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Structure, Formation and Functions of Kenyan Government

The document outlines the structure, formation, and functions of the Kenyan government, detailing the roles of various institutions such as Parliament, the judiciary, and correctional facilities. It discusses the legislative process, the importance of elections, and the functions of key government officials, including the Attorney General and county governors. Additionally, it highlights challenges to justice and free elections, as well as reforms and measures to enhance governance and security in Kenya.

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Dan Mwangi
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
69 views14 pages

Structure, Formation and Functions of Kenyan Government

The document outlines the structure, formation, and functions of the Kenyan government, detailing the roles of various institutions such as Parliament, the judiciary, and correctional facilities. It discusses the legislative process, the importance of elections, and the functions of key government officials, including the Attorney General and county governors. Additionally, it highlights challenges to justice and free elections, as well as reforms and measures to enhance governance and security in Kenya.

Uploaded by

Dan Mwangi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE, FORMATION AND FUNCTIONS OF KENYAN GOVERNMENT

1. What is the main function of Parliament in Kenya


 To make laws.
2. Identify two levels of government in Kenya today
 National government.
 County government.
3. Function of Kenya correctional facilities
 Take care of the welfare of the prisoners.
 Offer prisoners vocational training.
 Confine prisoners convicted by the courts.
 Watch over the behaviour of suspected criminals i.e. remandees.
 Execute the court sentences e.g Administering capital punishments.
 Rehabilitates convicted prisoners.
4. Factors that undermine the administration of Justice in Kenya.
 Inadequate evidence due to inadequate personnel to carry out thorough investigations.
 Lack of awareness by general public on their rights and legal procedures.
 Unwillingness of the public to assist police in investigations and appear as witnesses.
 Abuse of constitutional privileges by government officials.
 Use of outdated customary laws.
 Corruption.
5. Give two reasons why Kenya holds general elections.
 It is a constitutional requirement after every 5 years.
 To give Kenyans a chance to pick leaders of their choice.
 Give citizens a chance to exercise their democratic rights.
 To help keep the elected leaders on their toes to respond to their electorates needs.
 To inject new blood into parliament and government.
 To enable people to give mandate to the party of their choice to rule.
6. Give one function of the Attorney General.
 He is the principal legal advisor of the government and parliament
 Represent national government in court/ legal proceedings apart from criminal proceedings.
 Appear as a friend of the court in any civil proceedings to which the government is not a party.
 Promote, protect and uphold the rule of law and defend public interest.
 To draft government bills and introduces them to the parliament.
7. Give the main role of the court of appeal
 To hear and determine appeal cases brought to it from lower courts and high court.
8. State one function of the county governor.
 He Is the chief executive of the county
 Nominate the deputy governor.
 Appoint members of the executive council.
 Supervise the functions of the county executive committee.
 Participate in the law-making process.
 Ensure implementation of county and national legislation.
9. State three types of bills discussed by the National Assembly.
 Public bills
 Private bills
 Money
10. Explain the process of law making at the national level.
 Starts with the drafting of the intended bill in the Attorney General’s chambers.
 The bill is tabled in parliament for the first time and no discussions or voting is made.
 The bill is taken for the second reading in parliament, it is discussed / debated, amended and
proposed, and voting is done. If approved, it goes to the next stage.
 At Committee stage, the bill is debated either by the committee of the house or by select
committee, amendments are made and taken to the next stage.
 At report stage, the committee of the whole house/ select committee reports the amended bill to
the house. The members of parliament are given the chance to confirm whether the proposals
were incorporated.
 Third reading, the bill is tabled in parliament for the third reading. It is debated, further
amendments are made, and voting takes place. If approved goes to the next stage.
 Presidential assent, this is the last stage, the president approves the bill and signs it to become an
Act of Parliament. It is then published in the Kenya Gazette for the public to see.
11. Outline the composition of the County Assembly.
 Elected members by voters to represent the wards.
 Members representing marginalized groups.
 Speaker.
12. Outline the composition of the County Executive Committee.
 Governor
 Members appointed by Governor.
 Deputy Governor.
13. Give two rule that govern the concept of natural justice
 Right to a fair hearing
 The rule against bias
14. Who is the head of judiciary in Kenya?
 Chief justice
15. Identify three methods that have been used to conduct elections in Kenya.
 Queuing
 Acclamation
 Secret ballot.
