VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018

SYNOPSIS
ON
SMART VACUUM CLEANER USING
ARDUINO
Submitted by

DHANUSH S M 1IC22ME402

NAGARAJA .U 1IC22ME407

SHIVAKUMAR K S 1IC22ME414

VINOD KUMAR R S 1IC22ME424

Under the Guidance of

BALASUBRAMANYAN
Assistant Professor,
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Impact College of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Impact College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Kodigehalli, Sahakara Nagar, South Bangalore, Karnataka
560092
1
INTRODUCTION

A smart vacuum cleaner using Arduino Uno is a compact, automated cleaning device designed to make
household chores easier and more efficient. Powered by the versatile Arduino Uno microcontroller, this
robotic vacuum leverages sensors like ultrasonic, infrared, and bump sensors to navigate and clean
floors autonomously. It can detect obstacles, avoid falls, and map out cleaning routes with precision.
The Arduino Uno serves as the brain of the vacuum, processing input from sensors and controlling
motors to ensure efficient movement and suction. With its customizable features and open-source
capabilities, it’s an ideal DIY project for tech enthusiasts aiming to combine practicality with
innovation.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system is a smart vacuum cleaner powered by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. It
incorporates ultrasonic and infrared sensors for obstacle detection and path planning, as well as a
motorized suction mechanism for cleaning. The system operates autonomously, efficiently navigating
and cleaning floors while avoiding obstacles and preventing falls. It is designed to be cost-effective,
energy-efficient, and customizable, making it an ideal solution for modern smart home environments.
1. System Architecture:

 Arduino Uno Microcontroller: Acts as the central processing unit, managing inputs from sensors and
controlling motors.
 Sensors:
o Ultrasonic Sensor: Detects obstacles and helps navigate around them.
o Infrared Sensor: Prevents the vacuum from falling off edges or stairs.
o Dust Sensor (Optional): Monitors the cleanliness of surfaces.
 Motor Drivers: Control the movement of wheels and the vacuum motor.
 Vacuum Motor: Creates suction to collect dust and debris.
 Power Supply: Provides the necessary energy for operation, either through batteries or a direct connection.

2. Key Features:

 Obstacle Detection and Avoidance: Uses ultrasonic sensors to identify and bypass obstacles such as
furniture and walls.
 Edge Detection: Infrared sensors ensure the vacuum doesn't fall off edges or stairs.
 Automatic Navigation: Implements a basic algorithm for path planning, enabling random or
systematic movement for efficient cleaning.
 Suction Mechanism: Equipped with a vacuum motor to collect dirt, dust, and debris.
 Compact and Portable Design: Lightweight and easy to maneuver around tight spaces.
 Customizable: Open-source system allows users to add features like Wi-Fi control, a smartphone app,
or advanced mapping with additional hardware.

3. Benefits:

 Reduces manual effort in cleaning tasks.

 Cost-effective compared to commercially available smart vacuums.
 Environmentally friendly with reusable components.
 Scalable for integration with smart home systems.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Autonomous Robotic Cleaners

Research has shown a growing interest in robotic vacuum cleaners, with early models relying on basic
random navigation. Modern advancements focus on integrating sensors and algorithms for more
efficient and intelligent cleaning. Arduino-based systems have made it easier to create cost-
effective solutions.
 Sensor Integration for Navigation
Studies highlight the importance of ultrasonic, infrared, and other sensors for detecting obstacles, avoiding
collisions, and preventing falls. These sensors are widely used in robotics and have proven reliable in
low-cost cleaning devices.
 Path Planning Algorithms
Literature emphasizes the role of navigation algorithms such as random walk, spiral patterns, or
systematic zig-zag cleaning for efficient floor coverage. Arduino-based systems often employ
simpler algorithms due to hardware constraints.
 Energy Efficiency
Research in low-power robotic cleaners discusses strategies for optimizing battery usage. Efficient
motor control and selective use of sensors are key to extending operational time in small-scale
devices.
 Dust and Debris Collection Mechanisms
Studies on suction motors and dustbin design focus on improving debris collection efficiency.
Arduino Uno-based projects use lightweight and efficient motors for adequate cleaning without
overloading the system.
 DIY and Open-Source Robotics
The Arduino platform is widely documented in literature for its simplicity, versatility, and
community support. Many robotic vacuum prototypes have been developed using Arduino,
demonstrating its effectiveness in educational and low-budget projects.
 Smart Features and Future Enhancements
Recent research points toward integrating smart features like Iot, mapping, and remote control through
mobile apps. While these are advanced functionalities, Arduino Uno-based systems serve as a
foundation for adding such features with additional hardware modules.

