STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 3 Week: 8 SSLM No. 8 MELC(s): Identifies the length of a confidence interval
(M11/12SP-IIIj-1); computes for the length of the confidence interval (M11/12SP-IIIj-2),
Computes for an appropriate sample size using the length of the interval (M11/12SP-IIIj-3),
and solves problems involving sample size determination (M11/12SP-IIIj-4).
➢ Objectives: 1. To identify and compute the length of the confidence interval.
2. To compute for an appropriate sample size using the length of the
interval
3. To solve problems involving sample size determination
➢ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: _________________________________________
➢ Chapter: ___ Pages: ___ Topic: ________________________________________

Let Us Discover

I. Length of Confidence Interval

Parameter Estimation is a branch of statistics that involves using sample data to
estimate the parameters of a distribution. There are two types of estimates for each population
parameter: A point estimate is a specific numerical value estimate of a parameter. The best
point estimate of the population mean 𝜇 is the sample mean 𝑥̅ . An interval estimate of a
parameter is an interval or a range of values used to estimate the parameter. This estimate
may or may not contain the value of the parameter being estimated.
A margin of error tells you how many percentage points your results will differ from
the real population value.

Summary of z-scores for Commonly Used Confidence Levels

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The length of the confidence interval is simply the difference between the two endpoints.

Use t-distribution, Use z-distribution,

if 𝝈 is unknown and n < 30 if 𝝈 is known and n ≥ 30, use 𝑧∝
2
𝒔 𝒔 𝝈 𝝈
̅ − 𝒕∝ ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒕∝ ( ) ̅ − 𝒛∝ ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒛∝ ( )
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏

Margin of error
𝐬 𝛔
𝑬 = 𝒕∝ ( ) 𝑬 = 𝒛∝ ( )
𝟐
√𝐧 𝟐
√𝐧
̅ = sample mean
Where: 𝒙 𝑠 = sample standard deviation
𝑛 = sample mean σ = population standard deviation
𝐸 = margin of error
𝑡∝ = t-value with n-1 degrees of freedom, that leaves an area of ∝2.
2
𝑧∝ = z value that leaves an area of ∝2.
2

Example 1: Ten randomly selected people were asked how long they slept at night. The mean
time was 7.1 hours, and the standard deviation was 0.78 hour. Find the
confidence interval for the 95% confidence level of the mean time. Assume the
variable is normally distributed.
Step 1: Identify the given and the unknown based on the problem
Given: 𝑥̅ = 7.1, df = 9, 𝑡∝ = 2.262, s = .78, n = 10, Confidence level = 95%
2
Unknown: Confidence interval = ? Margin of Error = ?
Step 2: Calculate Margin of Error Step 3: Compute the length of confidence interval.
𝒔 𝒔
Margin of Error ̅ − 𝒕∝ ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒕∝ ( )
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏
s .𝟕𝟖 .𝟕𝟖
𝐸 = 𝑡∝ ( ) = 𝟕. 𝟏 − 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝟕. 𝟏 + 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 ( )
2 √n √𝟏𝟎 √𝟏𝟎
.78
= 2.262( ) = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟒 < 𝝁 < 𝟕. 𝟔𝟔
√10
= 0.558
Step 4: Interpret the results.
∴ Therefore, one can be 95% confident that the population mean is between 6.54 and 7.66 inches
with a margin of error 0.558.

Example 2: Compute the 90% confidence interval estimate and margin of error of 𝝁 given the
ff: 𝜎 = 6.4, n=40, and 𝑥̅ =42.
Step 1: Identify the given and the unknown based on the problem
Given: 𝑥̅ =4, 𝒛∝ = 2.33, 𝜎 = 6.4, n=40, confidence level = 90%
𝟐

Unknown: Confidence interval =? Margin of Error =?

Step 2: Calculate Margin of Error Step 3: Compute the length of confidence interval.
𝝈 𝝈
Margin of Error ̅ − 𝒛∝ ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒛∝ ( )
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏
σ 𝟔.𝟒 𝟔.𝟒
𝐸 = 𝑧∝ ( ) = 𝟒𝟐 − 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝟕𝟒𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 ( )
2 √n √𝟒𝟎 √𝟒𝟎
6.4 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 < 𝝁 < 𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟔
= 2.33( )
√40
= 2.36
Step 4: Interpret the results.
∴ Therefore, the confidence interval is between 39.64 and 7.66 with a 2.36 margin of error.

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II. Sample Size Determination
The sample size is the number (n) of observations taken from
𝒛∝ 𝛔 𝟐 a population through which statistical inferences for the whole
𝟐 population are made. In descriptive research the acceptable sizes is
𝒏 = ( )
𝑬 10%-20%; 30% subjects or respondents for Correlational research;
Sample size
15 subject/group for comparative research; 15-30 subjects per group
for experimental design. The minimum sample size needed when
estimating the population mean is determined using the formula.
Example 3:
In estimating the mean selling price of all college textbooks which was reported to have
a standard deviation of P80, how many college textbooks must be selected as samples if you
want to be 95% confident that the sample mean is within P20 of the true population mean?