16. Why is parliament an important institution in Kenya?
 It amends and repeals laws
 It checks on possible abuse of power by executive thus promoting good governance and
accountability
 It controls government revenue collection and expenditure
 It can remove the president from the office by impeachment.
 Parliament is empowered to investigate the activities of any public servant if MPs feels that
he/she is not doing his/her work well.
 The national assembly approves declaration of war and extensions of state of emergency
 It represents the people of constituencies and special interests in the National assembly.
17. Outline two roles of polling clerks in Kenya.
 They check voters’ documents like identification cards.
 They confirm voters’ names in the voters’ register.
 They issue ballot papers.
 They assist the illiterate and the disabled voters.
 They put indelible ink on voters’ fingers.
 They direct the voters to the ballot box and out of the polling station.
 They help in the counting and sealing of ballot boxes.
18. Identify two functions of the National Intelligence Service (NIS) in Kenya.
 It is responsible for security intelligence and counter intelligence to enhance national security.
 It performs any other functions according to the national legislation.
 It liaises with Kenya Police Criminal Investigation Department (CID) to investigate some threats
that have criminal implication e.g. terrorism.
 It protects human rights issues and individual freedoms.
 It obtains information from both open and confidential sources to assist the government in
decision making.
19. Give two roles played by the ruling party in Kenya.
 Formulate policies on running the government
 Mobilizing people e.g. to attend rallies and participate in elections
 Act as a link between the government and the people/initiate debate on important issues affecting
the people and the government.
 Provide civic education to the electorate.
20. Give two ways in which parliamentary supremacy is undermined in Kenya.
 Increased powers of the president tend to over-rule parliament decisions.
 It cannot make laws contrary to the constitution.
 It is also being overshadowed by the international law.
 By-laws are made by the country authorities without consultation of the parliament.
 Customs and traditions of the people must be respected.
21. Identify three ways that could be used to amend the constitution in Kenya.
 Through a parliamentary vote that must achieve two thirds majority support.
 By a referendum in which at least twenty per cent of registered voters in at least twenty-four
counties should give approval.
 By a simple majority vote by the citizens in a referendum.
22. Outline the procedure for solving disputes in presidential elections in Kenya.
 Petition is filed in the Supreme Court within 7 days of the election.
 The Supreme Court hears and determines the petition within 14 days.
 If the elections are cancelled, fresh elections are held with 60 days.
23. Explain six functions of the Senate in Kenya.
 Debates and approves bills concerning counties.
 Determines the allocation of national revenue allocation to the county governments.
 Initiate bills concerning the counties.
 It represents the counties and swears to protect the interests of the counties and then govt.
 Participates in the oversight of state officers by considering and determining resolutions to
impeach both president and deputy.
 It oversees expenditure of national revenue allocated to the country governments.
24. Give two functions of the National Intelligence Service
 Collects intelligent information on internal state security
 Keeps the state informed on the feeling of the people towards the government
 Gather information on external threats to the nations
25. State three composition of the Cabinet
 President
 Deputy president
 Attorney General
 Cabinet secretaries
26. Explain Six functions of the National Assembly
 Represent the people from constituencies
 Deliberates on and resolves issues of concern to the people
 It makes and amends laws
 It determines the allocation of National revenue between the National and county government
 Approves government expenditure
 Supervises National revenue and expenditure
 Approves declarations of war and extension of state of emergency
 Supervises the operations of state organs.
27. State two functions of the Judiciary in Kenya.
 Interpret the constitution / laws
 Administer justice
28. Give one political right of the youth guaranteed in the New Constitution of Kenya.
 They can stand for election to parliament
 In the Senate, their interests are represented by one male and one female
29. Explain five functions of the Cabinet in Kenya.
 Advising and assisting the president in the day to day running of the government.
 Discuss matters of national and international concern.
 It formulates government’s domestic and foreign policies.
 Initiates bills and tables government bills in the house.
 They give direction to their respective ministries.
 They appear before a committee of the National Assembly or the Senate when required by the
committee and answer questions pertaining to the various ministries.
 They expound government policies.
 They ensure that the government policies are implemented by the civil servants.
 Members of the cabinet represent the president at functions or meetings in and outside the
country i.e. they perform delegated duties.
