Government of Karnataka

Curriculum Framework for Four-Year Undergraduate

Multidisciplinary Programme (Honours) & Master Programme in
Colleges and Universities of Karnataka State Under NEP 2020.

1st and 2nd Semesters Model Syllabus

for
B. A/B.Sc. in
Geography

Submitted to
Vice Chairman
Karnataka State Higher Education Council
30, Prasanna Kumar Block, Bengaluru City University Campus,
Bengaluru, Karnataka 560009
 B.A. / B.Sc Honours Degree in Geography
Scheme & Syllabus - NEP-2020
Duration of
Examination Pattern Max. Total
Semester.

Teaching
Hours / Week the Exam

Marks /
Hours

Paper
& Min. Marks / Paper Credits

Total
Course (hours)
Title of the Course
Code
Theory / Theory / Practical Theory / Theory /
Practical Max Min IA Practical Practical

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE - DSC

DSC. T-1 Principles of Geomorphology 56 4 60 21 40 2 100 4

DSC. P-1 Geomorphological Mapping Techniques 56 4 25 9 25 2 50 2
First

OPEN ELECTIVE - OE
OE-1.1 Introduction to Natural Resources 42 3 60 21 40 2 100 3
OE-1.2 Introduction to Physical Geography 42 3 60 21 40 2 100 3

OE Paper is to be offered for the Students other than Geography.

Duration of
Examination Pattern Max. Total
Semester.

Teaching
Hours / Week the Exam

Marks /
Hours

Paper
& Min. Marks / Paper Credits

Total
Course (hours)
Title of the Course
Code
Theory / Theory / Practical Theory / Theory /
Practical Max Min IA Practical Practical

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE - DSC

DSC. T-2 Introduction to Climatology 56 4 60 21 40 2 100 4

DSC. P-2 Interpretation of Weather Maps 56 4 25 9 25 2 50 2
Second

OPEN ELECTIVE - OE
OE-2.1 Introduction to Human Geography 42 3 60 21 40 2 100 3
OE-2.2 Fundamentals of Natural Disasters 42 3 60 21 40 2 100 3

OE Paper is to be offered for the Students other than Geography.

 B.A. / B.Sc Semester I
Title of the Course: DSC.T- 1 Principles of Geomorphology

Number of Theory Credits Number of theory hours

4 56
Course Learning Outcomes:

After the completion of this course, student should be able to:

1. Define the field of Geomorphology and to explain the essential principles of Geomorphology.
2.
3. To illustrate and explain the forces affecting the crust of the earth and its effect.
4. To understand the conceptual and dynamic aspects of landform development.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to:

1. To define the concepts in Geomorphology and Physical Geography.
2. To introduce various concept to understand cycles of the solid Earth surface.
3.
4. To study the impact human on geomorphic system.

Content of Theory Course 56

Introduction:

1.1 Introduction to Physical Geography Branches of Physical Geography, Inter 04

Relationship between Physical and Human Geography.
Unit 1
1.2 Geological Time Scale, Importance of Quaternary Period. 04
1.3 . 02
1.4 Factors Controlling landforms development. Isostasy Pratt and Airy Views 04

Order of Landforms First Order of Landforms Continents and Oceans -Origin

and Theories
2.1 Introduction to first order landforms. Endogenetic and exogenetic forces.
2.2 Tetrahedron Theory by Lowthian Green, 02
Unit 2
2.3 Continental Drift Theory by Alfred Wegener: Geological, Biological and Climatological 03
Evidence. Merits and Criticisms. Geosynclines. 04
2.4 Convectional Current Theory by Arthur Holmes -Types of Convection currents. 03
Fundamentals of geomagnetism. 02
2.5 Assignment: Students should visit nearby locality and observe landforms types
and characteristics and submit a report.

Second Order Landforms: Origin and Theories. (How mountains Plateau and Plains
are formed?)
3.1 Plate Tectonic Theory Major and Minor Plates., Causes of Plate Movements, 06
3.2 Plate Boundaries and Plate Margins 02
Unit 3
3.3 Associated Landforms Volcanic Causes and Types, (Endogenetic) 02
3.4 Earthquakes & Tsunamis - Causes, Waves and its Impact. (Endogenetic) 02
3.5 Recent Views on Mountains Building- Folded and Faulted Mountains. Sea Floor 02
spreading.

