippines, or any military camp or installation,
communications network, public utilities or other facilities
needed for the exercise and continued possession of
power, singly or simultaneously carried out anywhere in
the Philippines by any person or persons, belonging to the
military or police or holding any public office of
employment with or without civilian support or
participation for the purpose of seizing or diminishing state
power. (As amended by R.A. 6968).
Article 135. Penalty for rebellion, insurrection or
coup d'etat. - Any person who promotes, maintains, or
heads rebellion or insurrection shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion perpetua.

Any person merely participating or executing the

commands of others in a rebellion shall suffer the penalty
of reclusion temporal.

Any person who leads or in any manner directs or

commands others to undertake a coup d'etat shall suffer
the penalty of reclusion perpetua.

Any person in the government service who participates, or

executes directions or commands of others in undertaking
a coup d'etat shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its
maximum period.

Any person not in the government service who

participates, or in any manner supports, finances, abets or
aids in undertaking a coup d'etat shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion temporal in its maximum period.

When the rebellion, insurrection, or coup d'etat shall be

under the command of unknown leaders, any person who
in fact directed the others, spoke for them, signed receipts
and other documents issued in their name, as performed
similar acts, on behalf or the rebels shall be deemed a
leader of such a rebellion, insurrection, or coup d'etat. (As
amended by R.A. 6968, approved on October 24, 1990).
Article 136. Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup
d'etat, rebellion or insurrection. - The conspiracy and
proposal to commit coup d'etat shall be punished
by prision mayor in minimum period and a fine which shall
not exceed One million pesos (P1,000,000)

The conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion or

insurrection shall be punished respectively,
by prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine
which shall not exceed One million pesos (P1,000,000) and
by prision correccional in its medium period and a fine not
exceeding Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000). (As
amended by R.A. 6968, approved October 24, 1990).
Article 137. Disloyalty of public officers or
employees. - The penalty of prision correccional in its
minimum period shall be imposed upon public officers or
employees who have failed to resist a rebellion by all the
means in their power, or shall continue to discharge the
duties of their offices under the control of the rebels or
shall accept appointment to office under them. (Reinstated
by E.O. No. 187).

Article 138. Inciting a rebellion or insurrection. - The

penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period shall be
imposed upon any person who, without taking arms or
being in open hostility against the Government, shall incite
others to the execution of any of the acts specified in
article 134 of this Code, by means of speeches,
proclamations, writings, emblems, banners or other
representations tending to the same end. (Reinstated by
E.O. No. 187).

Article 139. Sedition; How committed. - The crime of

sedition is committed by persons who rise publicly and
tumultuously in order to attain by force, intimidation, or by
other means outside of legal methods, any of the following
objects:

1. To prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or

the holding of any popular election;

2. To prevent the National Government, or any provincial

or municipal government or any public officer thereof from
freely exercising its or his functions, or prevent the
execution of any administrative order;

3. To inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or

property of any public officer or employee;

4. To commit, for any political or social end, any act of hate

or revenge against private persons or any social class; and

5. To despoil, for any political or social end, any person,

municipality or province, or the National Government (or
the Government of the United States), of all its property or
any part thereof.

Article 140. Penalty for sedition. - The leader of a

sedition shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its
minimum period and a fine not exceeding Two million
pesos (P2,000,000)

Other persons participating therein shall suffer the

penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period and
a fine not exceeding One million pesos (P1,000,000).
(Reinstated by E.O. No. 187).

Article 141. Conspiracy to commit sedition. - Persons

conspiring to commit the crime of sedition shall be
punished by prision correccional in its medium period and
a fine not exceeding Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000). (Reinstated by E.O. No. 187).