 The Minister for Finance formulates and prepares the Budget which he or she then presents to the
National Assembly.
30. State five reforms which have been introduced to improve the conditions of Correctional
Services.
 Provision of better food and improved medical services
 Provision of sufficient clothing and bedding.
 Efficient transport as new vehicles have been purchased.
 Direct involvement of the national government in the affairs of those receiving correctional
services. This has raised the morale of those who held and Kenyans.
 The release of death-row inmates. Some inmates who had been in jail for over 10 years were
released.
 The release of a record 11,500 prisoners in December 2003 was aimed at reducing congestion
and enhances the provision of better correctional services.
 Streamlining of the hearing of cases with a view to keeping inmates in remand for a short period
before sentencing them.
31. Explain five factors which undermine free and fair elections in Kenya.
 Inadequate civic education.
 Ethnic and party loyalties.
 Harassment of voters
 Biased election officials
 Incompetent election officials
 Inaccessibility of polling stations owing to transport and communication difficulties or due to
extreme weather conditions
 Illiteracy of voters
 Election rigging
 Corruption in elections e.g. impersonation, cheating or bribery
 Use of negative propaganda by parties in an attempt to outwit one another
 Gender insensitivity
 Misuse of the mass media
 Election violence and consequent chaos can mar elections
 Poor distribution of election materials.
32. Outline two superior courts in Kenya
 The Supreme court
 Court of appeal
 The High court
33. What are the legislative function of the county governor in Kenya
 Assent to county bills before they become laws.
34. Outline two functions of deputy president in Kenya
 Is the principal assistant to the president in the exercise of presidential duties?
 Performs functions as may be directed by the president
 May act as the president in the absence of the president.
35. Name one elective seat in the county government in Kenya
 Gubernatorial seat
 Senatorial seat
 Member of county assembly seat
36. Name organs of the National government in Kenya
 The executive
 The Judiciary
 The Legislature
37. Explain six functions of the Public Service Commission
 Establishing and abolishing offices in public service
 Appointing persons to hold or act in offices and confirm appointment.
 Exercises disciplinary control over persons holding offices.
 Promotes the values and principles of the public service
 Ensures efficiency and effectiveness of the public service.
 Develops human resources in the public service
 Hears and determines appeals in respect of county government public service
 Evaluates and reports to the president and parliament the extent to which values and principles of
public service are complied with.
 Performs any other functions conferred to it by national legislation
38. Give reasons for reviewing constituency boundaries from time to time in Kenya.
 To ensure equitable representation.
 To ensure effective representation.
39. Name the national day recognized by the new constitution in Kenya.
 Madaraka day
 Jamhuri day
 Mashujaa day
40. Identify two elements of the rule of law in Kenya.
 The principle of legality.
 Separation of powers of the three arms of government.
 Equality before the law.
 Judiciary must work without favour or fear of intimidation in the administration of justice.
41. What are the main function of corrective services in Kenya.
 To rehabilitate convicted criminals through counselling and training in vocational courses.
42. Who heads the Supreme Court of Kenya?
 The Chief Justice
43. Name three members of the Executive Committee of the County government in Kenya.
 County Governor
 Deputy County Governor
 Members appointed by governors with County Assembly approval.
44. Explain six possible solutions to insecurity challenges facing Kenya.
 Employing more police officers to improve on the overall police to population ratio.
 Reviewing of the security organs training curriculum to incorporate skills of combating emerging
crimes.
 Increasing the duration of training of security officers to make them more efficient in fighting
crimes.
 Providing modern equipment such as communication gadgets, foreign laboratory and arms.
 Improving the conditions and ........... of service for police officers.
 Increase surveillance along international boundaries by opening patrol bases and deploying of
more personnel to curb illegal entry into the country.
 Streamlining the recruitment of personnel into the security organs to reflect the diversity of the
Kenyan people.
45. Identify three activities that happen to a bill at the second reading stage in the process of
law making in Kenyan Parliament.
 MPs debate the bill.
 Amendments are suggested or proposed.
 The bill can be rejected, or its discussion postponed for six months or proceeds to third stage.
46. State two functions of the County Executive Committee.
 Implementers country legislation and national legislation that affects the county.
 Manages and co-ordinate county administration and its departments
 Prepare proposed legislation for consideration and debate by the assembly
 Provides the county assembly with complete and regular reports on matters relating to the
county.
