Solution

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Class 12 - Mathematics

1.
1
(d)
x
Explanation:
1

2.
−−−−−
(c) 2sin-1 y = x√1 − x + sin-1 x + C 2

Explanation:
−−−−−
2sin-1 y = x√1 − x + sin-1 x + C 2

3. (a) Both (i) and (ii)

Explanation:
Both (i) and (ii)
4.
(c) sec x + tan x
Explanation:
We have,
dy

dx
+ ysec x = tan x
dy
Comparing with dx
+ Py = Q
P = sec x, Q = tan x
I. F . = e ∫ sec xdx
= e
log(sec x+tan x)
= sec x + tan x

5.
(d) (1 + sin x)(1 + cos y) = C
Explanation:
Given cos x (1+cos y) dx – sin y (1+sin x) dy = 0
Let 1 + cos y = t and 1 + sin x = u
On differentiating both equations, we obtain
-sin y dy = dt and cos x dx = du
Put this in the first equation
t du + u dt = 0
du dt
− =
u t

-log u = log t + C
log u + log t = C
log ut = C
ut = C
(1 + sin x)(1 + cos y) = C

6.
2
(c) (x + 4) = y + 3

Explanation:
dy y+3
Given that dx
= 2
x+4

dy 2dx
=
y+3 x+4

dy 2dx
∫ = ∫
y+3 x+4

1 / 11
 log|y + 3| = 2log|x + 4| + logc

Here, x= -2 and y = 1
log|1 + 3| = 2log| − 2 + 4| + logc

log4 = log4 + logc

logc = 0

log |y + 3| = 2log|x + 4|

2
y + 3 = (x + 4)

7.
(b) tan-1 y + tan-1 x = tan-1 C
Explanation:
we have,
dy
2 2
(1 + x ) + 1 + y = 0
dx
dy
2 2
(1 + x ) = − (1 + y )
dx
dy dx
= −
2 2
1+y 1+x

dy dx
∫ = −∫
2 2
1+y 1+x

tan-1 y = -tan-1 x + tan-1 C

tan-1 y + tan-1 x = tan-1 C

8.
(c) 3
Explanation:
y = Ax + A3
Let us find the differential equation representing it so we have to eliminate the constant A
Differentiate with respect to x
dy
⇒ = A
dx

Put back value of A in y

3
dy dy
⇒ y= x+ ( )
dx dx

Now for the degree to exist the differential equation must be a polynomial in some differentials
2 n
dy d y d y
Here differentials mean dx
or 2
or .... dx
n
dx
dy
The given differential equation is polynomial in differentials dx

The degree of a differential equation is defined as the highest integer power of highest order derivative in the equation
dy
The highest derivative is dx
and highest power to it is 3
Hence degree is 3.

9.
y
(c) cos( x
)= log|ex|

Explanation:
Let y = vx
dy dv
= v + x
dx dx

Question becomes v + x dv

dx
= v − cosecv

dv
x = −cosecv
dx
dx
− ∫ sinvdv = ∫
x

cosv = logx + logc

y
cos( ) = logx + logc
x

when x = 1 and y = 0
0
cos(
1
) = log1 + logc { log c =1 }
c = e

2 / 11
 y
cos( ) = logx + loge
x
y
cos( ) = log|ex|
x

10.
(c) xy = c
Explanation:
From the given equation, we get log x + log y = log c giving xy = c.

11. (a) x3 + y3 = 12x + C

Explanation:
We have ,
dy
2 2
x + y = 4
dx
dy
2 2
y = 4 − x
dx

2 2
y dy = (4 − x ) dx

2 2
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ (4 − x ) dx
3 3
y
⇒
3
= 4x −
x

3
+C
⇒ y3 + 12x - x3 + C
⇒ x3 + y3 = 12x + C
12.
(b) homogeneous differential equation
Explanation:
dy y
The differential equation of the form dx
= f( x
) or dx

dy
= g( x

y
) is called a homogeneous differential equation.

13.
(b) x = νy
Explanation:
dy
A homogeneous equation of the form dx
= h(
x

y
) can be solved by making the substitution x= vy.so that it becomes variable
separable form and integration is then possible

14.
2

(b) log(1 + y) = x − x

2
+ C

Explanation:
dy
Here, dx
= 1 − x + y − xy

dy
= 1 − x + y(1 − x)
dx
dy
= (1 + y)(1 − x)
dx
dy
= (1 − x)dx
1+y

On integrating on both sides, we obtain

2
x
log(1 + y) = x − + c
2

15.
(c) Both (i) and (ii)
Explanation:
dy
i. We have, dx
= f(x) + x ⇒ dy = [f(x) + x]dx
On integrating both sides, we get
2

∫ dy = ∫ [f (x) + x] dx ⇒ y = ∫ f (x) dx + x

2
+C
2

Let g(x) = ∫ f (x) dx + x

Thus, general solution is of the form y = g (x) + C

3 / 11
 2
dy
ii. Consider the given differential equation ( dx
) = f(x)
dy
Clearly, the highest order derivative occurring in the differential equation is dx
and its highest power is 2.
iii. Also, given equation is polynomial in the derivative. So the degree of a differential equation is 2.