Article 142. Inciting to sedition. - The penalty of prision

correccional in its maximum period and a fine not
exceeding Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000) shall
be imposed upon any person who, without taking any
direct part in the crime of sedition, should incite others to
the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute
sedition, by means of speeches, proclamations, writings,
emblems, cartoons, banners, or other representations
tending to the same end, or upon any person or persons
who shall utter seditious words or speeches, write, publish,
or circulate scurrilous libels against the Government, or
any of the duly constituted authorities thereof, or which
tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in executing
the functions of his office, or which tend to instigate others
to cabal and meet together for unlawful purposes, or which
suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots, or which
lead or tend to stir up the people against the lawful
authorities or to disturb the peace of the community, the
safety and order of the Government, or who shall
knowingly conceal such evil practices. (Reinstated by E.O.
No. 187, amended by Republic Act No. 10951, [August 29,
2017]).

Article 143. Act tending to prevent the meeting of

Congress and similar bodies. - The penalty of prisión
correccional or a fine ranging from Forty thousand pesos
(P40,000) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000), or
both, shall be imposed upon any person who, by force or
fraud, prevents the meeting of Congress or of any of its
committees or subcommittees, Constitutional Commissions
or committees or divisions thereof, or of any provincial
board or city or municipal council or board. (Reinstated by
E.O. No. 187, amended by Republic Act No. 10951, [August
29, 2017]).

Article 144. Disturbance of proceedings. - The penalty

of arresto mayor or a fine from Forty thousand pesos
(P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000) shall
be imposed upon any person who disturbs the meetings of
Congress or of any of its committees or subcommittees,
Constitutional Commissions or committees or divisions
thereof, or of any provincial board or city or municipal
council or board, or in the presence of any such bodies
should behave in such manner as to interrupt its
proceedings or to impair the respect due it. (Reinstated by
E.O. No. 187, Republic Act No. 10951, [August 29, 2017]).

Article 145. Violation of parliamentary immunity. -

The penalty of prision mayor shall be imposed upon any
person who shall use force, intimidation, threats, or fraud
to prevent any member of the National Assembly
(Congress of the Philippines) from attending the meetings
of the Assembly (Congress) or of any of its committees or
subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees
or divisions thereof, from expressing his opinions or casting
his vote; and the penalty of prision correccional shall be
imposed upon any public officer or employee who shall,
while the Assembly (Congress) is in regular or special
session, arrest or search any member thereof, except in
case such member has committed a crime punishable
under this Code by a penalty higher than prision mayor.

Article 146. Illegal assemblies. - The penalty of prision

correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor in its
medium period shall be imposed upon the organizers or
leaders of any meeting attended by armed persons for the
purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable under
this Code, or of any meeting in which the audience is
incited to the commission of the crime of treason, rebellion
or insurrection, sedition or assault upon a person in
authority or his agents. Persons merely present at such
meeting shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor, unless
they are armed, in which case the penalty shall be prision
correccional.

If any person present at the meeting carries an unlicensed

firearm, it shall be presumed that the purpose of said
meeting, insofar as he is concerned, is to commit acts
punishable under this Code, and he shall be considered a
leader or organizer of the meeting within the purview of
the preceding paragraph.
As used in this article, the word "meeting" shall be
understood to include a gathering or group, whether in a
fixed place or moving. (Reinstated by E.O. No. 187).

Article 147. Illegal associations. - The penalty of prision

correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine
not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000)
shall be imposed upon the founders, directors, and
presidents of associations totally or partially organized for
the purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable
under this Code or for some purpose contrary to public
morals. Mere members of said associations shall suffer the
penalty of arresto mayor. (Reinstated by E.O. No. 187).

Article 148. Direct assaults. - Any person or persons

who, without a public uprising, shall employ force or
intimidation for the attainment of any of the purpose
enumerated in defining the crimes of rebellion and
sedition, or shall attack, employ force, or seriously
intimidate or resist any person in authority or any of his
agents, while engaged in the performance of official duties,
or on occasion of such performance, shall suffer the
penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum
periods and a fine not exceeding Two hundred thousand
pesos (P200,000), when the assault is committed with a
weapon or when the offender is a public officer or
employee, or when the offender lays hands upon a person
in authority. If none of these circumstances be present, the
penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period and a
fine not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000) shall be imposed.
Article 149. Indirect assaults. - The penalty of prision
correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine
not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000)
shall be imposed upon any person who shall make use of
force or intimidation upon any person coming to the aid of
the authorities or their agents on occasion of the
commission of any of the crimes defined in the next
preceding article.

