GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING

It is the technique that systematically records the operations carried out by the departments
and entities of the public administration, as well as the identifiable and quantifiable
economic events that affect them, with the aim of generating financial, budgetary,
programmatic and economic information that facilitates decision-making and oversight for
users.
Provide complete and timely financial, budgetary, programmatic and economic accounting
information to support the decisions of public entity officials in their different areas and
phases of the administrative process, and also contribute to the information collected in the
determination of planning policies and in the programming of government actions.

GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING BACKGROUND

The evolution of government accounting in Mexico, as well as the fiscal organization and
public administration in general, are historically determined by the constitution and
development of the Mexican State and its public institutions. This evolution included
periods of instability and development, motivated fundamentally by the consolidation of the
National Political Regime.
Government Accounting Standards
They are defined as the essential foundations to support the correct recording of operations
and the preparation and presentation of Financial Statements based on their reasoning,
demonstrated efficiency, support of specialized legislation and general application of
Government Accounting.

DEFINITION OF GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING

Technique intended to capture, classify, record, summarize, communicate and interpret the
economic, financial, administrative, patrimonial and budgetary activity of the State.
Systematized record of operations derived from financial resources assigned to public
administration institutions, aimed at obtaining and interpreting the results and their
respective financial statements that show the financial situation of the public
administration.

NATURE OF GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING

The problem consists exclusively of cognitive problems concerning the nature (in particular
the laws) of the members of D as well as problems concerning other components of C.

In Accounting: These problems are the essence of the discipline: their solution is sought
through accounting research along the path: problem -> hypothesis -> law -> theory or
solution.
The problems relate to the nature of the accounting activity between the accountant, the
accounted for and the accountant. The laws that govern them are sought and specific
accounting policies are obtained.

By law we do not understand its legal concept but rather the following:
SER I.- Objective scheme: law or objective law or nomic structure
Accounting example: relationships in accounting activity between sender, receiver and
accountant.
KNOW II.- Metamological formula or scheme of law-like statements: formula (proposition
or proportional function) that attempts to reproduce an objective scheme.
Accounting example: the legal formulas of Accounting must take into account the three
main members of its universe: issuer, receiver and accountant.
KNOW III.- Legal formula or pomological statement that refers to an objective scheme and
experience.

PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING

Considering that Accounting is a technique that aims to support and optimize the processes
of Administration and Economy in a business organization, its teaching requires clearly
defined and practical objectives, feasible to apply with exact precision.

For this reason, this Manual, aiming to provide basic accounting content, will focus its
teaching on the teaching material and student participation in the development of practical
situations and cases that must be resolved, which will logically be coordinated with the
content expressed in the study program presented previously.

This will provide a brief overview of the Objectives, function and purpose of Accounting,
and then briefly cover the commercial and banking documentation, which are the
documents that record the historical economic events that have occurred in the company
and which are consolidated as the basis for the accounting records subsequently prepared in
the accounting systems that the institution will keep.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING

Definition
They establish the delimitation, quantification and identification of the economic entity, the
bases for quantifying operations and the presentation of quantitative financial information
through financial statements.
Classification
 Identify delimit
 Quantify present
 information
 General requirements

LAWS GOVERNING GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING

Government accounting, like all actions carried out by the public administration, must be
legally supported. The characteristics and progress of public institutions will largely depend
on what the various laws, regulations and other ordinances that underpin it stipulate or not.
For this reason, in the context of the Program for the Modernization of Government
Accounting and Public Accounts Systems, the review, updating and strengthening of the
legal accounting frameworks is promoted, as a premise to achieve technical homogeneity
and a parallel development of said systems at a national level.

The primary standards for the application of government accounting are:

1. Budget law.
2. Organic Law of the National Public Treasury.
3. Law on the Private Pension Fund Administration System.

The main institutions that regulate government accounting are:

1. Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic.
2. National Public Accounting Office.
3. National Budget Office.
4. Federation of Colleges of Public Accountants.
5. Integrated Public Finance Management and Control System.

GENERAL COMPTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS OF GUATEMALA

The Comptroller General of Accounts (CGC) of the Republic of Guatemala is a

decentralized technical institution, with oversight functions of income, expenditures and in
general of all fiscal interests of State Agencies, municipalities, decentralized and
autonomous entities, as well as any person who receives funds from the State or who makes
public collections. Public works contractors and any other person who, by delegation of the
State, invests or manages public funds are also subject to this oversight.
The Office of the Comptroller General was established by Art. 232 of the Political
Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala, May 31, 1985. However, this higher fiscal
entity was created on March 11, 1945, in the constitution of that same year.