2
x
16. (a) y = 16
(4 log|x| − 1) + C x
−2

Explanation:
dy 2
+ y = xlogx
dx x
2dx 2dx
∫ ∫
ye x = ∫ e x xlogx + C

2 3
yx = ∫ x logxdx + c

2 3 3 d
yx = logx ∫ x dx − ∫ ∫ x dx logx + c
dx
4 3
2 x x
yx = logx − ∫ dx + c
4 4
4 4
2 x x
yx = logx − + c
4 16
2 2
x x −2
y = logx − + cx
4 16
2
x −2
y = (4logx − 1) + cx
16

17.
(b) y sec x = tan x + c
Explanation:
dy
We have, dx
+ y tan x = sec x
which is a linear differential equation
Here, P = tan x, Q = sec x,
∴ I.F = e
∫ tan xdx log sec x
= e = sec x

∴ The general solution is

y sec x = ∫ sec x ⋅ sec x + C
⇒ y sec x = ∫ sec xdx + C
2

⇒ y sec x = tan x + C

18.
(c) xy = C
Explanation:
xy = C

19.
y
(c) tan −1
(
x
) = log x + C

Explanation:
We have,
2 2
dy x +xy+ y
=
dx 2
x
2
dy y y

dx
= 1 +
x
+
2
...(i)
x

Let y = vx
dy dv
= v + x
dx dx

1 + v + v
2
= v + x
dv

dx
....from(i)
2 dv
1 + v = x
dx
dx dv
=
x 2
1+v
dx dv
∫ = ∫
x 2
1+v

log |x| = tan-1x +c

20.
(b) 1, 4

4 / 11
 Explanation:
Given, y = cx + c2 -3c3/2 + 2 ...(i)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= C ...(ii)
dx

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have

2 3/2
dy dy dy
y= dx
× x+( dx
) - 3( dx
) +2
2 3/2
dy dy dy
⇒ y-x dx
− (
dx
) - 2 = -3( dx
)

2
2 3
dy dy dy
⇒ [y − x (
dx
) − (
dx
) − 2] = 9( dx
)

Hence, order is 1 and degree is 4.

21.
(c) 2
Explanation:
2
d y dy
It is given that equation is 2x 2

2
− 3
dx
+ y = 0
dx
2
d y
We can see that the highest order derivative present in the given differential equation is
dx2

Thus, its order is two.

−2x
1−e
22. (a) y = 2

Explanation:
Given differential equation,
dy

dx
+ 2y = 1
dy
On comparing with dx
+ Py = Q, we get P = 2 and Q = 1
Now, IF = e =e = e2x ∫ P dx ∫ 2dx

Then, complete solution

y IF = ∫ Q(IF) dx + C = ∫ 1 ⋅ e 2x
dx + C
⇒
y e2x = 1

2 e2x +C
+ C e-2x ...(i)
1
⇒ y= 2

Now, at x = 0 ⇒ y = 0
From Eq. (i),
0= 1

2
+ C e0 ⇒ 1

2
+C=0⇒C=− 1

∴ Required solution is y = 1

2
−
1

2
⋅ e
−2x

−2x
1−e
∴ y= 2

2
2 d y dy
23. (a) y − x + y =0
dx
2
dx

Explanation:
2
2 d y dy
y − x + y =0
dx
2
dx

24.
(d) tany = C (e x
− 1)

Explanation:
x x 2
e tanydx = (e − 1)sec ydy

x 2
e dx se c ydy
∫ x
= ∫
e −1 tany

x
log |e − 1| + logc = log|tany|

x
log|c(e − 1)| = log|tany|

c(e
x
.
− 1) = tany

Which is the required solution.

5 / 11
25.
(c) 2
Explanation:
2

26.
(c) y = -e-x + C
Explanation:
Given differential equation is
dy dy
log( dx
) + x = 0 ⇒ log( dx
) = -x

= e-x ⇒ ∫
dy
−x
⇒ dy = ∫ e ⋅ dx
dx

On integrating both sides, we get y

y = -e-x + C
which is the required general solution.

