WATER LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM

BRANCH : Instrumentation and Control Engineering

SECTION : A
COURSE : Basics of Energy and Environment Engineering

TEAM MEMBERS :
Abhinesh Kumar S (110124003)
Aditeya Natarajan (110124005)
Piyush K (110124079)
Sreyadharshini V (110124123)
Romit Ranjan (110124095)
Monishree Senthil Kumar (110124065)
Muthukumaran S (110124069)
Nitish Mani S (110124073)

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CONTENTS

Abstract 3
Introduction 4
Motivation 5
Block Diagram 6
Methodology 7
Components 9
Material Selection 11
Outcome 14
Advantages and Applications 15
Conclusion 16
References 18

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ABSTRACT

This project demonstrates a smart water level monitoring system

designed to ensure efficient water management and
conservation. Utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller and water
sensor, the system accurately measures water levels in real-time
and transmits the data wirelessly to a mobile application via the
Aurdino IoT platform. The system features real-time alerts for
overflow prevention and tank refilling, promoting resource
efficiency. It is a cost-effective and scalable solution tailored for
domestic and industrial water management needs. By
leveraging IoT technology, this project provides an innovative
approach to addressing water wastage and enhances
sustainable practices.

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INTRODUCTION

Water scarcity and resource mismanagement are pressing

global challenges that require innovative solutions for
sustainable development. Efficient water management systems
play a critical role in addressing these issues by minimizing
wastage and ensuring optimal utilization of resources. This
project introduces an IoT-enabled water level monitoring system
that combines advanced sensing technology with wireless
communication to provide real-time insights into water levels.
The system, built using the ESP32 microcontroller and an
ultrasonic sensor, accurately measures water levels and reports
the data to a user-friendly interface via the Aurdino IoT platform.

The system’s real-time monitoring capabilities enable users to

receive alerts for overflow prevention and timely refilling,
enhancing water conservation efforts. By integrating
cost-effective hardware and scalable design, the solution is
adaptable to various use cases, including domestic, agricultural,
and industrial applications. Furthermore, the project emphasizes
ease of deployment and energy efficiency, making it a practical
and environmentally friendly tool for promoting sustainable
water management practices. This innovation demonstrates how
IoT technology can be harnessed to address critical
environmental challenges while enhancing operational
efficiency.

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MOTIVATION
1. Water is a critical resource, and effective management is
essential, especially in regions like Trichy facing water
scarcity . Our project aims to promote efficient water usage
by monitoring and managing water levels.
2. The primary motivation is to address the common problem
of water tank overflow in NIT Trichy, which leads to
wastage of precious water resources. Our system ensures
accurate monitoring of water levels and sends alerts to
users when the tank reaches a critical level, preventing
unnecessary overflow.
3. By automating the monitoring process, the project reduces
reliance on manual checks and enables precise control
over water usage, ensuring water is conserved effectively.
4. Overflowing tanks result in higher water bills and additional
expenses for energy used in pumping excess water. The
project minimizes these costs by ensuring timely
intervention.
5. Preventing water overflow contributes to sustainability by
reducing the burden on water treatment plants and
conserving energy used in water distribution systems.
6. While the immediate application is in preventing tank
overflow, the system's principles can be extended to
manage water levels in reservoirs, industrial storage tanks,
or agricultural irrigation systems, amplifying its utility.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 METHODOLOGY
Methodology for IoT-Based Water Level Monitoring System

The IoT-based water level monitoring system was created through several
simple steps, focusing on setting up hardware, writing software, and
ensuring cloud connectivity. Here's how it was done:

1. System Design and Hardware Setup

The system was designed by selecting key components and connecting

them:

● AURDINO ESP32 WiFi Module: This small controller handles all

tasks and connects to WiFi.
● HYDROSTATIC LEVEL SENSORS These are submersible sensors used for
measuring the level of liquids (including corrosive liquids) in deep tanks or water in
reservoirs.
● Power Supply: Provides the necessary power to run all
components.

All parts were neatly arranged on a small board (Zero PCB). Push buttons
were added for manual controls and to switch modes.

2. Writing the Software

The system's "brain," the NodeMCU, was programmed using the Arduino
IDE software. This code manages:

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 ● Reading the water level using the hydraulic sensor.
● Connecting to the android app for remote control and monitoring.