Third Order Landforms (Geomorphological Landforms)

2
 4.1. Ten Concepts in Geomorphology. Geomorphic cycles and landscape development. 02
Cycle of erosion- Davis and Penck. 05
Unit 4 4.2. Agents of Denudation - Fluvial, Wind, Glacial, Tides & Waves, Karst and Underground
Water Erosion, Transportation and Depositional landform features. Rejuvenated and 02
polycyclic landforms.
4.4 Rocks - Types, Characteristics and Importance, Weathering: Meaning, Types and 02
Controlling Factors. 01
4.5 Denudation Chronology; channel morphology; erosion surfaces; slope development 02
4.6. Soil Formation and Soil Profile
4.6 Field Study: Students must be taken to nearby region to observe local land formation
and degradation and write a report on their effectiveness.

References

1. Ahmed E. (1985) Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Strahler A.N. (1968) The Earth Sciences, Harper & Row Intl. Edn, New York
nd
3. Thornberry W.D. (1969) Principles of Geomorphology 2 Edition, Wiley International Edn. & Wiley
Eastern Reprints 1984.
4. Verstappen H. (1983) Applied Geomorphology, Geomorphological Surveys for Environmental
Development, Elsevier, Amsterdam
5. Woodridge S.W and R.S. Morgan (1991) An Outline of Geomorphology, The Physical Basis of
Geography, Orient Longman, Kolkata.
6. Dayal P. (1995) A Text Book of Geomorphology 2nd Edition. Sukla Book/Dept. Patna.
7. Homes A. (1965) Principles of Physical Geology, 3rd Edition, ELBSS Edn.
8. Goudie Anrew et.al. (1981) Geomorphological Techniques, George Allen & Unwin,London.
9. Bloom A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi.
10. Brunsden D. (1985) Geomorphology in the Service of Man: The Future of Geography, Methnen, U.K.
11. Worcester P.G. (1965), A Text Book of Geomorphology, Can North and 2nd Edition, East West Edn.
New Delhi.
12.
nd
13. William D. Thornbury(2004). Principles of Gomorphology, 2 Edition, CBS Publisher and Distributor
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
14. Vishwas S. Kale, Avijit Gupta (2018), Introduction to Geomorphology, Universities Press.

Websites:
1. http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm
2. http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm
3. https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS
4. https://www.usgs.gov/
5. https://www.moes.gov.in/

3
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester I
Title of the Course: DSC.P- 1 Geomorphological Mapping Techniques
Number of Theory Credits Number of theory hours
2 56
Course Learning Outcomes:

After the completion of this course, student should be able to:

1. Define the field of Geomorphology and to explain the essential principles.
2.
3. To illustrate and explain the forces affecting the crust of the earth and its effect.
4. To understand the conceptual and dynamic aspects of landform development.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to:

1. To define the concepts in Geomorphology and Physical Geography.
2. To introduce various concept to understand cycles of the solid Earth surface.
3. surface, various processes and landforms.
4. To study the impact human on geomorphic system.

Content of Practical Course

56

Exercise 1 Collection of Rock types and Rock Samples: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic 7
rock Samples, (Granite, Basalt, Limestone. Sandstone, Quartzite, Marble and Shale).

Exercise 2 Soil Profile: Preparation of Soil profile layers Such as oo, Ao, A, B, C and D soil layers. 7

Exercise 3 Construction of Land forms through Contour from Toposheets Hill, Plateau, Gorge, 7
Escarpment.

Exercise 4 Field Study: Students have to visit nearby stream and submit report regarding stream 7
order.

Exercise 5 Marginal Information of Topographical Maps.Extraction of geomorphic landforms from 7

topographical maps such as Contour Lines, Form Lines, Spot Heights, Bench-Mark.

Exercise 6 Profile drawing using contour from toposheet. Profiles serial, superimposed, projected 7
and composite.

Exercise 7 Delineation of watershed using Topographical sheets or Google map by marking water 7
divide line and Identification of stream orders.