27. (a) not defined

Explanation:
In general terms for a polynomial the degree is the highest power.
Degree of differential equation is defined as the highest integer power of highest order derivative in the equation
2 2 2
d y dy dy
Here the differential equation is ( ) + ( ) = x sin( )
dx2 dx dx

Now for degree to exist the given differential equation must be a polynomial in some differentials.
2 n
dy d y d y
Here differentials mean dx
or 2
or .... dx
n
dx
dy
The given differential equation is not polynomial because of the term sin dx
and hence degree of such a differential equation is
not defined.
28.
(c) one
Explanation:
dy y+1
We have, dx
=
x−1

dy dx
⇒ =
y+1 x−1

On integrating both sides, we get

log (y + 1) = log (x - 1) - log C
C(y + 1) = (x - 1)
x−1
⇒ C =
y+1

Given when x = 1 and y = 2

⇒ C=0
So, the require solution is x - 1 = 0
Hence, only one solution exists.

29.
(b) x = Cy
Explanation:
x = Cy

30.
2
x
(b) y = 2 log x + 2
+ C
Explanation:
2
x
y = 2 log x + 2
+ C

6 / 11
 y
31. (a) tan −1

x
= log x + C

Explanation:
dy
We have, x 2

dx
= x
2
+ xy + y
2

2
dy y y
= 1 + +
dx x x2

Let y = vx
dy dv
= v + x
dx dx

2 dv
1 + v + v = v + x
dx

2 dv
1 + v = x
dx
dx dv
=
x v2 +1

On integrating on both sides, we obtain

log x = tan-1v + C
y
−1
tan = log x + c
x

−−−−−−
32. (a) y + √x + y 2 2
= Cx
2

Explanation:
2 2
√x + y +y
dy
=
dx x

dy
Put y=vx, we have ; dx
= v + x
dv

dx
dv
−−−−− 1 1
2
⇒ v + x = √1 + v + v ⇒ ∫ dv = ∫ dx
dx x
√1+v2
−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
⇒ log |√1 + v + v| = log |x| + log C ⇒ |√1 + v + v| = C x
−−−−−− 2 2 4
2 2
⇒ (y + √x + y ) = C x
−−−−−− 2
2 2
⇒ (y + √x + y ) = C x

33.
(c) one
Explanation:
one

34.
(d) 4xy = y4 + C
Explanation:
Consider the given differential equation, dx

dy
+
x

y
= y2

On comparing with linear differential equation of the form dx

dy
+ Px = Q. Here, P = 1

y
and Q = y2
1

∴ IF = e ∫ P dy
=e ∫
y
dy
=e∫ ln(y)
=y
Now, the solution of given differential equation is
xy = ∫ (y ⋅ y ) dy + C1 ⇒ xy = ∫ y dy + C1
2 3

+ C1 ⇒ 4xy = y4 + C,
y
⇒ xy = 4

where C = 4C1

35.
(c) 3
Explanation:
3
4 3 2
d y 5 d y d y dy
Given differential equation is ( 4
) − 5(
3
) + 6(
2
) −3 (
dx
) +5=0
dx dx dx

Since the highest exponent of the highest derivative is called the degree of a differential equation provided exponent of each
derivative and the unknown variable appearing in the differential equation is a non-negative integer.
3
4 3 2
d y 5 d y d y dy
∴ (
4
) = 5( 3
) −6 (
2
) +8 (
dx
) -5
dx dx dx

4 3
d y
⇒ ( )
4
dx

7 / 11
 3 2 5
d y d y dy
= {5 ( 3
) − 6(
2
) + 8(
dx
) − 5}
dx dx

∴ Required degree = 3

36.
(c) sec x
Explanation:
dy
We have, cos x dx
+ y sin x = 1
dy
⇒
dx
+ y tan x = sec x
This is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with dx
+ Py = Q, we get
P = tan x and Q = sec x
= e-log cos x = e
−1 −1

I.F = e ∫ P dx
= e
∫ tanxdx log (cosx)
= (cosx) = 1

cosx
= sec x

37. (a) (2, 3

2
)
Explanation:
The pairs (2, 3

2
) is not feasible. Because the degree of any differential equation cannot be rational type. If so, then we use
rationalization and convert it into an integer.
38.
(b) sec x
Explanation:
Given that,
dy
cos x dx
+ y sin x = 1
dy
⇒
dx
+ y tan x = sec x
Here, P = tan x and Q = sec x
IF = e ∫ P dx

=e ∫ tan xdx

=e ln sec x

∴ IF = sec x

39. (a) z = y1 - n
Explanation:
We have,
dy
n
+ P y = Qy
dx
dy
−n 1−n
⇒ y + Py = Q
dx
dy
−n 1−n
⇒ y + Py = Q
dx

Let y1-n = v
dv dy
⇒ = (1 − n)v
dx dx
1 dv
⇒ + Pv = Q
1−n dx
dv
⇒ + P v(1 − n) = Q(1 − n)
dx

which is linear form.

