CAR Management Briefing Seminars

Connected and Automated Vehicles Technology Session

July 30, 2018

V2X: A Road to 5G
Jim Misener
Senior Director, Technical Standards
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Rel-14 C-V2X
Gaining momentum for
automotive safety

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C-V2X enables network independent communication
Direct safety communication Network communications
independent of cellular network for complementary services
Low latency Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Vehicle to Network (V2N) operates in a mobile
Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle to Person (V2P) operator's licensed spectrum
operating in ITS bands (e.g. 5.9 GHz)
Direct PC5 interface Network Uu interface
e.g. location, speed, local hazards e.g. accident 2 kilometer ahead

V2I V2I
(PC5) (PC5)

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RSU

V2V V2N V2N

(PC5) (Uu) (Uu)
V2P V2P eNodeB
(PC5) (PC5)

1. RSU stands for roadside unit 3

V2V
Vehicle-to-vehicle
e.g., collision avoidance safety systems
C-V2X
V2I
Establishes the foundation for
Vehicle-to-infrastructure safety use cases and a continued
e.g., traffic signal timing/priority
5G NR C-V2X evolution for future
V2P autonomous vehicles
Vehicle-to-pedestrian
e.g., safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists

V2N
Vehicle-to-network
e.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services
Release 14 C-V2X
completed in 2017
Broad industry support — 5GAA
Global trials started in 2017
Our 1st announced C-V2X
product in September, 2017

Enhanced range and reliability for direct

communication without network assistance
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 Evolving C-V2X Direct Communications towards 5G NR
While maintaining backward capabilities

Autonomous driving use cases

Evolution to 5G NR, while being backward compatible 5G NR C-V2X Rel-16
C-V2X Rel-14 is necessary and operates with Rel-16
Backward compatible with Rel-14/Rel-15 enabled vehicles
Basic and enhanced safety Higher throughput Wideband carrier support
C-V2X Rel-14 / Rel-15 with enhanced range and reliability
Higher reliability Lower latency

Basic safety
IEEE 802.11p

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Ten attributes about C-V2X

Designed for low-latency direct

Features robust synchronization even
1 communications without relying 6 in the absence of satellite/GNSS
on network assistance

Designed to work on harmonized

Designed to leverage investments in
2 ITS 5.9 GHz spectrum for safety 7 upper layers as defined for DSRC
applications

Designed for high-speed vehicular Expected to be ready for commercial

3 use case 8 deployment in vehicles for 2020

A safer technology with predictable

More cost efficient than other
4 performance due to 3GPP-defined 9 V2X technologies
rigorous minimum requirements

A modern technology with superior The only V2X technology with a clear and
5 radio performance 10 forward compatible evolution path to 5G

GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System 6

Line-of-Sight (LOS) Range / Reliability Road Test in
Fowlerville, Michigan

© 2018 5GAA 7
 Obstructed Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) Range/Reliability
Road Test in Fowlerville, Michigan

4X the range @ 90% reception threshold

© 2018 5GAA 8
 A Road Ahead: SAE C-V2X Standardization

Current: SAE J3161 (On-Board Future: SAE J3161/0 to define

Requirements…LTE-V2X) profiles to use SAE J2945/3,4,6…. • Media independence on next IEEE
1609 WG meeting agenda

Reuse and adapt

other standards
IEEE 1609.3 (WSMP)
UDP / TCP • Will be able to support a full featured
IEEE 1609.2 IEEE 1609.12 (PSID)
(Security 1609.3 over PC5
Services) IEEE 1609.0
IPv6 (Architecture)

• For Vehicle Safety Channel, PC5 can

Non-IP transport BSM, SPAT, MAP, RSM (and
V2X Protocol PDCP other J2945/3, /4 and /6

3GPP scope
RLC
enhancement) exactly like DSRC
MAC
• Plan introduce a “/0”-type document to
describe C-V2X specifics
PHY

SAE INTERNATIONAL
V2V/V2I/V2P reuses existing
DSRC upper layers

DSRC security and

3GPP security
upper layer
and protocols
protocols

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 Modern technology
with superior radio
performance
C-V2X provides better range and
C-V2X
more reliable communication in all
deployment scenarios at all densities

C-V2X
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5G NR C-V2X
Brings new capabilities to
C-V2X for autonomous driving

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 NR Designing a unified, more capable 5G air interface

High bands
Mission-critical above 24GHz
services (mmWave)

5G Enhanced mobile
broadband
Mid bands
1GHz to 6GHz

Massive Internet
of Things
Low bands
below 1GHz

Diverse services Diverse spectrum Diverse deployments

Scalability to address an extreme Getting the most out of a wide From macro to indoor hotspots,
variation of requirements array of spectrum bands / types with support for diverse topologies

A unifying connectivity fabric for future innovation

A platform for existing, emerging, and unforeseen connected services
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 Perception
Sharing of high throughput sensor
data and real world model

5G NR C-V2X
Communication augments
autonomous driving Path planning
Intention and trajectory sharing for
faster, yet safe maneuvers

Real-time local updates

Real-time sharing of local data with infrastructure
and other vehicles (e.g. 3D HD maps)

Coordinated driving
Exchanging intention and sensor data for more
predictable, coordinated autonomous driving

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Resulting in a 5G NR C-V2X design that addresses
autonomous vehicle use case requirements

Higher throughput High vehicle speeds

High spectral efficiency Support higher data rates at
to achieve higher data rate relative speeds up to 500km/h

5G NR Lower latency Harmonious coexistence

Access latency below 1ms Can coexist with Rel-14 in the
C -V2X for time critical use cases same channel/band

Higher reliability Backward compatibility

Unicast multicast support Vehicles with Rel-16 will also
using efficient feedback support Rel-14 for safety

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C-V2X gaining support from automotive and telecom leaders
5GAA is a cross-industry consortia to help define C-V2X and its evolution to 5G

Automotive industry Telecommunications

Vehicle platform, hardware, and software solutions Connectivity and networking systems, devices, and technologies

End-to-end solutions for intelligent transportation mobility systems and smart cities

Airgain Alpine Electronics Analog Devices Anritsu EMEA Ltd AT&T Audi BAIC Beijing University Bell Mobility BMW Bosch
CATT Cetecom China Transinfo China Unicom CMCC Continental Daimler Danlaw DEKRA Denso Deutsche Telekom
Ericsson FEV Ficosa Ford Fraunhofer Gemalto Hirschman Car Hitachi Automotive US Honda Huawei Infineon Intel
Interdigital Jaguar Land Rover Juniper KDDI Keysight KT Laird Tech LG Murata Nissan Nokia NTT DoCoMo OKI Orange
P3 Group Panasonic Proximus PSA Qualcomm Rohde & Schwarz Rohm SAIC Samsung Savari SIAC SK Telecom Skyworks
Softbank Sumitomo Telefonica Telekom Austria Telstra TÜV Valeo Veniam Verizon Viavi Vodafone Volkswagen (VW) ZF ZTE

Source: http://5gaa.org/; accurate as of January, 2018 17