Step 1: Identify the given and the unknown based on the problem
Given: 𝑧∝ = 1.9, s = P80, E = 20 Unknown: n = ?
2

Step 2: Solve for the sample size.

𝑧∝ s 2
2
𝑛 = ( )
𝐸
(1.90)(80) 2
=( )
20
= 57.76 or 58
Step 3: Interpret the results.
∴ Therefore, to be 95% confident, 58 textbooks are needed.

Let Us Try

Activity 1: Mix and Match

Direction: Match Colum A to Colum B and write your answer on the space provided

Column A Column B
σ
______1. 𝐸 = 𝑧∝ ( ) A. Margin of error for t-distribution
2 √n

𝑧∝ s 2
______2. 𝑛 = ( 2
) B. Margin of error for z-distribution
𝐸
𝝈 𝝈
______3. ̅ − 𝒛∝ ( ) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒛∝ ( )
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏 C. Sample Size

______4. s
𝐸 = 𝑡∝ ( ) D. Confidence interval for t-distribution
2 √n

𝒔 𝒔
______5. ̅−
𝒙 𝒕∝ ( ̅ + 𝒕∝ ( )
) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏 E. Confidence interval for z-distribution

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 Let Us Do

Activity 2: Fill in the blanks

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the missing phrases and mathematical values.

The average hemoglobin reading for a sample of 20 teachers was 16 grams per
100 milliliters with a sample standard deviation of 2 grams. Find the 95% confidence
interval of the true mean.

Step 1: Identify the given and the unknown based on the problem
Given: 𝑥̅ =16, 𝒕∝ = _______, s = _____, confidence level = 95%, n=20,
𝟐
Unknown: Confidence interval = ? Margin of Error = ?

Step 2: Calculate Margin of Error

𝐬
𝑬 = 𝒕∝ ( )
𝟐 √𝐧

=_______

Step 3: Compute the length of confidence interval.

𝒔 𝒔
̅ − 𝒕∝ (
𝒙 ̅ + 𝒕∝ ( )
) < 𝝁 < 𝒙
𝟐 √𝒏 𝟐 √𝒏

Step 4: Interpret the results.

∴ Therefore, the confidence interval is between _____ and_____ with _____
margin of error

Activity 3: Solve It.

Direction: Compute for the sample size of the given problem.

A university dean wishes to estimate the average number of hours his part-time
instructors teach per week. The standard deviation from a previous study is 2.6
hours. How large a sample must be selected if he wants to be 99% confident of
finding whether the true mean differs from the sample mean by 1 hour. 𝐳∝ = 2.58
𝟐

Step 1: Identify the given and the unknown based on the problem
Given: 𝑧∝ = _____, s = ______, E = 1 Unknown: n = ?
2

Step 2: Solve for the sample size.

𝑧∝ s 2
2
𝑛 = ( )
𝐸
= _________

Step 3: Interpret the results.

∴ Therefore, to be 99% confident that the estimate differs from the true mean by 1 hour,
the dean needs a sample size of at least ________ part-time instructors.

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 Let Us Apply

Activity 4: You Got This!

Direction: Compute for the confidence interval and the margin error of the given problem.

A survey of 30 adults found that the mean age of a person’s primary vehicle is 5.6
years. Assuming the standard deviation of the population is 0.8 year find the 99%
confidence interval of the population mean and the margin of error.

Activity 5: Solve It Version 2!

Direction: Compute for the sample size of the given problem.

Assume that we want to estimate the mean IQ score for the population of statistics
professors. How many statistics professors must be randomly selected for the IQ
test if we want 95% confidence that the sample mean is within 2 IQ points of the
population mean? Assume that s = 15, 𝐳∝ = 1.9.
𝟐

Rubrics

Criteria 5 (Excellent) 3 (Good) 2 (Satisfactory)

Contents are partially Contents are not

Contents are substantial
Content substantial to the task substantial to the task
to the task given.
given. given.

Applies incomplete
Applies complete and Applies partial and
Procedure and inappropriate
appropriate procedures. appropriate procedures.
procedures.

Uses illustrations that Uses illustrations that

Uses illustrations that
Illustration clearly depict the do not depict the
partially depict the problem.
problem. problem.

Provides the answers Provides some of the Provides the answers

Accuracy
needed correctly. answers needed correctly. needed incorrectly.

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 References

Allan G. Bluman Elementary Statistics

Dolotina, L.A. Statistics & Probability. DepEd-NCR Division of Pasig City, Q1, SLM 17

SSLM Development Team

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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
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