Databases and their concepts

Alan
Key features: Managed data

The organized format that databases use to organize data, usually in tables. This makes the process of data retrieval and
management much easier. These tables are made up of rows and columns. The structured format of databases makes it
easy to get complex searches and combine data from different tables. This makes it easier for the users to find the needed
information and connections in the large amounts of data. By organizing and managing data clearly, databases make sure it
remains accurate and make it easier to update and manage the data within.
Key features: Storing data

Databases are designed to handle large amounts of data with no problem, due to the growing needs of businesses and
applications. They can store large amount of information, often millions or even billions of records, without making the
performance worse. The ability to handle big data is very important for applications in industries like social media, finance,
healthcare and more, since it needs rapid and reliable access to large datasets.
Key features: Retrieving data

Databases make it easy to retrieve and access data whenever needed, due to their structured organization and querying
capabilities. They use indexing to quickly locate specific records. This reduce the time it takes to find the needed information
or data. Query allows users to make precise searches easily.
History

- 1960s: The Appearance of Databases - Network and hierarchical databases were one of the earliest versions of database
management systems. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) developed the Information Management System in
the late 1960s, which used a tree-like structure to organize data. At the same time the Network Model was created at the
Conference on Data Systems Languages, which used a graph structure to manage data. In 1963, Charles Bachman created
the Integrated Data Store.
- 1970s: The Relation Model - In 1970, Edgar F. Codd of IBM published a paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared
Data Banks," introducing the relational model. It used tables to represent data and allowed for flexibility and simplicity in
querying data using Structured Query Language (SQL).
- 1980s: Growth and Standardization - Relational database management systems (RDBMS) started to be sold in the 1980s.
Oracle, founded in 1977, released its first SQL-based RDBMS in 1979. In 1986, the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) adopted SQL as the standard query language, improving the relational model's dominance.
- 1990s: Diversification - In the 1990s, object-oriented databases (OODBMS) overcome the limitations of relational databases
by including object-oriented programming principles.
Real life usage

● E-Commerce: Databases can store customer details, order history and product information. It can make flawless and ideal
shopping experiences and inventory management.
● Hospitals - Databases can store patient records, treatment histories and medication information, making it easy for accessing
and updating for the healthcare providers.
● Banking - Databases can manage account information, transaction histories, and personal details for thousands of customers.
Thank you
Types of database programs
Time-Series Databases
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)
1. InfluxDB - Latest Version: 2.4
1. MySQL - Latest Version: 8.0.34 2. TimescaleDB - Latest Version: 2.10
2. PostgreSQL - Latest Version: 15.3 3. OpenTSDB - Latest Version: 2.4.1
3. Oracle Database - Latest Version: 21c
Graph Databases
Object-Oriented Databases (OODBMS)
1. Neo4j - Latest Version: 5.7
1. Db4o - Latest Version: 8.1 2. Amazon Neptune - Latest Version: Managed service, continuously updated
2. ObjectDB - Latest Version: 2.8.6 3. OrientDB - Latest Version: 3.2.10
3. Versant - Latest Version: 8.0
Multimodel Databases
In-Memory Databases
1. ArangoDB - Latest Version: 3.10
1. Redis - Latest Version: 7.2 2. OrientDB - Latest Version: 3.2.10
2. SAP HANA - Latest Version: 2.0 SP07 3. MarkLogic - Latest Version: 11.0
3. VoltDB - Latest Version: 11.3
Embedded Databases
Columnar Databases
1. SQLite - Latest Version: 3.43.1
1. Apache HBase - Latest Version: 2.6.3 2. H2 - Latest Version: 2.1.214
2. Google Bigtable - Latest Version: Managed service, continuously updated 3. Apache Derby - Latest Version: 10.16.1.1
3. ClickHouse - Latest Version: 23.3
Cloud Databases
Distributed Databases
1. Amazon RDS - Latest Version: Managed service, continuously updated
1. Apache Cassandra - Latest Version: 4.1 2. Google Cloud SQL - Latest Version: Managed service, continuously updated
2. CockroachDB - Latest Version: 23.1 3. Microsoft Azure SQL Database - Latest Version: Managed service,
3. Amazon DynamoDB - Latest Version: Managed service, continuously updated continuously updated
 Doctor History

ID Treatments

Name Illness

Gender Dates
Medical
info
Age Medicine
Medicine
Hospital database
Treatment
Patient Records
Illness
ID Date

Name Medicine

Gender Notes

Age