Functions of the General Accounting Controller

The functions of the General Comptroller's Office are established in its Organic Law,
among which we have:
a) To be the governing body of government control. The provisions, policies and
procedures issued within the scope of its competence are mandatory for the observance and
compliance of the organizations, institutions, entities and other persons referred to in
Article 2 of this Law;
b) Carry out the examination of financial-administrative operations and transactions
through the practice of audits with a comprehensive approach to the organizations,
institutions, entities and other persons referred to in article 2 of this Law, issuing the report
on what was examined in accordance with the generally accepted auditing standards and
current government auditing standards;
c) Regulate institutional internal control and the management of internal audit units,
proposing measures that contribute to improving their efficiency and effectiveness,
including the characteristics that members of said units must have;
d) Evaluate the results of the management of the organizations, institutions, entities and
persons referred to in Article 2 of this Law, under the criteria of probity, effectiveness,
efficiency, transparency, economy and equity;

e) Audit, issue an opinion and report on the financial statements, execution and liquidation
of the General Budget of Income and Expenditures of the State, and those of the
autonomous and decentralized entities, sending the corresponding reports to the Congress
of the Republic, within the constitutional term;

f) Promote ex officio and be a plaintiff in Accounting Trials against public officials and
employees who have not dispelled the objections or charges formulated by the General
Comptroller's Office;

g) Request the appointing authority to immediately suspend the public official or employee
in charge of the custody, management and administration of public securities, when facts
that presumably constitute a crime, linked to their powers, have been detected and, in
addition, report them to the competent authorities;
h) Appoint temporary intervenors in matters within their competence in the organizations,
institutions or entities subject to control, when it is proven that their economic-financial
stability is being compromised;

i) Authorize the forms, whether printed or on computer media, intended for the receipt of
funds and expenditure of movable property and supplies, except for those referring to the
administrative aspects of the entities referred to in article 2 of this law, as well as control
and supervise their management;

j) Examine the accounting of public works contractors and of any individual or legal person
who, by delegation of the State, receives, invests or manages public funds, as well as those
to which the State delegates the administration, execution or supervision of public works or
services, in relation to State funds;

k) Authorize and verify the correct use of loose sheets, main and auxiliary books that are
operated manually, electronically or by other legally authorized means of the entities
subject to supervision;

l) When circumstances so require and exclusively, qualify and hire Public Accountants and
Independent Auditors, who are Active Members individually or as Audit Firms, to perform
audits on the organizations, entities and persons referred to in article 2 of this Law, these
being subject to the supervision of the General Comptroller's Office;

m) Promote the professional efficiency of government auditors, through a continuous

training and updating plan;

n) Promote mechanisms to combat corruption;

o) Verify the veracity of the information contained in the declarations of integrity submitted
by public officials and employees, in accordance with the relevant law and this Law;

p) In accordance with the characteristics of the entities subject to examination, the Office of
the Comptroller General may hire specialists from other professional disciplines to
participate in the audits, who must issue a Technical Opinion in accordance with their
specialty;

q) Exercise control over the issuance of postal, fiscal, bond, coupon and other public debt
documents or securities issued by the State or the municipality, national lottery tickets or
any other documents or securities determined by law,
r) Control the incineration or destruction of certificates, bonds, coupons and any other
documents or credit instruments of the State or the municipality and other institutions
subject to its supervision;

s) Issue opinions or rulings on matters within its competence that are requested by State
Agencies or entities subject to oversight,
t) Assist the Public Prosecutor in the investigation of crimes against public finances;

u) Promote a program for digitizing documents and files of entities subject to oversight;

v) Inform, publicize, disseminate and educate about the content of this Law; and,
w) Any other powers delegated to it by this and other laws.

SAT

The Government of Guatemala, through the Ministry of Public Finance, began a series of
actions in early 1997 aimed at transforming and strengthening the country's tax system.
These actions included the creation of the Superintendency of Tax Administration (SAT),
with the purpose of modernizing tax administration and fulfilling the fiscal commitments
contained in the Peace Accords and the Public Sector Modernization Program.

The project to create and put into operation the SAT began in September 1997 with the
integration of a work team responsible for its administration. The general objective of the
project was to create, design and put into operation an autonomous and decentralized
institution, modern, efficient and effective, that would take charge of tax and customs
administration, and that would be capable of increasing tax revenues in a sustained, honest
and transparent manner. The creation of the SAT was approved by the Congress of the
Republic, according to Decree Number 1-98, which came into force on February 21, 1998.

The Superintendency of Tax Administration is a decentralized state entity, with competence

and jurisdiction throughout the national territory, to exclusively exercise the functions of
tax administration, contained in the legislation. The Institution enjoys functional, economic,
financial, technical and administrative autonomy and has its own legal personality, assets
and resources.
PURPOSE OF SAT

The purpose of the SAT is to organize and execute the administration, inspection and
collection of all tax and non-tax revenues of the Metropolitan Municipality of Guatemala.
Property tax, vehicle tax, excise taxes, etc.

Its purpose is to ensure the rule of law, justice and rights, strengthen the country's
democratic institutions and promote a policy of promotion and protection of human rights.
Resocialization of the inmate in society.
 Literature

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos72/contibilidad-gubernamental/contibilidad-
gubernamental.shtml

http://robles.mayo.uson.mx/PaqueteBasicoTAO/Bolet%C3%ADn%20T%C3%A9cnico
%20de%20Contabilidad%20Gobernamental-fundamentos%20j.htm

http://www.contraloria.gob.gt/

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contralor%C3%ADa_General_de_Cuentas_de_la_Rep
%C3%BAblica_de_Guatemala

http://portal.sat.gob.gt/sitio/index.php/institucion/que-es-la-sat.html