Problems of Chemical Engineering
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ScribdTranslationsIntroduction
■ It was created with the aim of providing foundations for the unitary operations
carried out in industries.
■ Transformation of raw materials into products.
■ The chemical industry is the most polluting in recent years.
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Problems of chemical
engineering
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Origins
■ There were no engineers with knowledge of unit operations.
■ Arthur D. Little coins the term Unit Operations.
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Transport Phenomena
■ Knowledge of the transport of matter, energy and momentum was substantial.
■ Research focused on kinetics, reactor design, and transport phenomena.
■ Transport Phenomena (1960) by Bird, Steward and Lightfoot.
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Public Perception
■ Industrial chemical production can have serious
consequences due to unsafe processes.
■ Preventive measures need to be taken.
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■ Measures taken:
1. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), implementing
Safety Data Sheets.
sn arespara Name Formula
MSDS ALUMINUM POLYCHLORIDE (AI(OH)mCI-m)n
Safety Criterion | Color | Value Characteristic Physical state/Color Colorless liquid
A0 • I 0 Minimum ph 0.2-1.2
Flammability Toxicity
No
1 1 Light Boiling Temp Not
1 Reactivity evaluated 0 Minimum Solub. In water Complete
Q: Chemical Product White Density at 25°C 1.35-1,42
INFLAMMABILITY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
IN CASE OF FIRE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Mask with filters for acid vapors PROTECTIVE
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURE: GLOVES: Rubber, neoprene or plastic gloves EYE PROTECTION: Closed safety
Any extinguishing medium suitable for the type of fire glasses, motorcycle type VENTILATION: Ventilated area with mechanical ventilation
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Use chemical protection suit
and self-contained breathing equipment
TOXICITY EMERGENCY CONSIDERATIONS
BY INGESTION: Causes vomiting, nausea, and gastric irritation.
BY INHALATION: Causes irritation of the respiratory tract causing
difficulties IF INGESTED: Remove the product from the mouth, drink 1 or 2 glasses of water or
SKIN CONTACT: Irritation milk, do not induce vomiting.
BY INHALATION: Move to a ventilated area, apply artificial respiration if necessary.
EYE CONTACT: Irritation SKIN CONTACT: Avoid prolonged skin contact, wash with drinking water
EYE CONTACT: Wash with plenty of water for 15 min. keeping your eyes open.
REACTIVITY ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION
STABILITY: Stable product under normal conditions PRODUCT SAFETY DATA SHEET
CONDITIONS TO AVOID Direct sunlight
MATERIALS TO AVOID: Zinc, aluminum HAZARDOUS
POLYMERATION Does not occur
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Petrochemicals in Mexico
■ In the early 1990s, foreign producers did not provide the technology necessary for
the production of dodecylbenzene.
■ In 1995, PEMEX began producing hydrocarbons.
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ISSUES
CURRENT
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Water
■ Chemical engineering provides the
knowledge to purify water.
■ Wastewater treatment and seawater
desalination make it possible to
provide water in limited conditions of
this resource.
■ Consumption in industrial processes
must be optimized.
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Energy
■ Chemical engineers work across the energy
spectrum.
■ Much of the total energy generated is due to
fossil fuels.
■ Energy integration, something as simple as
optimizing the heat in the various currents.
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Problems in the area
Metropolitan of Monterrey carried out in the
■ According to a study
In 2015, the following data were obtained in downtown
Monterrey:
– PM(2.5) overflow 4 times he limit
permissible of 45mg/m3
– PM(10) overflow 2 times he limit
permissible of 75mg/m3
Air pollution
■ According to the NOM-025-SSA1- standard
2014
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Lack of private investment in research
■ In the United States, the private sector invests in science and education as
much as the government, that is, almost 20 billion dollars.
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Conclusion and reflection
■ Chemical engineering is directly related to industrial development and the changes
that occur in it are increasingly rapid, so it is necessary to adapt the study plan to the
problems at hand.
■ This evolutionary constant will enrich our ability to solve new problems.
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1. Aiello, C., Mármol, Z., & Sánchez, A. (2012). Chemical Engineering: History and Evolution.
URU Technoscience Journal, 51-59.
2. Loria, M., Aceves, J., & Emilsson, E. (1979). Industry and Chemical Engineering in Mexico.
Technological Dependence and Professional Involution, 56.
3. Scodelaro, F. (February 2, 2015). Chemical Engineering. Obtained from Chemical
Engineering:
http://www.ingenieriaquimica.org/articulos/historia-ingenieria-quimica
4. Scodelaro, F. (February 9, 2015). Chemical Engineering. Obtained from Chemical
Engineering:
http://www.ingenieriaquimica.org/articulos/historia-ingenieria-quimica- parte-2
5. Urbide, A. (2013). History of Chemical Engineering. Nature and Technology, 1-3.
6. Blanco-Jimenez S., Altuzar F., Jimenez B., Aguilar G., Pablo M. and Benitez MA (2015).
Evaluation of Suspended Particles PM2.5 in 16the Area N/I AIrN mm II—- m — Ne
N/nmIAFFAI ImctI+IIA NIacinm-I Ne EemImní- \/ C -WIm