 Performs any other functions placed on it by the constitution.
47. State three functions of the national Security Council in Kenya.
 Integrates the domestic, foreign and military policies relating to national security
 Asses and appraise the objective, commitments and risks to the Republic in respect of actual and
potential national securing capabilities.
 reports annually to parliament on the state of security of Kenya
 with approval of parliament, may:
 deploy national forces outside Kenya for peace operations
 approve deployment of foreign forces in Kenya.
48. Describe the court structure in Kenya.
 Supreme courts
 Court of appeal
 High court
 Subordinates courts
 Magistrates courts
 Kadhis courts
 Courts martial
 Tribunals
49. Give three reasons that may lead to the impeachment of a government official from office.
 Gross-violation of the constitution
 If the governor has committed a crime under national or international law
 Abuse of office or gross-conduct
 Physical or mental incapacity to perform official functions.
50. Name two types of cases handled by the Kenyan judiciary.
 Criminal
 Civil
51. Name court that handles presidential election petition.
 Supreme Court.
52. What is the main contribution of the Senate.
 Protect interests of the counties and represent counties.
53. Why should there be separation of powers between the three arms of government.
 To balance power and distribute it among the three arms of government.
 To check the excess of power among the three.
 To ensure there is good governance.
 To ensure that there is no arm that is too powerful and abuse power.
 To ensure the independence of each arm.
 To promote democracy and protect people’s rights.
 To ensure there is the rule of law.
 To ensure dispensation of services in an efficient way.
54. State three non-military functions of the Kenya defense forces
 Disaster relief operations
 National building activities e.g. road and bridge constructions
 Entertainment during national holidays
55. Differentiate between some criminal and civil disputes
 A civil dispute is between individuals while a criminal dispute is one in which the law of the land
has been broken by an individual
56. Name the body that reviews salaries of public servants in Kenya
 Salaries and remuneration commission
57. Name two functions of the principal secretary in Kenya government.
 He/she is the chief accounting officer in a ministry.
 He/she is responsible for the day to day activities of the ministry.
 He/she supervise and evaluates the operations of the ministry.
 He/she keep the cabinet secretary informed of the needs and problems of the ministry.
58. One reason why corruption is being discouraged.
 To promote peace and stability.
 To promote national unity.
 To provide fair distribution of national resources.
59. Explain five factors that make it difficult for correctional department in Kenya to work
effectively.
 Inadequate facilities hence congestion and outbreak of diseases.
 Increase in number of inmates hence poor living conditions.
 Inadequate finance hence poor services.
 Poor living condition / low salaries demoralize correctional officers.
 Corruption in correctional centres.
 Shortage of trained counsellors to assist in reforming the inmates.
 Inadequate food, medical facilities and clothing.
 Some inmates have become hardened hence difficult to rehabilitate.
60. Name the administrative head of the County Assemblies in Kenya.
 The clerk to the County Assembly
61. Explain six setbacks faced by the national Police Service in Kenya.
 Inadequate transport and communication.
 Low academic levels.
 A lot of political interference.
 Influx of fire arms in the country.
 Poor relationship between the police and the public.
 Terrorism in the country.
 Modern technology in crime.
62. List one qualification for appointment as a judge of the High court in Kenya.
 One should hold a degree in law from a recognized university.
 One should have at least 10yrs experience as a superior court judge /professionally qualified
magistrate/distinguished academic or legal practitioner
63. Name one ex-officio member of the county assembly.
 The speaker
64. Give five factors that hinder success in national elections.
 Inadequate civic education
 Illiteracy among voter hence marking ballot paper incorrectly
 Violence/chaos during voting /in voting centres.
 Rigging
 Voters bribery during election outcome.
 Explain five challenges facing National Intelligence Service (NIS)
 Lack of trust from Kenyan citizens.
 The questioning of the accountability of finances they use which affect their
secrecy/confidentiality.
 The institution lack clear distinction between accountability and secrecy leading to tension.
 Growing volume and complexity of communication represents a significant challenge for
national intelligence and government agencies.
 Threat by internal and external forces e.g. Al-shaabab,Al qaeda
 The complexity of the task of NIS requires continuous capacity measures is a challenge
 Political interference e.g. from senior politicians
 Limited financial and human resources
 Kenyans lack the idea of pration of NIS
 Lack of powers to follow up on implementation of advice given.