Water Level Calculation:

● All water sensors have two legs. Some have multiple stripes.
● When both the legs are dipped in water an electric path is created
between the two legs and the sensor starts conducting current. The
value of conductance/current depends on the ratio or level of water.

3. Modes of Operation

The system works in two modes:

● Automatic Mode:
● The system keeps checking the water level.

● Manual mode

4. Testing the System

The system was tested with buckets acting as the water tank.

● The sensor’s accuracy was fine-tuned.

5. Cloud Monitoring:

1. dual-mode Cloud is made possible with the v4.2 BR/EDR and features
Cloud Low Energy (BLE)

6. Deployment and Maintenance

After testing, the system was installed at its location. To keep it working
smoothly:

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 ● The sensor readings are checked periodically.
● The WiFi connection is monitored.

This step-by-step process ensures the system is easy to use, reliable, and
efficient, allowing users to monitor and control water levels automatically
or from anywhere.

COMPONENTS

1. NodeMCU ESP32 WiFi Module

● Purpose:
○ Acts as the brain of the system.
○ Reads data from the water sensor.
○ · ESP32 has a secure boot and flash encryption.

○ Sends water level data to the IoT platform via WiFi for
remote monitoring.
● Role in the Project:
○ Provides both computational and networking capabilities.

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2. HYDROSTATIC LEVEL SENSOR

● Purpose:
○ Measures the water level in the tank.
○ The value of conductance/current depends on the ratio or
level of water.
● Role in the Project:
○ Continuous monitoring of water level.
○ Pressure water level loggers provide accuracy and reliability across a wide
range of applications.

4. 220V AC to DC Converter( by using transformer and rectifier)

● Purpose:
○ Converts high-voltage (220V AC) mains power to a
low-voltage (5V DC) supply suitable for the NodeMCU,
sensor,.
● Role in the Project:
○ Ensures safe and reliable power supply for the electronic
components.

4. Pipes (2 meters or more)

● Purpose:
○ Used to direct water flow into the tank or to another
location.
● Role in the Project:
○ Part of the physical water flow system for filling or
emptying the tank.

5. Zero PCB Board

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 ● Purpose:
○ Used for assembling and soldering the circuit
components.
○ Ensures the connections are stable and durable for
long-term use.
● Role in the Project:
○ Provides a sturdy base for wiring and mounting
components, making the setup portable and organized.

MATERIAL SELECTION
1. Sensors

• Hydrostatic Sensor:

• Material: Plastic or metal housing for durability.

• Example: HC-SR04 (indoor) or IP67-rated ultrasonic sensors

(outdoor use).

• Reason: Non-contact measurement, waterproof variants

available, and accurate distance sensing.

• Float Sensor:

• Material: Stainless steel or durable plastic.

• Reason: Cost-effective and reliable for detecting specific water

levels.

• Pressure Transducer:

• Material: Stainless steel or ceramic diaphragm.

• Reason: Accurate for water level measurement in tanks or

reservoirs.

• Capacitive Sensor:

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 • Material: Plastic or coated metal probes.

• Reason: Good for non-invasive level measurement.

2. IOT Microcontroller

• Microcontroller Options:

• Material: Silicon chip with PCB (Printed Circuit Board) mounting.

• Example: ESP8266, ESP32, or Arduino boards with Wi-Fi/

Bluetooth modules.

• Reason: Built-in connectivity, low power consumption, and

compact size.

3. Power Supply

• Battery: Lithium-ion or Lithium-polymer battery for portability.

• Material: Enclosed in durable plastic casing.

• Reason: Rechargeable and efficient for long-term use.

4. Enclosure

• Material: ABS plastic or polycarbonate for lightweight and

waterproofing.

• Reason: Protects electronics from environmental conditions like

moisture, dust, and temperature variations.

5. Communication Module

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 • Options: Wi-Fi (ESP32/ESP8266), GSM (SIM800L), LoRa, or
Zigbee modules.

• Material: Silicon-based PCB assembly.

• Reason: Reliable data transmission based on location and

connectivity needs.

6. Data Storage and Display

• SD Card Module:

• Material: Silicon chips encased in durable plastic.

• Reason: Local data storage in case of network issues.

7. Wiring and Connectors

• Material: Copper wiring with PVC insulation.

