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Expert Systems and Machine Learning Solutions

The document provides an overview of Expert Systems and Machine Learning, detailing their definitions, components, characteristics, applications, benefits, and capabilities. It explains knowledge representation and the stages of knowledge engineering, as well as various types of machine learning and their respective tools and algorithms. Additionally, it highlights specific machine learning models and their applications in fields such as fraud detection, image recognition, and natural language processing.

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4 views3 pages

Expert Systems and Machine Learning Solutions

The document provides an overview of Expert Systems and Machine Learning, detailing their definitions, components, characteristics, applications, benefits, and capabilities. It explains knowledge representation and the stages of knowledge engineering, as well as various types of machine learning and their respective tools and algorithms. Additionally, it highlights specific machine learning models and their applications in fields such as fraud detection, image recognition, and natural language processing.

Uploaded by

shanono076
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expert Systems and Machine Learning Exam Solutions

Q1:

A) What is an Expert System?


An expert system is a computer-based software application that mimics the decision-
making ability of a human expert. It uses knowledge and inference rules to solve complex
problems in specific domains.

B) Characteristics of an Expert System (ES):


1. High performance in specific tasks.
2. Explanation capabilities (provides reasoning for decisions).
3. User-friendly interface.
4. Handles incomplete or uncertain data.
5. Uses rule-based or knowledge-based reasoning.
6. Can learn and adapt over time in advanced systems.

Q2:

A) Components of an Expert System:


1. Knowledge Base: Contains facts and rules.
2. Inference Engine: Applies logical rules to the knowledge base to infer new facts.
3. User Interface: Enables interaction between the user and the system.
4. Knowledge Acquisition System: Facilitates adding new knowledge to the base.
5. Explanation Module: Explains reasoning or decisions made.
6. Database: Stores input/output and intermediate results.

B) Applications of Expert Systems:


1. Medical diagnosis.
2. Weather prediction.
3. Fraud detection.
4. Quality control in manufacturing.
5. Customer service and troubleshooting.
6. Financial decision-making (e.g., loan approvals).

Q3:

A) Benefits of Expert Systems:


1. Reduces human errors.
2. Provides consistent advice.
3. Enhances productivity and efficiency.
4. Accessible anytime (24/7).
5. Handles large-scale data efficiently.
6. Saves training costs by providing instant expertise.

B) Capabilities of Expert Systems:


1. Decision-making assistance.
2. Explanation of decisions.
3. Interpretation of data.
4. Prediction of outcomes.
5. Planning and scheduling.
6. Diagnosing problems.

Q4:

A) What is Knowledge Representation?


Knowledge representation is the method used to structure and organize knowledge in a
form that an expert system can utilize to make decisions or solve problems.

B) Stages of Knowledge Engineering:


1. Knowledge Acquisition: Gathering information from experts or databases.
2. Knowledge Representation: Structuring and storing the acquired knowledge.
3. Knowledge Validation: Ensuring accuracy and reliability of the knowledge.
4. Knowledge Maintenance: Updating the knowledge base as needed.

C) Reasons for Expert Systems:


1. Scarcity of human experts.
2. Need for consistent decision-making.
3. Efficient handling of repetitive tasks.
4. Cost-effective compared to hiring experts.
5. Provides explanations and justifications.
6. Operates 24/7 without fatigue.

Q5:

A) What is Machine Learning?


Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence where machines learn from data
and improve performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed.

B) Types of Machine Learning:


1. Supervised Learning: Uses labeled data for training (e.g., classification, regression).
2. Unsupervised Learning: Finds patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., clustering, association).
3. Semi-Supervised Learning: Combines labeled and unlabeled data.
4. Reinforcement Learning: Machines learn by interacting with an environment and
receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties.
Q6:

A) Machine Learning Tools:


1. TensorFlow.
2. Scikit-learn.
3. PyTorch.
4. KNIME.
5. RapidMiner.
6. MATLAB.

B) Machine Learning Algorithms:


1. Linear Regression.
2. Logistic Regression.
3. Decision Trees.
4. Support Vector Machines (SVM).
5. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN).
6. Neural Networks.

Q7:
Three Machine Learning Models and Their Applications:
1. Decision Trees: Used in fraud detection and credit risk analysis.
2. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): Used in image recognition and computer vision
tasks.
3. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN): Used in natural language processing (NLP) and time-
series prediction.

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