Exercise 8 Slope analysis - ypsometric curve. 7

References

1. Ahmed E. (1985) Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

4
 2. Strahler A.N. (1968) The Earth Sciences, Harper & Row Intl. Edn, New York
nd
3. Thornberry W.D. (1969) Principles of Geomorphology 2 Edition, Wiley International Edn. & Wiley
Eastern Reprints 1984.
4. Verstappen H. (1983) Applied Geomorphology, Geomorphological Surveys for Environmental
Development, Elsevier, Amsterdam
5. Woodridge S.W and R.S. Morgan (1991) An Outline of Geomorphology, The Physical Basis of
Geography, Orient Longman, Kolkata.
6. Dayal P. (1995) A Text Book of Geomorphology 2nd Edition. Sukla Book/Dept. Patna.
7. Homes A. (1965) Principles of Physical Geology, 3rd Edition, ELBSS Edn.
8. Goudie Anrew et.al. (1981) Geomorphological Techniques, George Allen & Unwin,London.
9. Bloom A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi.
10. Brunsden D. (1985) Geomorphology in the Service of Man: The Future of Geography, Methnen, U.K.
11. Worcester P.G. (1965), A Text Book of Geomorphology, Can North and 2nd Edition, East West Edn.
New Delhi.
12.
nd
13. William D. Thornbury(2004). Principles of Gomorphology, 2 Edition, CBS Publisher and Distributor
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
14. Vishwas S. Kale, Avijit Gupta (2018), Introduction to Geomorphology, Universities Press.

Websites:

1. http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm
2. http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm
3. https://www.mines.gov.in/
4. https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/
5. https://ksrsac.karnataka.gov.in/

5
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester I
Title of the Course: OE.- 1.1 Introduction to Natural Resources

Number of Theory Credits Number of Theory hours

3 42

Course Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the course the students will:

1. Understand basic the concepts in natural resources management.
2. Familiarization of sustainable use of natural resources.
3. Optimal use of land and water resources.
4. Able to understand the causes and consequences of water stress and draw water
conservation and management plans.
5. Study the integrated approaches to natural resources management.
6. Learn to use modern technologies in sustainable development and utilization of natural resources.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to

1. Explain the types of natural resources that exist.
2. Study the role of government and different agencies in the natural resource
management.
3. Study the threat to the natural resources and the policies to solve it.

Content of Theory Course 42 h

Introduction to Natural Resource Bases:

1.1 Concept of resource, classification of natural resources. 02
Unit 1 1.2 Factors influencing on resource availability, distribution. 02
1.3 Interrelationships among different types of natural resources. 02
1.4 Ecological, social and economic dimension of resource management. 02
1.5 Natural resources and development. 02

Biotic Resources: 02
2.1 Forest resources, status and distribution, use and over-exploitation and deforestation. 02
2.2 Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people, Forest
products. Strategies for development of forestry. 02
Unit 2
2.3 Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy
sources, use of alternate energy sources. 02
2.4 Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and over-
grazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging,
salinity.
2.5 Fish and other marine resources: Production, status, dependence on fish resource, 02
unsustainable harvesting, issues and challenges.
2.6 Assignment: Students should study water crises in their locality and submit a report. 02

Land resources: 03
3.1 Land as a resource. Land use classification, land use planning and desertification.
Land resource management and major issues. 03
3.2 Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, drought,
Unit 3
conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. Water ecology and management. 02
3.3 Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies.

6
 Approaches in Resource Management:
4.1 Resource Management Paradigms, Ecological approach; economic approach; 02
implications of the approaches;
4.2 Management of Common International Resources: Ocean, climate, international 02
Unit 4
fisheries and management commissions;
4.3 integrated resource management strategies, ISRO-NNRMS project on Integrated 02
Mission on Sustainable Development (IMSD),
4.4 Use of modern technologies (RS, GIS, GNSS, Web-GIS, Google Earth Engine, 04
Bhuvan-ISRO Geospatial Portal) as information sources for managing the natural
resources.
4.5 Field Study: Students have to study the distribution of Natural Resources and 02
their optimal utilization and prepare a report.

References:
1. Francois Ramade 1984. Ecology of Natural Resources. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA
3. Mann, K.H. 2000 - Coastal Ecology & Management, Ecology of Coastal Waters with Implications for
nd
Management (2 Edition).
4. Harikesh N Mishra 2014 Managing Natural Resources- Focus on Land and Water. PHI Lerning
Publication.
5. Vitousek, P.M. 1994Global Change and Natural Resource Management, Beyond global warming:
Ecology and global change. Ecology.
6. Heywood, V.H. & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge Univ. Press.
7. Miller T.G. Jr. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)
8. Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon. Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell Science.
9. R L Karale, 1998, Natural resources Management- A New Perspective. ISRO-NNRMS Publication.
10. U R Rao, 2000, Space technology for sustainable development, McGraw Hill publications.
11. Rajashekara Shetty (2009): An Analysis of World Resources with reference to India, Sarala Raj,
Ria Publishers, Mysore
12. Roy, P.R (2001) Economic Geography A Study of Resources, New Central Book Agency,
Calcutta.
13. T.P. Singh, (2014), GIS for Natural Resource Management, LAP Lambert Academ.
st
14. Charles Yoe (2013), Introduction to Natural Resource Planning, 1 Edition, CRC Press
15. R.B. Patil (2009), Natural Resources and Sustainability of Indian Society, Neha Publisher and
Distributors.

