1

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The study's relevant literature is presented in this chapter. To determine the components and

how the information was used in the current investigation, the relevant literature was presented.

Homemade stain cleaners

There are many commercial stain cleaners in the market that can easily and quickly remove

stains, but most of these contain many chemicals that are harmful to nature. Most organic stain

removers are not as powerful and quick in comparison to cleaners that use chemicals instead of natural

ingredients. Despite this, homemade stain cleaners and using alternatives are an easy and simple way to

reduce the consumption and usage of store bought stain cleaners and a good way for us to take action in

preserving nature and a healthy environment (Musa, 2020).

Calamansi

There are many options for stain removal in the Philippines, so individuals can always locate

reasonably priced stain removers. One of these are citrus fruits, which are a handy and affordable

alternative stain remover. Citrus fruit usually differs from common solvents like water and other staining

agents like bleaches. Since calamansi contains acids that combat stains, it is a particularly useful cleaning

solution (Calamansi Extract as Natural Stain Remover on White Clothing, 2022). Moreover, Robles et al.

(n.d.) states that the calamansi extract contains 5.5% citric acid, which makes it an effective bleaching

agent that can get rid of stains, especially greasy stains.

Baking soda

Baking soda, which is also known as sodium bicarbonate is actually a type of salt. Baking soda

has been used by people for many years and is familiar to most people, as it is a simple ingredient that
 2

you can use for many purposes. It is a versatile compound commonly used in cooking, cleaning, and

personal care. Baking soda is used for many different purposes and can also be easily found in stores.

Since baking soda interacts with both grease and grime in order to make them quicker and

easier to remove, cleaning experts consider this as a good household cleaner (Ngo, 2022). It acts as a

natural, non-toxic cleaner effective for scrubbing surfaces, neutralizing odors, and removing stains

(Baking Soda: The Secret Ingredient for Your Laundry‌, 2023). Additionally, baking soda is an affordable,

eco-friendly product with countless practical applications in everyday life, despite being cheap and easy

to access.

Fabric softener

Fabric softener has many benefits. In addition to enhancing the softness and smoothness of

clothes, the product can also reduce static cling and minimize wrinkles, providing an overall pleasant and

comfortable feel to laundered items (Buiano, 2018). Moreover, Igarashi and Nakamura (2018) state that

by adding a small amount of softener during the laundry rinse cycle, it can easily result in the condition

that makes the clothes feel soft to the touch.

Aside from the comfortable feel that fabric softeners provide when doing laundry, it leaves a

long-lasting scent to clothes. The goal of this is for clothes to emit a pleasant scent despite an extended

period of time of being outside and doing daily activities. This fragrance helps people to smell clean and

fresh throughout the day.

REFERENCES

Calamansi Extract as Natural Stain Remover on White Clothing (2022). Coursehero.com.

https://www.coursehero.com/file/90433228/Calamansi-Extract-as-Natural-Stain-Remover-

on-White-Clothingdocx/

Robles, S., Beltrian, A., Cabalejo, A. R., Cruz, C., Mondejar, K. J., & Saludar, J. L. (n.d.). Research paper

(effectiveness of calamansi and baking soda as stain removers). pdfcoffee.com.

https://pdfcoffee.com/research-paper-effectiveness-of-calamansi-and-baking-soda-as-stain-

removers-pdf-free.html

Baking Soda: The Secret Ingredient for Your Laundry‌(2023). Your Laundry Delivery Service. Your

Laundry Delivery Service. https://www.thelaundrybrothers.com/blog/baking-soda-the-secret-

ingredient-for-your-laundry

Ngo, H. (2022, November 29). 12 household items you should never clean with baking soda. House

Digest. https://www.housedigest.com/1119556/household-items-you-should-never-clean-

with-baking-soda/?utm_campaign=clip
 4

Igarashi, T., & Nakamura, K. (2018). Mechanism of Softening Effect of Fabric Softener. Journal of

Materials Science Research, 8(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n1p35

Buiano, M. (2024). Do You Really Need to Use Fabric Softener? Here's What Cleaning Experts Say.

Martha Stewart. https://www.marthastewart.com/7537242/does-fabric-softener-work

Musa, N. S., Abdurahman, N. L., Abidin, Z. Z., Adnan, F. H., & Nasir, E. (2021).

Comparison between Homemade Stain Remover and Commercial Stain

Remover for Textiles. Scientific Research Journal, 18(1),

83. https://doi.org/10.24191/srj.v18i1.11035