Java Exception Handling Cheat Sheet Gavaconceptoftheday.com) Basics Types Of Exceptions What is exception? Exception is an abnormal condition which ocours during execution ofa program and disrupts the hormalfiow of 9 program Ex: NumberFomatException, WithmaticBxcoation, ‘rtayindexoutowoundsexcoption, Classcastexception, ulainterexception, StackOverlowezror, OutorMemoryerror et Exception Handling tn Java: Exceptions in Java are handled using try, catch and finally biock. wy ‘This block contains statements which may throw oxcoptionsduriag runtime, t atehExcoption &) t “hie blocchandles the exceptions thrown by the uy black x ‘nally ‘Thic blockie always executed whether an exception I thrown or not and thrown exception Is caught ornet, + Rules To Follow While Writing try-catch-finally Blocks : by, catch and finally blocks form one. ‘There mustbe one try blockand one or more catch blocks. fray block is optional There should not be any statements in betweon the blocks, IT there are multiple catch blocks the order of catch blocks must be from most specie ro general ones-Le.lower cassesin ne hierarchy ff exceptions must comets and higher classes later. i ty-cateh-fnaly blocks are supposedto retum = vale ¥- sHfnally block oturns a value then try and catch blocks may ormay notretum a value. ¥ tHfinally block does not return a value then both try and catch blocks must return a value. ¥ Thaly block overrides return valuestrom ty land catch blocks. ¥ Thaly blockwil be aluays executed even ‘ough ey and ath Blocks ae returing the onal There are two types of exceptions h Java 1. Checked Exceptions are the exceptions which are checked during compilation sel 2. Unchecked Excoptions are the excoptions which are not checked during compilation. They occur only at runtime: Checked Exceptions Unchecked Exceptions “They are checked at comple time. “They are not checked at comple He “They af comple time exceptions. “They are run ime exceptions “These exceptions mist be handled propery eRher using try-catch blocks or using throws clause, otherwise compiler wilthrow error these exceptionsare not nandled properly, compier wil not throw any error. But, you may get frrorat run time TA the sub asses ofjavalana.Sxcepton (except sub classes of javalang.RunTimeException) are TAU the sub asses of java lang. Run imeExcepton and all the sub classes of javaang.Evrr ere checked exceptions, iinchecked exceptions Ex: FleNotroundexcepton, 1OEwception, Ex : Mullpcinterexceotion,Arthmeticexception, SSOLExcoptin, CasstotFoundexception Classcastexcopton, SrrayladexOutOWBoundsExcepton Hierarchy Of Exceptions Javallang.Throwable is the super class forall type of errors and exceptlonsin ava, thas two sub classes 1. javalang.Error :Itis the superclass forall types of erors in eva 2 javaslang.excoption : [isthe superclass forall types of exceptions in Java throw Keyword throws Keyword Frequently Occurring Except +1) NullPointerException occurs when your ‘application tiesto access nul object 2) arrayindexoutofsoundsexception occurs tunen you try to access an array lemant with an Invalid Index ie index greaterthan the array length or witha negative index 3) NumberFormatException is thrown when you are tiving to convert a sting to numeric value ike Integer, Toat, double etc... but input string s nota val number 4) ClassNotFoundexception is thrown when an application tries to load a class at runtime but the Class with spectied name isnot found in the classpath. 5) ArithmeticException is thrown when an jbnormal arithmetic condition arises an ‘application {6) SQLException is thrown when an application encounters with an errorwhile interacting with the database, 7) ClassCastexception occurs nhien an object of fone type can notbe castedte ancther type. £8) 10Exception occurs when an [0 operation fais in your application 9) NoClassDefFoundérror is thrown when Java Funtime System tles to load the definition ofa class which s no longer avaiable. 10) StackOverflowError isa runtime error which foccurs when stack overfions. This happens when Yyoukeep caling the methods recusively. throw keywordis used te throw an exception throws keynordis used to specify the exceptionsthat expletiy. maybe thrown bythe method ww roturn_typ8 method_nama(earameter fet throws c txception fet throw InstanceotThrowableType; ‘ > some statements éatch(InstanceOtThrowableType) > ‘ where, exception listis the list of exceptions that 5 tmothod may throw. Exceptions must be separated by where, InstanceOrThrowabletype must be an object of type Throwable or subclass of Throwable. Try-with Resources Ty with resources blocks are introduced from lava 7. in these Blocks, resources used In try blocks are auto- closed. No need to clase the resources explicitly. But, Java 7 ty with resources has one drawback. tt requlras resources to be declared locally within try block It doesnt recognize resources declared outside the try block. That issue has been resolved in lava 9 Before Java? After Java 7 [Mbednerecuashee After Java ‘w{DelareesucesharOR ELSE se al verte celta cede) idee rescoerhere wy t yas erence dedaredrescuces ( Msereseces bare hare) Moaresoscestore } i cath epton) Mreacstore cach xceptone t ’ ( Moree bret cach (Exipone) {escrecestns trea ! q ) ‘Meech oy fea {Reucsereseo deed ) ‘ [Nori om recs expt Woe cescstece Rescue noced i {None toca rece epy