z = y 1 − n) can be reduced to linear form.
(

40.
(d) u = (log z)-1
Explanation:
We have ,
dz z z 2
+ log z = (log z)
dx x 2
x
dz

dx
=
z

2
(log z)
2
−
z

x
log z ....(i)
x

Put v = (logz)-1

8 / 11
 dv −1 1 dz
=
dx 2 z dx
(log z)

dz 2 dv

dx
= −z(log z)
dx
....(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2 dv z 2 z
−z(log z) = (log z) − log z
dx x2 x

dv 1 1
(log z) = − (log z) +
dx 2 x
x
dv 1 u
= − +
dx x2 x

dv u 1
− = −
dx x 2
x

P(x) = −1

x
, q (x) = −1

2
x

Given differential equation can be reduced.

using v = (log z)-1

41.
(d) y = 1

5
(2 sin x − cos x) + C e
−2x

Explanation:
dy
+ 2y = sin x ⇒ P = 2, Q = sin x
dx

∫ 2dx 2x
⇒ I. F . = e = e

2x 2x 2x
⇒ ye = ∫ sin x. e dx ⇒y e

2x 1
= e (2 sin x − cos x) + C
5
1 −2x
⇒ y = (2 sin x − cos x) + C e
5

42.
(d) y = Cx
Explanation:
Consider the given differential equation,
ydx−xdy v⋅du−u⋅dv
= 0 ⇒ d( x

y
) = 0 [∵ d ( u

v
)= ]
y2 v2

On integrating both side, we get

⇒ ∫ d(
x

y
) = C1 ⇒ x

y
= C1 ⇒ y = Cx, where C = 1

C1

43. (a) xe ∫ P1 dy
= ∫ (Q e
1
∫ P1 dy
) dy + C

Explanation:
The integrating factor of the given differential equation
dx
+ P x = Q is e
∫ P1 dy
1 1
dy

Thus, the general solution of the differential equation is given by,

x(I. F.) = ∫ (Q1 × I. F.)dy + C

∫ P1 dy ∫ P1 dy
⇒ x. e = ∫ (Q1 e ) dy + C

44.
(d) 5
Explanation:
Here we see that, there seem to be 3 constants in the term (c 3
x+c5
+ c4 ) a , which actually is a single constant. So, c3, c4, and
c5 are combined to give a single constant.
So, in totality there are 5 constants. Hence, the order of the equation is 5.

45.
(b) straight line passing through origin
Explanation:
We have
xdy - ydx = 0
⇒ xdy = ydx

9 / 11
 dy dx
⇒ =
y x

On integrating both sides, we get

log y = log x + log C
⇒ log y = log Cx

⇒ y = Cx

This is a straight line passing through origin.

46.
(c) 0
Explanation:
0

47. (a) y = (tan x − 1) + C e − tan x

Explanation:
dy
2 2 2 2
+ sec x. y = tan x. sec x ⇒ P = sec x, Q = tan x. sec x
dx
2
∫ sec xdx tan x
⇒ I. F . = e = e

tan x 2 tan x tan x tan x

⇒ y. e = ∫ tan xsec xe dx ⇒ y. e = (tan x − 1)e + C

− tan x
⇒ y = (tan x − 1) + C e

48.
y
(d) ϕ ( x
) = kx

Explanation:
We have,
y
ϕ( )
dy y x

dx
=
x
+
′
y
....(i)
ϕ ( )
x

y
Put v = x

dv dy
⇒ x + v =
dx dx

ϕ(v)
⇒ x
dv

dx
+ v = v +
′
.. from (i)
ϕ (v)

ϕ(v)
dv
⇒ x =
dx ′
ϕ (v)
′
ϕ (v) dx
⇒ dv =
ϕ(v) x

′
ϕ (v) dx
⇒ ∫ dv = ∫
ϕ(v) x

⇒ log ϕ(v) = log |x|+log k

y
⇒ log ϕ ( ) - log |x| = log k
x
y
ϕ( )
x
⇒ log[ ] = log k
x

y
⇒ ϕ( ) = kx
x

49.
(c) y’ = h(x)g(y)
Explanation:
y’ = h(x)g(y) since we can segregate functions of y with dy and x with dx.
dy dy

dx
= h(x)g(y) and = h(x)dx
g(y)

50. (a) y = sec x

Explanation:
The given differential equation of the curve is,
dy
dy = y tan x dx ⇒ ∫ y
= ∫ tan x ⋅ dx [on integrating]
⇒ log y = log sec x + log C ⇒ log y = log C sec x
⇒ y = C sec x ...(i)

10 / 11
Since, the curve passes through the origin (0, 1), then
1 = C sec 0 ⇒ C = 1
∴ Required equation of curve is, y = sec x

11 / 11