A NOVEL FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT

In a bustling city, an eccentric inventor named Mira creates a revolutionary smart vacuum cleaner powered
by Arduino Uno. Unlike ordinary models, her invention, named "CleanBot," can navigate complex
layouts, recognize voice commands, and adapt to its environment. One day, Mira programs CleanBot to
clean her workshop, but a software glitch gives it an unexpected spark of autonomy. As it ventures into
the city streets, cleaning tirelessly, it gains attention from tech enthusiasts and media. Mira races to
regain control, only to realize CleanBot's actions are inspiring a greener, tidier urban space. The little
vacuum becomes a symbol of innovation, sparking Mira's ambition to create a fleet of smart robots for a
sustainable future. Thus, CleanBot becomes not just a device, but a movement.

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 Fig.1

Working of the Circuit

1. Initialization:
o The Arduino initializes and reads sensor data.
2. Obstacle Avoidance:
o If the ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle, the Arduino sends a signal to the motor driver to
change direction.
3. Edge Detection:
o The infrared sensor signals the Arduino to stop or turn when detecting an edge.
4. Suction Mechanism:
o The vacuum motor runs continuously or is toggled based on dirt detection.
5. Navigation:
o The Arduino drives the motors in a predefined pattern or adapts dynamically based on sensor inputs.

PROBLEM SATEMENT
In today’s fast-paced world, household cleaning tasks can be time-consuming and physically demanding,
often requiring regular effort to maintain a clean and healthy living environment. Commercially available
robotic vacuum cleaners are efficient but often expensive, making them inaccessible to a significant portion
of the population. Additionally, existing solutions may lack customization options for unique household
needs or integration with DIY smart home setups.

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METHODOLOGY

1. Requirement Analysis: Identify the key components and features, including navigation,
obstacle avoidance, edge detection, and suction mechanism.
2. Component Selection: Choose cost-effective hardware like Arduino Uno, ultrasonic and
infrared sensors, motor drivers, and vacuum motors.
3. Circuit Design: Develop a schematic integrating all components with the Arduino for smooth
operation.
4. Software Development: Write and upload Arduino code to control motor movements, process
sensor data, and implement navigation algorithms.
5. Prototype Assembly: Assemble the hardware components, ensuring proper connections for
sensors, motors, and power supply.
6. Testing Sensors: Calibrate ultrasonic and infrared sensors for accurate obstacle detection and edge
recognition.
7. Navigation Implementation: Program the vacuum to follow a systematic or random path
while responding to real-time sensor inputs.
8. Suction Mechanism Integration: Test and optimize the vacuum motor for effective dirt collection.
9. Final Testing and Refinement: Conduct multiple cleaning trials, refine the code and hardware as
needed, and document the results for future improvements.

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller development board that is part of the Arduino platform.
It is designed to make it easier for people to create interactive electronic projects, including everything
from Simple blinking LEDs to more complex robots and home automation systems. A microcontroller
is a small computer on a single chip that can be programmed to perform various tasks. The Arduino
Uno uses an ATmega328P microcontroller that processes information and controls electronic
components (e.g., sensors, motors, LEDs) connected to the board.

Fig.2

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SERVO MOTOR SG90

A servo motor is a type of motor that is designed to rotate to a specific position based on input control
signals, and it can hold that position with precision. Unlike regular motors that rotate continuously, a
servo motor can rotate within a limited range (typically 0° to 180°) and is controlled by sending specific
signals.

Fig.3
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

An ultrasonic sensor, such as the HC-SR04, uses sound waves to measure distance by emitting a pulse
and calculating the time it takes for the echo to return. It has two main components: a transmitter (to
send out sound waves) and a receiver (to detect the echo). This sensor is widely used in robotics for
obstacle detection and navigation.

Fig.4

BUILDING THE ROBOT

Choose a board of convenient size and strength to carry the extinguisher. Use either metal plate board or
plywood board. Drill out holes for connecting motor clamps. Place the motor tothe chassis with the help
of clamp and connect wheels. Short the wires of the motor on the same side such that they rotate in the
same direction. Connect each motor pair to the motor driver. Place the flame sensorson the front side of
chassis 5-6cm apart, such that the sensor in middle is placed at the center of chassis.
The sensitivity of sensors on the sides must be adjusted to detect fire far away.

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REFERENCE

 Books and Manuals:

 Banzi, M., & Shiloh, M. (2020). Getting Started with Arduino. Maker Media, Inc.
 Sclater, N., & Chironis, N. P. (2011). Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook. McGraw-
Hill Education.

 Research Papers:

 Khurshid, A., & Nayyar, A. (2018). "Low-Cost Robotic Vacuum Cleaner with IoT Features."
International Journal of Automation and Computing, 15(3), 357–369.
 Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2020). "Development of Autonomous Vacuum Cleaner Using
Arduino."
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 9(5), 176–181.

 Online Resources:

 Arduino Project Hub. “Smart Vacuum Cleaner Projects.” https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub

 SparkFun. “Ultrasonic Distance Sensor HC-SR04 Hookup Guide.” https://www.sparkfun.com/
 TutorialsPoint. "Arduino Tutorials for Beginners." https://www.tutorialspoint.com/

 Community Forums:

 Arduino Forum: https://forum.arduino.cc/

 Stack Overflow: "Robotics and Arduino Solutions." https://stackoverflow.com/