Article 150. Disobedience to summons issued by the

National Assembly, its committees or
subcommittees, by the Constitutional Commissions,
its committees, subcommittees or divisions. - The
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine ranging from Forty
thousand pesos (P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000), or both such fine and imprisonment shall be
imposed upon any person who, having been duly
summoned to attend as a witness before Congress, its
special or standing committees and subcommittees, the
Constitutional Commissions and its committees,
subcommittees, or divisions, or before any commission or
committee chairman or member authorized to summon
witnesses, refuses, without legal excuse, to obey such
summons, or being present before any such legislative or
constitutional body or official, refuses to be sworn or
placed under affirmation or to answer any legal inquiry or
to produce any books, papers, documents, or records in his
possession, when required by them to do so in the exercise
of their functions. The same penalty shall be imposed upon
any person who shall restrain another from attending as a
witness, or who shall induce disobedience to a summon or
refusal to be sworn by any such body or official.
Article 151. Resistance and disobedience to a
person in authority or the agents of such person. -
The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) shall be imposed upon
any person who not being included in the provisions of the
preceding articles shall resist or seriously disobey any
person in authority, or the agents of such person, while
engaged in the performance of official duties.

When the disobedience to an agent of a person in

authority is not of a serious nature, the penalty
of arresto menor or a fine ranging from Two thousand
pesos (P2,000) to Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000) shall
be imposed upon the offender.
Article 152. Persons in authority and agents of
persons in authority; Who shall be deemed as such. -
In applying the provisions of the preceding and other
articles of this Code, any person directly vested with
jurisdiction, whether as an individual or as a member of
some court or governmental corporation, board, or
commission, shall be deemed a person in authority. A
barrio captain and a barangay chairman shall also be
deemed a person in authority.

A person who, by direct provision of law or by election or

by appointment by competent authority, is charged with
the maintenance of public order and the protection and
security of life and property, such as a barrio councilman,
barrio policeman and barangay leader and any person who
comes to the aid of persons in authority, shall be deemed
an agent of a person in authority.

In applying the provisions of Articles 148 and 151 of this

Code, teachers, professors and persons charged with the
supervision of public or duly recognized private schools,
colleges and universities, and lawyers in the actual
performance of their professional duties or on the occasion
of such performance, shall be deemed persons in authority.
(As amended by PD No. 299, Sept. 19, 1973 and Batas
Pambansa Blg. 873, June 12, 1985).
Article 153. Tumults and other disturbance of public
orders; Tumultuous disturbance or interruption
liable to cause disturbance. - The penalty of arresto
mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its
minimum period and a fine not exceeding Two hundred
thousand pesos (P200,000) shall be imposed upon any
person who shall cause any serious disturbance in a public
place, office, or establishment, or shall interrupt or disturb
public performances, functions or gatherings, or peaceful
meetings, if the act is not included in the provisions of
Articles 131 and 132.
The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed upon
persons causing any disturbance or interruption of a
tumultuous character.

The disturbance or interruption shall be deemed to be

tumultuous if caused by more than three persons who are
armed or provided with means of violence.

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any

person who in any meeting, association, or public place,
shall make any outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition
or in such place shall display placards or emblems which
provoke a disturbance of the public order.

The penalty of arresto menor and a fine not to exceed

Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) shall be imposed upon
these persons who in violation of the provisions contained
in the last clause of Article 85, shall bury with pomp the
body of a person who has been legally executed.