65. Name two changes made by the new constitution on the executive arm of the government.
 Devolution of power to regions by creation of national and county governments.
 Executive powers of the president were reduced.
 Ministers to be referred to as Cabinet Secretaries not appointed from elected members of
parliament but professionals.
 Vice president, named as a running mate by the contesting president before elections.
 Limited number of Cabinet Secretaries (-14 – 22)
66. Explain the possible solutions to challenges faced by the national security organs.
 Acquisition of modern communication equipments and vehicles to improve transport and
communication.
 Introduction of the post of public relations officer and spokesperson to co-ordinate and
dissemination of information affecting relations between the organs and the public.
 Community policing introduced which helps security in getting information from the public.
 Personal training programmes for officers to improve the effectiveness of the organs.
 Qualification requirements for recruitment into the security force have been raised e.g.
Graduates employed.
 Improvement in terms and conditions of service for the members.
 The navy is making efforts to address patrol ships plying Kenyan waters as far north as Somali
border.
 Aviation expert recommended the relocation of Moi Air Base from its current site to avoid
impending disaster.
67. Name the parliamentary symbol of authority.
 The mace.
68. Name two units that make up the national police unit in Kenya.
 The Kenya police service.
 The administration police service.
69. What is the main function of the Attorney General in Kenya.
 Advising the National government as the principal legal advisor.
70. Give three reasons why elections are important in Kenya.
 To give citizens a chance to choose leaders whom they have confidence in.
 It is a constitutional requirement that elections are done after five years.
 To enable Kenyans to have a new government.
 To enable Kenyans to remove non-performing leaders.
 To enable Kenyans to exercise their democratic right of voting.
 To enable people to give mandate to the party of their choice to rule.
 To enable leaders to be responsive to the development needs of the electorate.
71. Give three factors which may undermine the effectiveness of the traffic police in Kenya.
 Large number of vehicles on the roads
 Poor conditions of roads
 Inadequate facilities like vehicles
 Lack of public support
 Corruption/bribery
 Poor remunerations/salaries
 Poor conditions of many vehicles
72. Explain six functions of the Kenya Defense Forces.
 They defend the country from external attacks through deterring those who might want to invade
Kenya and also resisting actual invasion.
 They assist the police in the maintenance of law and order like suppressing riots and other civil
disturbances.
 They provide emergency services during national disasters like floods, earthquakes and
uncontrollable fire.
 They assist in nation building activities like road and bridge construction.
 They participate in international peace keeping for maintenance of peace and security in areas
ravaged by war.
 They provide entertainment during national functions.
 The Kenya navy patrols Kenya’s territorial water and check against illegal docking and
unauthorized fishing.
 Preventing unauthorized entry of aeroplanes and vessels into Kenyan territorial waters and air
space.
73. Give the main function of the National Police Service Commission.
 Recruitment and appointment of persons to hold or act in offices in the service.
74. State one role of the supreme court of Kenya.
 Exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the elections to office of
the President.
 Hears appeals from court of appeal, high court – other tribunals
 Listens to petitions in the interpretation or application of the constitution
 Advises national government, state organs or any country government on any matter concerning
county government
 Affirm, vary or overturn certification of the court of appeal on matters of general public interest.
75. State three functions of cabinet secretaries.
 Supervise government ministries as they are the heads of the various ministries.
 Assist and advise the president on the day to day running of government.
 They decide on government policy
 Defend government policy both inside and outside parliament.
 Supervise policy implementation by civil servants in various ministries.
 Co-coordinating government activities.
 They participate in the law-making process by suggesting bills pertaining to their
 ministries.
76. Explain six functions of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.
 Conducting or supervising referenda and elections to any elective body or office established
 by the constitution.
 Conducts any other elections as prescribed by an act of Parliament.
 It ensures the continuous registration of citizens as voters.
 The Commission regularly revises the voters’ roll.
 It is in charge of delimitation of constituencies and wards.
 It regulates the process by which parties nominate candidates for elections.
 It settles electoral disputes, including disputes relating to nominations but excluding election
petition and disputes subsequent to the declaration of election results.
 Ensures registration of candidates for election.
 Conducts voter education.
 Facilitates the observation, monitoring and evaluation of elections.