Websites:

1. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/geo_nat_res-geography-natural-resources
2. https://www.gislounge.com/gis-and-natural-resource-management
3. https://moef.gov.in/en/
4. http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/
5. https://www.mines.gov.in/

7
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester I
Title of the Course: OE.- 1.2 Introduction to Physical Geography

Number of Theory Credits Number of Theory hours

3 42
Course Learning Outcomes:

After the completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Students will be able to understand the fundamental concepts in Earth Science.
2. Understands basic terminology used to describe physical processes and landscape.
3. Describe elements of the atmosphere and the oceans.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to

1. Study basic principles of the Earth Science.
2. Understand the landforms formed by various atmospheric and geomorphic agents.
3. Know relief features of ocean bottoms.

Content of Theory Course 42 h

Motions of the earth:

1.1 Origin, Shape and Size of the Earth, 02
Unit 1 1.2 Structure of the Earth. 02
1.3 Movement of the Earth-Rotation and Revolution, 02
1.4 Effects of the movement of Earth, 02
1.5 Coordinates - Latitude, Longitude and Time. 02

Weathering and Denudation:

2.1 Rocks-types, significance, 02
Unit 2 2.2 Weathering types. Agents of Denudation-River, Glacier, Wind and Groundwater. 04
2.3 Volcanicity, Earthquakes and Tsunamis. 02
2.4 Assignment: Students will have to study a local weather and prepare report. 02

Weather and Climate:

3.1 Structure and Composition of Atmosphere, 02
Unit 3 3.2 Weather and Climate. Atmospheric Temperature, 02
3.3 Heat Budget of the atmosphere. 02
3.4 Atmospheric Pressure, 02
3.5 Winds and Precipitation. 02

Distribution of Land & Sea:

4.1 Distribution of Land and Sea, Submarine Relief of the Ocean, 02
Unit 4 4.2 Temperature and Salinity of Sea Water. Ocean Tides, Waves and Deposits, 02
4.3 Ocean currents-Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 04
4.4 Marine Resources: Biotic, mineral and energy resources. 02
4.5 Field Study: Students need to visit the nearby fields and identify various types of 02
landforms and process behind their formation and submit a report.

References
1. Worcester P.G. (1965), A Text Book of Geomorphology, Can North and 2nd Edition, East West
Edn. New Delhi.
2.

8
 3. B.S.Negi (1993) Physical Geography S.J. Publication, Meerut
4. D.S. Lal (1998) Climatology. Chaitnya Publishing House, Allahabad
5. K. Siddhartha (2001) Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Kisalaya publication, New Delhi
6. R.N. Tikka (2002) Physical Geography. Kedarnath Ramnath & co, Meerut
7. Willian D.Thornbury (1997) Principle of Geomorphology. New Age International (PvtLtd.) New
Delhi.
8. Vishwas S. Kale, Avijit Gupta (2018), Introduction to Geomorphology, Universities Press
9. K. Siddhartha, S. Mahapatra, S. Mukherhjee (2013), Basics Physical Geography, Kitab Mahal

Websites:

1. https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS
2. https://www.usgs.gov/
3. https://www.moes.gov.in/
4. https://www.gislounge.com/gis-and-natural-resource-management
5. https://ksrsac.karnataka.gov.in/

9
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester II
Title of the Course: DSC.T- 2 Introduction to Climatology

Number of Theory Credits Number of theory hours

4 56
Course Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, students should be able to
1. Define the field of climatology and to understand the atmospheric composition and structure.
2. To outline the mechanism and process of solar radiation transfer to earth surface and to ex -plain
the temperature distribution and variation according to time and space.
3. To illustrate and explain the air-pressure system, wind regulating forces and the formation of the
Atmospheric Disturbance.
4. To understand and compute the air humidity as well as to explain the pr ocess of
Condensation and formation of precipitation and its types.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to:

