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Manufacturing of Nitric Acid by - Ostwald Process

The document provides an overview of nitric acid (HNO₃), including its properties, the Ostwald process for its production, and its applications in various industries such as fertilizers and explosives. It details the raw materials required, the chemical reactions involved, and environmental considerations related to NOx emissions. Additionally, it includes economic aspects, such as estimated costs and information about plants and licensors involved in nitric acid production.

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41 views13 pages

Manufacturing of Nitric Acid by - Ostwald Process

The document provides an overview of nitric acid (HNO₃), including its properties, the Ostwald process for its production, and its applications in various industries such as fertilizers and explosives. It details the raw materials required, the chemical reactions involved, and environmental considerations related to NOx emissions. Additionally, it includes economic aspects, such as estimated costs and information about plants and licensors involved in nitric acid production.

Uploaded by

Hastin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Manufacturing of Nitric

acid by - Ostwald process


NAME: HASTIN BAGTHARIYA
ROLL N0: AU2140148
CHE402 - CHEMICAL PROCESS
SIMULATION
Introduction to
Nitric acid

Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a highly corrosive


and toxic mineral acid that is widely used
in various industrial applications. It is a
colorless liquid at room temperature.
Known for its strong oxidizing properties,
nitric acid plays a crucial role in several
key chemical industries.
Properties

Physical and Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula: HNO₃


Molecular Weight: 63.03 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Boiling Point: 83°C
Density: 1.51 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Ostwald Process Overview
The Ostwald process is the principal industrial method for producing nitric
acid (HNO₃), one of the most widely used chemicals in the production of
fertilizers, explosives, and other chemicals.

The process was developed by German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in 1902 and
involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH₃). It is highly efficient,
scalable, and remains the cornerstone of nitric acid production globally.
Raw materials
Ammonia (NH₃): Produced via the Haber-Bosch process.

Air (Oxygen): Source of oxygen for oxidation reactions.

Water (H₂O): Used to absorb nitrogen oxides.

Platinum - Rhodium Catalyst: Ensures efficient oxidation


of ammonia at high temperatures.
Chemical reactions
1) Oxidation of Ammonia:

2) Oxidation of Nitrogen Monoxide:

3) Absorption of Nitrogen Dioxide:


Process Flow Diagram
Applications of Nitric Acid

Fertilizers: Primarily used to produce ammonium nitrate


(NH₄NO₃).

Explosives: Key component in nitroglycerin, TNT, etc.

Chemical Manufacturing: Used in producing organic and


inorganic chemicals.

Metal Treatment: Used in etching and pickling of metals.


Environmental Considerations
NOx Emissions: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are
harmful pollutants.

Emission Controls: Use of catalytic converters and


other technologies to minimize NOx emissions.

Sustainability: Continuous efforts to improve


efficiency and reduce environmental impact in
modern plants.
Economic
Cost Component Estimated Cost per Ton (INR)

Ammonia (Raw Material) ₹7,470 – ₹14,940

Energy ₹498 – ₹1,494

Water and Utilities ₹415 – ₹1,245

Labor ₹2,490 – ₹4,150

Maintenance ₹1,245 – ₹2,075

Environmental Compliance ₹830 – ₹2,490

Total Estimated Cost ₹12,948 – ₹26,394


Plants, Capacity and Licensors
Capacity
Plant Name Location Licensor
(TPD)
Gujarat Narmada Valley
Uhde GmbH
Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd. Bharuch, Gujarat 540
(ThyssenKrupp)
(GNFC)

Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Trombay, KBR (Kellogg


600
Ltd. (RCF) Maharashtra Brown & Root)

Deepak Fertilisers and


Taloja, Lurgi GmbH (Air
Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. 850
Maharashtra Liquide)
(DFPCL)

National Fertilizers Limited Uhde GmbH


Panipat, Haryana 300
(NFL) (ThyssenKrupp)
References
https://www.shivajicollege.ac.in/sPanel/uplo
ads/econtent/3935dca57ebca74f279c0bf203
678b2f.pdf

https://chemicalnote.com/nitric-acid-hno3-
manufacture-by-ostwalds-processreactions-
test-structure-and-uses/

https://ammoniaknowhow.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/05/Production-Of-
Nitric-Acid-2018.pdf

DRYDEN’S OUTLINES OF CHEMICAL


TECHNOLOGY
Thank you

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