 Regulates the amount of money that may be spent on behalf of a candidate or party in respect of
any election.
 Ensures development of a code of conduct for candidates and parties contesting elections.
 Monitors compliance with the legislation relating to nomination of candidates by parties.
77. State the meaning of ‘parliamentary supremacy’
 Parliament is the law-making and amending body and the laws cannot be overruled by any
individual or organ unless on constitutional basis.
78. Name the head of the county government.
 The governor
79. State three qualifications for a person to be elected as a member of the national assembly in
Kenya.
 A Kenyan citizen
 21 years and above
 Registered voter in a parliamentary constituency
 Be able to read and speak Kiswahili and English well
 Be nominated by a registered political party.
 An independent candidate must be supported by 1000 voters from the constituency.
80. Name three categories of Kenya defense forces.
 Kenya Army
 Kenya Airforce
 Kenya Navy
81. Name the highest court in Kenya.
 The Supreme Court.
82. State three qualifications for one to be nominated to contest a county elective post.
 Must be a registered voter.
 Satisfy educational, moral, and ethical requirements prescribed by the constitution or an act of
parliament.
 Nominated by a registered party/or be an independent candidate.
83. Explain six roles of a returning officer in an election in Kenya.
 Distributes elections materials to the polling stations.
 Receives nomination papers from candidates.
 Supervises the voting & counting of votes on the constituency.
 Receives poll results from the polling stations.
 Tallies and verify’s from the polling stations.
 Appoints the presiding officers for polling stations in the constituency.
 Announcing results of parliamentary elections.
84. The Chief Accounting Officer in the Judicial Service Commission.
 Registrar
85. Outline five principles of the rule of the law.
 All laws to be prospective and open.
 Laws to be stable, not changing too often.
 Making of certain laws to be guided by open, stable, clear and general rules.
 The independence of the judiciary must be guaranteed.
 The principle of natural justice must be adhered to before action is taken.
 Courts to have powers to review the implementation of those principles.
 Courts to be easily accessible.
86. Explain the functions of the High Court of Kenya.
 The High Court is a constitutional court which interprets the constitution to determine whether a
dispute is constitutional or not.
 Has unlimited original jurisdiction in criminal and civil matters.
 Protects the rights or fundamental freedoms in the Bill of rights.
 Hears appeals from tribunals appointed by the constitution to consider the removal of a person
from office other than the president.
 Supervises the subordinate courts.
 Hears appeals from the subordinate courts.
 It deals with petitions arising from parliamentary and county elections.
 Corrects mistakes made in decisions of the lower courts
87. State five reforms which have been introduced to improve the conditions of Correctional
Services.
 Provision of better food and improved medical services
 Provision of sufficient clothing and bedding.
 Efficient transport as new vehicles have been purchased.
 Direct involvement of the national government in the affairs of those receiving correctional
services. This has raised the morale of those who held and Kenyans.
 The release of death-row inmates. Some inmates who had been in jail for over 10 years were
released.
 The release of a record 11,500 prisoners in December 2003 was aimed at reducing congestion
and enhances the provision of better correctional services.
 Streamlining of the hearing of cases with a view to keeping inmates in remand for a short period
before sentencing them.
88. Explain five factors which undermine free and fair elections in Kenya.
 Inadequate civic education.
 Ethnic and party loyalties.
 Harassment of voters
 Biased election officials
 Incompetent election officials
 Inaccessibility of polling stations owing to transport and communication difficulties or due to
extreme weather conditions
 Illiteracy of voters
 Election rigging
 Corruption in elections e.g. impersonation, cheating or bribery
 Use of negative propaganda by parties in an attempt to outwit one another
 Gender insensitivity
 Misuse of the mass media
 Election violence and consequent chaos can mar elections
 Poor distribution of election materials.
89. Outline two functions of the principal secretary in Kenya government.
 He/she is the chief accounting officer in a ministry.
 He/she is responsible for the day to day activities of the ministry.
 He/she supervise and evaluates the operations of the ministry.
 He/she keep the cabinet secretary informed of the needs and problems of the ministry.
90. Explain five factors that make it difficult for correctional department in Kenya to work
effectively.
 Inadequate facilities hence congestion and outbreak of diseases.
 Increase in number of inmates hence poor living conditions.
 Inadequate finance hence poor services.