• Reason: Ensures efficient electrical connectivity and safety.

• Connectors: Waterproof connectors (e.g., IP68-rated).

• Reason: Prevents corrosion and short circuits.

8. Additional Features

• Waterproofing Sealants:

• Material: Silicone or rubber gaskets.

• Reason: Ensures system integrity in wet environments.

• Cooling/Heat Management:

• Material: Aluminum or copper heat sinks (if needed).

• Reason: Prevents overheating of electronic components.

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 OUTCOMES
A smart water level monitoring system can yield several beneficial
outcomes, including:

Efficient Water Management: The system can help in optimizing the

use of water resources by providing real-time data on water levels,
enabling better management of water supplies, particularly in
agricultural or municipal contexts.

Drought Monitoring: In arid regions, a smart system can help track

water levels in reservoirs and wells, providing insights that support
drought prediction and resource allocation during periods of water
scarcity.

Cost Savings: Real-time monitoring reduces the need for manual

checks, saving time and labor costs, while also helping to avoid
potential damage from flooding or overuse of water.

Automation and Remote Control: With sensors and IoT (Internet of

Things) integration, the system allows remote monitoring and
automated responses, such as adjusting water release gates in
dams, improving efficiency and safety.

Data-Driven Decisions: The system collects valuable data over time,

enabling predictive analytics for decision-making on water
conservation, infrastructure planning, and emergency preparedness.

Sustainability: By helping prevent both flooding and water wastage,

the system contributes to more sustainable water resource
management and environmental protection.

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These outcomes collectively improve water management, enhance
safety, and reduce operational cost

ADVANTAGES
A smart water level monitoring system offers several advantages,
including:

Real-Time Monitoring: Provides continuous, real-time data on water

levels, helping to detect any sudden changes or potential issues
quickly.

Remote Access: Enables remote monitoring and control, allowing

users to track water levels from anywhere using a smartphone,
tablet, or computer.

Reduced Risk of Overflows: Helps prevent water tank overflow or

flooding by alerting users when levels are too high or low.

Cost Efficiency: Minimizes water wastage by ensuring water

resources are managed more efficiently, thus reducing costs related
to excess water usage or pump operation.

Data Logging and Analysis: Collects historical data that can be

analyzed to predict trends, optimize water usage, and improve
system efficiency.

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Environmental Protection: Helps to avoid potential environmental
damage by preventing excessive water wastage or uncontrolled
flooding.

Improved Maintenance: Alerts users to potential maintenance

issues, ensuring that the system is always functioning optimally.

These benefits make smart water level monitoring systems valuable

for both residential and industrial applications.

APPLICATIONS
A smart water level monitoring system can be applied in various
domains to improve efficiency, safety, and resource management.
Some key applications include:

Reservoir and Dam Management: Helps monitor and control water

levels in reservoirs and dams, preventing overflow or breaches and
ensuring optimal water storage.

Water Treatment Plants: Ensures consistent water levels in tanks and

treatment facilities, helping optimize water distribution and avoid
operational disruptions.

Agriculture Irrigation: Monitors water levels in irrigation tanks or

ponds, ensuring adequate water supply for crops while preventing
wastage or flooding.

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Rainwater Harvesting Systems: Tracks the level of harvested
rainwater in tanks, optimizing usage and ensuring that tanks do not
overflow during heavy rains.

Flood Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: Provides early alerts

for potential flooding by monitoring water levels in rivers, lakes, and
urban drainage systems.

Aquaculture and Fish Farms: Helps maintain proper water levels in

fish farms or aquaculture tanks, ensuring the health of aquatic life
and efficient water management.

These applications demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of

smart water level monitoring systems in managing water resources.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the Water Level Indicator Monitoring System project

has successfully demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of
real-time water level monitoring and alert generation.

By leveraging components like the ultrasonic sensor, ESP module,

LEDs, and relay, this project enhances water management
practices and contributes to water conservation and safety.

The insights gained from this project lay a strong foundation for
future enhancements and broader applications in various water
management scenarios.

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 REFERENCES

https://how2electronics.com/iot-based-water-level-contro
l-monitoring-with-esp8266/

https://www.instagram.com/reel/DBBgm33T0pv/?utm_sourc
e=ig_web_button_share_sheet&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

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