Article 154. Unlawful use of means of publication

and unlawful utterances. - The penalty of arresto
mayor and a fine ranging from Forty thousand pesos
(P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000) shall
be imposed upon:

1. Any person who by means of printing, lithography, or

any other means of publication shall publish or cause to be
published as news any false news which may endanger the
public order, or cause damage to the interest or credit of
the State;
2. Any person who by the same means, or by words,
utterances or speeches shall encourage disobedience to
the law or to the constituted authorities or praise, justify,
or extol any act punished by law;

3. Any person who shall maliciously publish or cause to be

published any official resolution or document without
proper authority, or before they have been published
officially; or

4. Any person who shall print, publish, or distribute or

cause to be printed, published, or distributed books,
pamphlets, periodicals, or leaflets which do not bear the
real printer's name, or which are classified as anonymous.
Article 155. Alarms and scandals. - The penalty
of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding Forty thousand
pesos (P40,000) shall be imposed upon:

1. Any person who within any town or public place, shall

discharge any rocket, firecracker, or other explosives
calculated to cause alarm or danger; (as amended by RA
No 11926)
2. Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in
any charivari or other disorderly meeting offensive to
another or prejudicial to public tranquility;

3. Any person who, while wandering about at night or while

engaged in any other nocturnal amusements, shall disturb
the public peace; or

4. Any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall

cause any disturbance or scandal in public places, provided
that the circumstances of the case shall not make the
provisions of Article 153 applicable.

Article 156. Delivery of prisoners from jails. - The

penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period of prision
correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon
any person who shall remove from any jail or penal
establishment any person confined therein or shall help the
escape of such person, by means of violence, intimidation,
or bribery. If other means are used, the penalty of arresto
mayor shall be imposed.

If the escape of the prisoner shall take place outside of said

establishments by taking the guards by surprise, the same
penalties shall be imposed in their minimum period.

Article 157. Evasion of service of sentence. - The

penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum
periods shall be imposed upon any convict who shall evade
service of his sentence by escaping during the term of his
imprisonment by reason of final judgment.
However, if such evasion or escape shall have taken place
by means of unlawful entry, by breaking doors, windows,
gates, walls, roofs, or floors, or by using picklocks, false
keys, deceit, violence or intimidation, or through
connivance with other convicts or employees of the penal
institution, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its
maximum period.

Article 158. Evasion of service of sentence on the

occasion of disorder, conflagrations, earthquakes,
or other calamities. - A convict who shall evade the
service of his sentence, by leaving the penal institution
where he shall have been confined, on the occasion of
disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake,
explosion, or similar catastrophe, or during a mutiny in
which he has not participated, shall suffer an increase of
one-fifth of the time still remaining to be served under the
original sentence, which in no case shall exceed six
months, if he shall fail to give himself up to the authorities
within forty-eight hours following the issuance of a
proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the
passing away of such calamity.

Convicts who, under the circumstances mentioned in the

preceding paragraph, shall give themselves up to the
authorities within the above mentioned period of 48 hours,
shall be entitled to the deduction provided in Article 98.
Article 159. Other cases of evasion of service of
sentence. - The penalty of prision correccional in its
minimum period shall be imposed upon the convict who,
having been granted conditional pardon by the Chief
Executive, shall violate any of the conditions of such
pardon. However, if the penalty remitted by the granting of
such pardon be higher than six years, the convict shall
then suffer the unexpired portion of his original sentence.

Article 160. Commission of another crime during

service of penalty imposed for another offense;
Penalty. - Besides the provisions of Rule 5 of Article 62,
any person who shall commit a felony after having been
convicted by final judgment, before beginning to serve
such sentence, or while serving the same, shall be
punished by the maximum period of the penalty prescribed
by law for the new felony.

Any convict of the class referred to in this article, who is

not a habitual criminal, shall be pardoned at the age of
seventy years if he shall have already served out his
original sentence, or when he shall complete it after
reaching the said age, unless by reason of his conduct or
other circumstances he shall not be worthy of such
clemency.
 TITLE FOUR
Crimes Against Public Interest

Chapter One FORGERIES

Section One. - Forging the seal of the
Government of the Philippine Islands, the
signature or stamp of the Chief Executive.
Section Two. - Counterfeiting Coins
Section Three. - Forging treasury or bank notes,
obligations and securities; importing and
uttering false or forged notes, obligations and
securities.
Section Four. - Falsification of legislative,
public, commercial, and private documents, and
wireless, telegraph, and telephone message.
Section Five. - Falsification of medical
certificates, certificates of merit or services and
the like.
Section Six. - Manufacturing, importing and
possession of instruments or implements
intended for the commission of falsification.