 Poor living condition / low salaries demoralize correctional officers.
 Corruption in correctional centres.
 Shortage of trained counsellors to assist in reforming the inmates.
 Inadequate food, medical facilities and clothing.
 Some inmates have become hardened hence difficult to rehabilitate.
91. Outline the military function of the Kenya Defense Forces. (KDF)
 To defend the country from external threats
 Preserving internal security when the police are fully extended or unable to contain a situation.
 The armed forces participate in peace- keeping efforts outside the country under AU or UNO
 Defend and protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the republic.
92. Name two types of cases handled by the courts martial.
 Assisting an enemy
 Desertion
 Drunkenness
 Insubordination
 Cowardice
 Absence without leave.
93. What two factors that undermine the supremacy of the National Assembly?
 Courts can overrule an act of parliament
 The president can dissolve parliament and call for elections.
 Rule of law – parliament cannot pass constitution of the land.
 The president has power to declare an emergency state,
 Increased powers of the executive can reduce parliament’s authority.
94. Name three roles of the National Intelligence Commission.
 Collects intelligence information on threats to state security.
 Keeps the state in formed on the feelings of the people towards the government and government
policies.
 Gathers information on external threats to the nation.
95. Explain five situations that can make a registered voter be denied the right to vote in
Kenya.
 When one is of unsound mind.
 When one is discovered to have registered twice.
 When one does not have an original identity card on voting day.
 When one is late/passed the voting time.
 When one’s name does not appear in the voter’s register.
 When one presents himself/herself in a constituency where one is not registered.
96. Identify two non-elected members of the cabinet in Kenya.
 Cabinet secretaries
 The Attorney General
97. State five functions of the senate in Kenya.
 Protects the interests of the counties and their government
 Representing the counties in the National parliament
 Participate in law making
 Determine the allocation of the National revenue
 Exercising oversight of the National revenue
 Exercising oversight of state officers e.g president and the Deputy president.
98. Name two ways in which one can become a member of parliament.
 Through elections
 Through nomination
 By virtue of office
99. List Five functions of the national Assembly.
 It has power to enact legislation that affects the nation
 Represents the will of the people from 290 constituencies as well as special interest groups
 Approving declarations of war and extensions of states of Emergency when declared
 It deliberates on and resolves issues of concern of people
 Controlling National revenue and expenditures of the republic
 Has the responsibility of reviewing the conduct in office of the president, the Deputy president
and other state officers and has terminative role over the same offices.
100. Give Five roles played by a presiding officer in a polling station.
 Conduct the polls in a free and fair manner
 Ensure that every eligible voter votes only once
 Helps illiterate voters mark ballot papers
 Send the ballot boxes and transfer them to a central point for tallying
 Maintain law and order in a polling station
 Ensure impartiality in conducting polls.
101. Describe the conditions which may warrant a member of parliament to lose his or her seat.
 Ceases to be a Kenyan citizen by acquiring another country’s citizenship and opts to cease
 being a Kenyan
 Defects from one party to another
 Fails to attend eight consecutive sessions without speaker’s permission
 Is found to have committed an election offence and had his/her election nullified
 It declared bankrupt by a court of law
 Is found to be of unsound mind
 Resigns from the national Assembly in writing to the speaker
 Receives a jail term exceeding six months or a death penalty from a court of law
 An independent member of parliament joins a political party
 Resigns from the sponsoring political party in written letter
102. State two functions of the Sergeant-at Arms.
 Custodian of mace which is a symbol of authority in the House.
 Responsible for the maintenance of parliament building
 Enforces all orders made by the speakers.
 In-charge of all ceremonies and disciplines within and around parliament.
103. Discuss the importance of natural justice in Kenya.
 It recorrects wrong decisions and redness the wrongs.
 It restores the just position of a person.
 It maintains rights of persons.
 It ensures fair play by all parties involved.
 It avoids police torture of suspects.
 It promotes the rule of law.
 It may alleviate the suffering which may arise from wrong /hard decisions of a judicial nature.
104. Which body supervises the electoral process in Kenya?
 IEBC – The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission
105. State two ways in which the rule of law is applied in Kenya
 All of them are equal before the law
 Every person is responsible for his or her action
 Courts to be easily accessible to all
 Stable laws which do not change oftenly
 Judiciary to be independent of other organs of the government
106. Outline the functions of the defence forces in Kenya.
 Defend the country from external aggression
 Participate in various development projects eg road and bridge construction.