1. To define the field of climatology and components of the climate system
2. To introduce various dimensions of climatology like structure and composition.
3. To understand the global atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind system.
4. To study the concept of atmospheric moisture and its types

Content of Theory Course

56 h

Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere:

1.1 Nature and Scope of Climatology; Climatology and Meteorology. 02
Unit 1 1.2 Structure: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere and 03
their characteristics.
1.3 Composition of the atmosphere. 02
1.4 Weather and Climate. 01

Atmospheric Temperature:
2.1. Insolation: Definition, Mechanism, Solar Constant. Factors affecting the Insolation: 02
Angle of incidence, length of the day, Sun spots,
2.2 Heating and cooling process of the atmosphere-Radiation, Conduction, convection, 03
Unit 2
and advection.
2.3 Temperature Distribution: Influencing factors. Vertical, Horizontal, and Inversion of 03
temperature. Atmospheric stability and instability.
2.4 Global Energy Budget: Incoming short-wave, solar radiation, outgoing long-wave, 04
Terrestrial radiation, albedo. Net Radiation and Latitudinal Heat Balances.
2.5 Assignment: Students have to observe heating and cooling process of built-up 02
area, agriculture area, water-body and open space of their surrounding and prepare a
report.

Atmospheric Pressure and Winds:

3.1 Atmospheric Pressure: Influencing factors, Vertical and Horizontal Distribution, 03
3.2 Pressure Belts, Pressure Gradient. Tri-cellular - and Polar Cells. 03
3.3 Atmospheric Circulation, Winds - Influencing factors, Types - planetary, seasonal, 04
Unit 3
local. Monsoons and jet streams. 04
3.4 Variable winds Cyclones and anti-cyclones. 04
3.5 Air-Masses and Fronts: Definition, Nature, Source Regions and Classification.

Atmospheric Moisture: Humidity:

10
 4.1 Sources, influencing factors and types -Absolute, Relative and Specific. 03
4.2 Hydrological cycle: process of evaporation, condensation. 03
4.4 Precipitation: Types and distribution. 02
Unit 4 , Trewartha 02
4.6 Global Climate Change: Causes and consequences, role and response of man. 04
4.7 Field Study: Students will have to visit and study a local area Weather Station and 02
prepare report how it gathers data and sends to the main station.

References
1. Lutgens, Frederic K. & Tarbuck, Edward J. (2010).The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology.
New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. Oliver, John E.& Hidore, John J.(2003).Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Delhi: Pearson
Education.
3. Singh, S. (2005).Climatology - Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan.
4. Barry, R.G. and Chorley, R.J. (2003): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; Psychology Press, Hove;
East Sussex.
5. Critchfield, H.J., (1975): General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
6. Mather, J.R.(1974):Climatology:FundamentalsandApplications;McCrawHillBookCo.,U.S.A.
7. Rumney,G.R.(1968):ClimatologyandtheWorldClimates,Macmillan,London.
8. Trewartha,G.T.(1980):AnIntroductiontoClimate;McGrawHill,NewYork,5thedition, (International
Student Edition)
9. Lawrance M. Kravas (2021): The physics of Climate Change, Post Hill Press
10. Salvador Poole(2020): Climatology, principles Models and Applications
11. Lal, D.S. (1998), Climatology - Allahabad: Chaitanya Publishing House

Websites
1. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
2. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/
3. https://www.weatheronline.in/
4. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
5. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/satellite.php

11
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester II
Title of the Course: DSC.P- 2 Interpretation of Weather Maps

Number of Practical Credits Number of Practical hours

2 56
Course Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, students should be able to
1. Define the field of climatology and to understand the atmospheric composition and
structure.
2. To outline the mechanism and process of solar radiation transfer to earth surface and to
ex-plain the temperature distribution and variation according to time and space.
3. To illustrate and explain the air-pressure system, wind regulating forces and the
formation of the Atmospheric Disturbance.
4. To understand and compute the air humidity as well as to explain the process of
Condensation and formation of precipitation and its types.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to:

1. To define the field of climatology and components of the climate system
2. To introduce various dimensions of climatology like structure and composition.
3. To understand the global atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind system.
4. To study the concept of atmospheric moisture and its types

Content of Practical Course

56 h

Exercise 1 Understanding functions of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and 7

Acquisition of Climate Variables.

