DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

(EL-3031)
LABORATORY MANUAL

Discrete-Time Systems
(LAB # 03)
Student Name: ______________________________________________

Roll No: ________________ Section: ____

Date performed: _____________, 2023

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Muhammad Asim

Last Edited by: Engr. Muhammad Asim, Feb 02, 2016
Verified by: Dr. Shahzad Saleem, Dr. Farhan Khalid Updated: Spring 2023
DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
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Lab # 03: Discrete Time Systems
Learning Objectives
A. Introduction
B. Linear Convolution methods
C. Moving Average Filter:
D. Computing Impulse response
E. Illustration of Filtering Concept
Equipment Required
1. PC
2. MATLAB

1. Introduction
Mathematically, a discrete-time system is described as an operator T[.] that takes a sequence
x(n) called excitation and transforms it into another sequence y(n) (called response). Discrete
time systems can be classified into two categories
i) LTI systems ii) NON-LTI systems.
A discrete system T[.] is a linear operator L[.] if and only if L[.] satisfies the principle of
superposition, namely
L[a1x1(n) + a2x2(n)] = a1L[x1(n)] + a2Lx2(n)] and
A discrete system is time-invariant if Shifting the input only causes the same shift in the
output. A system is said to be bounded-input bounded-output(BIBO) stable if every bounded
input produces a bounded output.

An LTI system is BIBO stable if and only if its impulse response is absolutely summable.

A system is said to be causal if the ouput at index n0 depends only on the input up to and
including the index n0; that is output does not depend on the future values of the input. An LTI
system is causal if and only if the impulse response is

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DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Linear Convolution methods

Convolution is a formal mathematical operation, just as multiplication, addition, and integration.
Addition takes two numbers and produces a third number, while convolution takes two signals and
produces a third signal. It has many applications in numerous areas of signal processing. The most
popular application is the determination of the output signal of a linear time-invariant system by
convolving the input signal with the impulse response of the system.

The linear convolution of two discrete-time signals x(n) and h(n) is defined by

In matlab, there are basically three built in commands to compute the convolution which are
1) “filter” 2) “conv” 3) “toeplitz”
We can also write our manual code to compute the convolution of two discrete time signals.
Task 01:

1) Generate the following two sequences.

1, 0 n 5
x[n]=
0, otherwise

(1/2)^n, 0 n  6
h[n]=
0, otherwise
2) Find y[n] using the “conv” command and plot input and output sequences and label
them properly.
Task 02:
Find y[n] using the “filter” command and plot input and output sequences and label them
properly.
Task 03:
1) Find y[n] using the “toeplitz” command and plot input and output sequences and label
them properly.
2) Which of the above method is preferable?

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DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Moving Average Filter

M-point Moving average filter is defined by following equation
M −1
1
y [ n]=
M
∑ x [n−k ]
k=0

The above given filter is LTI causal system.

Task 04:
1) Generate a sinusoidal signal x[n] which should be combination/sum of a low and high
frequency i.e. low frequency=0.05and high frequency=0.47. 0 ≤ n ≤100
2) Implement moving average filter with M=2,4,10 on the above generated signal.
Hint: You can use “filter” command.
3) Display input and output signals and properly label the plots.
4) Which component of the input x[n] is suppressed by the discrete-time system
simulated by this program?

4. Computing Impulse Response

In signal processing, the impulse response, or impulse responsefunction (IRF), of a
dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called
an impulse.We have a built in command in matlab to compute the impulse response i.e.
“impz”. We can compute manually the impulse response when given system input-output
relation equation is non-recursive. For example the impulse response of following system
equation

y [ n ] =0.5 x [ n ] +2 x [ n−1 ] + x [ n−3 ] + 3 x [n−4 ]

is given by

h [ n ] ={0.5 , 2, 0 , 1 ,3 }
Task 05:
1) Compute the impulse response of the system whose input-output relation is given by

y[n]−0.4 y[n−1]+0.75 y[n−2] = 2.2403 x[n]+2.4908 x[n−1]+2.2403 x[n−2]

2) Plot the impulse response and label it properly. Use the “impz” command.
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DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Illustration of the Filtering Concept

Task 06:
1) Generate the following sequence

x [ n ] =cos ( 20256πn )+cos ( 200256πn ) , with0 ≤ n<299

2) Compute the outputs of above inputs using two systems
System No. 1
y [ n ] =0.5 x [ n ] + 0.27 x [ n−1 ] +0.77 x [n−2]
System No. 2
y [ n ] =0.45 x [ n ] + 0.5 x [ n−1 ] +0.45 x [ n−2 ] +0.53 y [ n−1 ] −0.46 y [n−2]
3) In this question both filters are lowpass filters butwith different attenuation in the
stopband, especially at the frequencies of the input signal. Which filter has better
characteristics for suppression of the high-frequency component of the input signal
x[n]?

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Page 5 of 7
DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Student's feedback: Purpose of feedback is to know the strengths and weaknesses of the system
for future improvements. This feedback is for the 'current lab session'. Circle your choice:

[-3 = Extremely Poor, -2 = Very Poor, -1 = Poor, 0 = Average, 1 = Good, 2 = Very Good, 3 = Excellent]:
The following table should describe your experience with:
S# Field Rating Describe in words if required
1 Overall Session -
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
2 Lab Instructor -
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
3 Lab Staff -
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
4 Equipment -
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
5 Atmosphere -
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
3

Any other valuable feedback: ______________________________________________________

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Student's Signature: _________________________________

AWARDED

Correctness

Conclusion
Originality
of results

Initiative
Neatness
MARKS

Attitude

TOTAL

TOTAL 10 10 10 20 20 30 100

EARNED

Lab Instructor's Comments:________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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DSP - Lab National University Roll No: __________
03

Lab #
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
(EL3031) Islamabad Spring 2023
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Lab Instructor's Signature: _________________________________

Assessment Rubric
LLO Statement Assessment Exemplary Proficient Developing Beginning Worst
Method (20%) (20%) (20%) (20%) Performance
(20%)
1 Analysis of Practical Skill Able to attempt Able to attempt Able to attempt Able to attempt Able to attempt
discrete-time Observation complete lab with 80% of the lab 60% of the lab 40% of the lab 20% of the lab
signals and during proper tasks tasks tasks tasks
verifying their experimentati labeling/explanatio
properties i.e. on & Lab n of results and
Discrete Fourier Reports proper commenting
Transform of the code
(DFT), Discrete
Time Fourier
Transform
(DTFT) using
MATLAB.

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