 Provide emergency services during national disasters eg earthquakes,flood,fire etc
 Recover bodies of victims who drown/ ferry capsizing.
 Contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.
 Assist the regular police in the maintenance of law and order.
 Provide entertainment to Kenyans during national functions and the state guests
 Dealing with illegal docking and departure and unauthorized fishing in Kenya waters by foreign
vasselling (navy)
 Partroling Kenyan territorial waters and defending Kenyans against seaborne invasion.
107. Who is the head of the national police services.?
 Inspector general
108. State one way in which one can become a member of the National Assembly in Kenya
 By being elected to represent the constituency
 By being nominated by his or her party.
 Ex-official member by virtue of office Attorney general
109. What are the functions of the National government
 Develop and implement foreign affairs and policies
 Management of international trade
 Defending the country from external expression
 Maintaining law and order within the country
 Providing national health care
 Administration of justice through the judiciary
 Managing the environment and natural resources.
 Managing industrial relations
 Formulating a national economy policy.
 Developing and maintaining national transport and communication infrastructure.
 Handling immigration and citizenship
 Control use of international water resources
110. Give the composition of the national security council
 The president
 Deputy president
 Cabinet secretary responsible for defence
 Cabinet secretary responsible for internal security
 Attorney general
 The chief of Kenya defence force
 Director general of national intelligence service
 Inspector general of the national police service
111. Explain five challenges facing the Kenya Defence Forces
 Political interference on top ranking jobs and decision making
 Corruption especially during recruitment
 Incompetence due to how low of education/low grades
 Lack of physical fitness-always in barracks
 Indiscipline –coup 1982
 Gender discrimination-has few women
 Tribalism, nepotism in promotion
 Vidation of human rights
 Border disputes
 Piracy
 Poor renumaration
112. Outline one type of representative democracy.
 Presidential system
 Parliamentary system
113. Name two types of special courts in Kenya.
 The kadhi court.
 Court martial.
 The industrial court.
114. What is the main functions of opposition parties in Kenya?
 To provide a system of checks and balances to the government of the day in order to guarded
against excessive use if power/act as check on the government actions of the government.
115. State five factors that can make a person be disqualified from being a member of a county
assembly in Kenya.
 If a person is a state officer other than the member of the county assembly.
 If the person has at any-time within his five years immediately before the date of election held
office as a member of IEBC.
 If one has not been a citizen for ten years preceding the date of election.
 If one has been found in accordance with any law of have abuse a state/public office.
 If one is proven to be bankrupt.
 If a person is of unsound mind.
116. Give the main role of the court of appeal
 To hear and determine appeal cases brought to it from lower courts and high court.
117. Why is parliament an important institution in Kenya?
 It amends and repeals laws
 It checks on possible abuse of power by executive thus promoting good governance and
accountability
 It controls government revenue collection and expenditure
 It can remove the president from the office by impeachment.
 Parliament is empowered to investigate the activities of any public servant if MPs feels that
he/she is not doing his/her work well.
 The national assembly approves declaration of war and extensions of state of emergency
 It represents the people of constituencies and special interests in the National assembly.
118. Outline two roles of polling clerks in Kenya.
 They check voters’ documents like identification cards.
 They confirm voters’ names in the voters’ register.
 They issue ballot papers.
 They assist the illiterate and the disabled voters.
 They put indelible ink on voters’ fingers.
 They direct the voters to the ballot box and out of the polling station.
 They help in the counting and sealing of ballot boxes.
119. Identify two functions of the National Intelligence Service (NIS) in Kenya.
 It is responsible for security intelligence and counter intelligence to enhance national security.
 It performs any other functions according to the national legislation.
 It liaises with Kenya Police Criminal Investigation Department (CID) to investigate some threats
that have criminal implication e.g. terrorism.
 It protects human rights issues and individual freedoms.
 It obtains information from both open and confidential sources to assist the government in
decision making.
120. Give two roles played by the ruling party in Kenya.
 Formulate policies on running the government
 Mobilizing people e.g. to attend rallies and participate in elections
 Act as a link between the government and the people/initiate debate on important issues affecting
the people and the government.
 Provide civic education to the electorate.

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