Exercise 2 Plotting of variables using graphical methods: line-graph / bar-graph. (Manual and 7
Automated).

Exercise 3 Elementary Instrumental Observation: Centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometer for 7

measuring temperature.

Exercise 4 Mercurial Barometer and Aneroid Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure 7

Exercise 5 Derivation of Actual and Potential Evapotranspiration 7

Exercise 6 Derivation of Drought Indices (Standard Precipitation Index, Aridity Index) 7

Exercise 7 Interpretation of Indian Daily Weather charts. (Download weather charts of any two 7
seasons).

Exercise 8 Field Activity: Measurement of Water-Balance in the field, Study of erosional and run-off 7
nearby area.

12
References

1. Lutgens, Frederic K. & Tarbuck, Edward J. (2010).The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology.

New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. Oliver, John E.& Hidore, John J.(2003).Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Delhi: Pearson
Education.
3. Singh, S. (2005).Climatology - Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan.
4. Barry, R.G. and Chorley, R.J. (2003): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; Psychology Press, Hove;
East Sussex.
5. Critchfield, H.J., (1975): General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
6. Mather, J.R. (1974): Climatology: Fundamentals and Applications; McCraw Hill Book Co.,U.S.A.
7. Rumney, G.R. (1968): Climatology and the World Climates, Macmillan, London.
th
8. Trewartha, G.T.(1980):An Introduction to Climate; McGraw Hill, NewYork, 5 edition, (International
Student Edition)

Websites
1. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
2. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/
3. https://www.weatheronline.in/
4. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
5. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/satellite.php

13
 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester II
Title of the Course: OE.- 2.1 Introduction to Human Geography

Number of Theory Credits Number of Theory hours

3 42
Course Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, students should be able to
1. Students learn how human and physical components of the world interact.
2. Students will be familiarized with economic processes such as globalization, trade and
their impacts on economic, cultural and social activities.
3. The student will describe what geography and human geography are.
4. Understand population dynamics and migration.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to

1. Understand the basics concepts of human geography
2. Study population attributes and dynamic nature of it.
3. Introduce economic, cultural, and trade activities and their impact on the regional development.

Content of Theory Course 42 hrs

Introduction to Human Geography:

1.1 Nature, scope and Development. 02
Unit 1 1.2 Environmental Determinism and Possiblism, Neo-determinism (stop and go 02
determinism).
1.3 Approaches to human geography: Exploration and Descriptive approach, 04
regional analysis Approach, Areal Differentiation Approach, Spatial
organization Approach.
1.4 Modern approaches: Welfare or Humanistic Approach, Radical Approach, 02
Behavioural Approach, Post-Modernism in geography.

Broad racial group and Cultural Patterns of the world:

2.1 Broad groups of races, main characteristics and distribution in the world. 02
Unit 2 2.2 Major Religions and their Distribution: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. 04
2.3 Concept of Culture, Material and Non-material culture Cultural Regions, cultural 02
Traits and Complexes, cultural Hearths, cultural Diffusion.
2.3 Assignment: Students will have to select nearby area and study religions and 02
their characteristics and submit the report.

Human Economic Activities:

3.1 Primary Economic Activities Agriculture, Types: Primitive Subsistence, 04
Intensive subsistence, Plantation Agriculture, Extensive Commercial grain
cultivation, Mixed Farming, Dairy Farming. Forestry, fishing and mining
Unit 3
3.2 Secondary Activities: Manufacturing Cotton Textile and Iron & Steel. Concept 04
of Manufacturing Region. Special Economic Zones.
3.3 Tertiary Activities: Trade and commerce, Retail Trading services, wholesale 02
trading.

Transport and communications and Human Settlements:

4.1 Transport and communications: Factors, Types and Distribution of Roads, 04
Unit 4 Railway, airway and waterways. Services: Informal and Non formal sector.
Information technology.
4.2 Human Settlements: Concepts, rural vs. urban origin and evolution of 04

14
 settlements - influencing factors of settlements- types and patterns of
settlements. Trends and patterns of world Urbanization.
4.3 Field Study: Students will have to select nearby town and study various 02
activities performed and submit the report.

