Extract 1

1- Brutus is at the forum (public meeting place) at rome.

2- Extremely important. He is convinced that he killed his good friend Julius Caesar only for the
honour and welfare of Rome not for any personal gain. People loved Caesar and will now
turn against Brutus.
3- His cause was welfare of Rome and safeguard its honour curbing Caesar’s rising tyranny. He
believed in his motives and was genuinely sincere. Brutus did not stand to gain anything
personally by killing Caesar.
4- At the beginning, the crowds seems agitated and demands to be satisfied with reasons for
Julius Caesar’s assassination. Brutus convinces them of the nobility of his deed and they
favour Brutus saying “Live, Brutus! , Brutus! , Live! , Live! “. They wish to crown him and
erect his statue. The scene ends with the mob turning righteous – pulling down seats,
windows everything. This change was a result of Mark Antony’s speech.
5- Judge one with your intelligence. The citizens of Rome. They were influenced by his funeral
speech for Julius Caesar and honoured him highly later, this reverence towards Brutus
changes to hatred after Mark Antony’s oration.

Extract 2

1- Brutus had earlier permitted Mark Antony to address the crowd, on the condition that
Brutus would speak first. The listeners are left behind to listen to Mark Antony. His trust
in Antony who manages to turn the tides with his powerful words , inciting the people
against Brutus and other conspirators.
2- Honour the dead body of Julius Caesar and respect the funeral speech by Mark Antony.
(b) Let not a single man leave this place.

3- Brutus showed Caesar as a tyrant and his death would be for the betterment of Rome
where they can live as free citizens. He appeals to their sense of patriotism.
4- Brutus. (i) Mark Antony would address the public after Brutus has spoken to them (ii)
Antony would not speak ill of the conspirators.

5- Caesar had won many wars and had brought back captives to Rome and had filled the
public treasury. This was to show that Caesar was not ambitious(as Brutus had stated
earlier) but worked for the welfare of Rome and her glory.

Extract 3
 1- Anti-Caesar as they believed him to be tyrant. In favour of Brutus wanting to hear him
and crown(make him king). They will hear Antony because Brutus had told them to do so.

2- At the behest of Brutus. Antony begins his speech by praising the conspirators
honourable men.

3- (i) His ambition. Caesar brought laurels to Rome through conquests(captives and wealth)
in general coffers( state treasury) (ii) In his will, Julius Caesar had given every citizen of
Rome “ 75 drachmas” (silver coins).

4- The conspirators had put up the condition to allow Mark Antony to address the public
that he would not say anything against them. He cannot be frank in his remarks because
he fears the conspirators would kill him too. Hence he does not wish to antagonize them.

5- Antony is admired for his oratory skills. Without criticizing the conspirators directly, he
appeals to the emotions of the Roman citizens showing them the cruel wounds on
Caesar’s body and stating how he had selflessly willed every citizen 75 Drachmas.

Extract 4

1- Julius Caesar’s will. Citizens of Rome are referred to as the commons. It would reveal how
Caesar was not ambitious or selfish as it would inflame the crowd and make them mad to
know that they were Caesar’s heirs.

2- It means leaving something very precious as a legacy to one’s children to be handed down to
the generations.

3- “To mention it within their wills when they die, and bequeathing it as a rich legacy into their
issues.”

4- Julius Caesar’s mantle(cloak). Antony describes Caesar wearing the same mantle as he wore
the day “ he overcame the Nervii.” Now it is blooded with several stabs and Caesar lies dead
“In his mantle muffling(covering) up his face.”

5- Antony appealed to the citizens of Rome and made a show of the corpse of Julius Caesar in
his bloodied mantle. He revealed contents of Caesar’s will proving that Caesar was not
ambitious as he had bequeathed 75 Drachmas to every single citizen. The people who
wanted to crown Brutus now want to kill him.

Extract 5

1- They are the open gaping wounds on Caesar’s dead body, resembling open mouths, but they
cannot speak to express pain or cruelty suffered by them. If Brutus were Antony, he would
have spoken in such a powerful manner that even these wounds would be incited to speak
up and express pain or stir a civil strife.
2- Antony says “Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up to such a sudden flood of
mutiny” as he is “ no orator, as Brutus is”. He says that if Brutus as spoken to them as
Antony, they would feel enraged. The irony is that with his words he is inciting the mob to
rebel against the conspirators.

3- The mob is enraged and plan to mutiny. They wish to avenge Caesar’s death by burning the
house of Brutus and seeking the conspirators to punish them all.

4- Caesar’s house. Octavius and Lepidus. Brutus and Cassius have fled the city hurriedly, they
fled like mad men through the gates of Rome.

5- Refer to(Oratorical devices) by Antony on page 132.