References

1. Dickens and Pitts (1963) Introduction to Human Geography,

2. Hussain M (2003) Human Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur
3. Nellson, Gabler Vining (1995) Human Geography, People, Cultures and Landscapes
4. Ranganath (2002) Principles of Human Geography ( Kannada Version) Vidyanidhi, Gadag
5. Hartshorne, T.A., & Alexander, J.W. (2010). Economic Geography, New Delhi: PHI
Learning.
6. Knox, P., Agnew, J., & McCarthy, L. (2008), The Geography of the World Economy,
London: Hodder Arnold.
7. Lloyd, P.,& Dicken, B. (1972), Location in Space: A Theoretical Approach to Economic
Geography, New York: Harper and Row.
8. S.D. Maurya (2012), Human Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad

Website:
1. https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/
2. https://dea.gov.in/
3. https://dpiit.gov.in/
4. https://www.mines.gov.in/
5. https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/

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 B.A. / B.Sc. Semester II
Title of the Course: OE.- 2.2 Fundamentals of Natural Disasters

Number of Theory Credits Number of Theory hours

3 42
Course Learning Outcomes:

After the completion of this course, students should be able to

1. Understand the basics concepts in natural disasters
2. Study types of natural disasters and their effects
3. To understand to create disaster awareness on human and natural habit
4. Learn to use modern technologies like remote sensing and GIS in reducing their impact.

Course Objectives:

The course aims to

1. To provide a general concept in the dimensions of disasters caused by nature beyond the
human control.
2. Introduce a holistic classification of natural disasters considering the Earth Sciences
3. Demonstrate the devastating effect of natural disasters to society.

Content of Theory Course 42 h

Introduction to Natural Disaster:

1.1 Meaning, definition, and scope of Natural Disasters study. 04
Unit 1 1.2 Natural and human-made disasters. 02
1.3 Commonly occurring disaster in India, their impact on Indian economy. 02
1.4 Disaster management structure in India. 02

Natural Disasters of atmospheric, Lithospheric, hydrospheric and Biotic origin:

2.1 Heat wave and wildfires, Cloud burst, hailstorm, Drought and famines and effects. 02
2.2 Earthquakes, volcanoes, Tsunami its effects and preparedness. 02
Unit 2 2.3 Cyclones, Floods and flash floods. 02
2.4 Epidemics and pandemics, Covid -19 and their effects. 02
2.5 Impact of climate change on the frequency and severity of disasters. 02
2.6 Assignment: Students will have to assess heat and droughts in local area and 02
prepare report for its impact on human life.

Techniques and technology to mitigate natural disasters:

3.1 Satellite remote sensing and Global Navigation Satellite Systems for data collection. 02
Unit 3 3.2 Geographic Information Systems for data processing and visualization, 02
3.3 Mobile GIS information collection (crowd sourcing). 02
3.4 Internet / Web GIS for information dissemination and public participation. 02

Success stories of managing the disasters in India and national/ international policy
Frameworks:
Unit 4 4.1 Cyclonic early warning by IMD 01
4.2 Flood early warning and damage assessment by NESAC, Shillong 01
4.3 Landslide hazard assessment by Centre for Ecology, IISc, Bangalore 01
4.4 COVID-19 management inputs given by KSRSAC, Bangalore 01
4.5 Information services being supplied by Karnataka State Disaster Monitoring Centre 01
(KSNDMC), Bangalore.
4.6 National and international policies for disaster management 02
4.6 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to disaster management. 03
4.7 Field Study: Students will have to study COVID-19 situation in local area and prepare 02
report for its impact on society.

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References

1. Mrinalini Pandey, Disaster Management, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Disasters in India- can remote Sensing do something? ISRO Technical Report, 1983.
3. U.R Rao 1998, Space Technology for Sustainable Development, Mc Graw Hill, India
4. Tushar Bhattacharya (2012), Disaster Science and Management, McGraw Hill Education (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
5. Jagbir Singh (2013), Disaster Management: Future Challenges and Opportunities KW
Publishers, Pvt. Ltd.
6. J.P. Singhal (2016), Disaster Management, Laxmi Publications.
7. C.K. Rajan & Navale Pandharinath (2009), Earth and Atmospheric Disaster Management: Nature
and Manmade, BS Publication
8. Sandip P. Nikan, Atul B. Deshmukh, Ulhas S. Surve (2017), Fundamentals of Disaster
Management, Daya Publishing House.
9. Mohan Kanda (2017), Disaster Management in India, Evolution of Institutional Arrangement and
Operational Strategies, B.S. Publications

Websites:
1. https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/
2. https://ksdma.karnataka.gov.in/english
3. https://ndma.gov.in/
4. https://www.undrr.org/

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