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MODULE 1 (1) Rac

The document outlines a comprehensive curriculum on refrigeration and air conditioning, detailing various modules covering topics such as properties of refrigerants, compressor types, heat exchangers, and refrigeration cycles. It includes an evaluation plan with reference books and a historical overview of refrigeration methods, both natural and mechanical. Additionally, it presents schematic illustrations of various refrigeration systems and principles.

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10 views13 pages

MODULE 1 (1) Rac

The document outlines a comprehensive curriculum on refrigeration and air conditioning, detailing various modules covering topics such as properties of refrigerants, compressor types, heat exchangers, and refrigeration cycles. It includes an evaluation plan with reference books and a historical overview of refrigeration methods, both natural and mechanical. Additionally, it presents schematic illustrations of various refrigeration systems and principles.

Uploaded by

ratnesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 1

S. No. Stage Contents Approximate no.


lecture
1 Module 1 Introduction: Properties of Refrigerants, Principles of vapour compression 2
refrigeration system, cascade cycles, working fluids
2 Module 2 Compressors - reciprocating, rotary, scroll compressors, screw and 6
centrifugal compressors
3 Module 3 Heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators 6
4 Module 4 Dynamics of capillary and valve expansion devices 4
5 Module 5 Design criteria for pipelines 3
6 Module 6 Absorption and adsorption refrigeration cycles, choice of working fluids. 5

7 Module 7 Thermoelectric refrigeration and Hybrid cycles 4

Evaluation Plan
Reference books:
•W B Gosney, Principles of refrigeration, Cambridge University, 1982. TQAS 40%
•C P Arora, Refrigeration and air conditioning, McGraw Hill, 2009, Mid-Semester Exam 20%
•ASHRAE Hand books, 2023 End Semester Exam 40%
•Dossat R J and Horan T J, Principles of Refrigeration, Prentice Hall 5th edition, 2001
Total 100
1. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by W.F. Stoecker & J.W. Jones, McGraw-Hill, 1982
2. Principles of Refrigeration by R.J. Dossat, Pearson Education, Inc., 1997
3. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning by F.C. McQuiston, J.D. Parker & J.D. Spitler, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 2001
4. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by C.P.Arora, Tata-McGraw-Hill, 2003
5. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Manohar Prasad, New Age International, 2002
6. Principles of Refrigeration by W.B. Gosney, Cambridge University Press, 1982
7. Low Energy Cooling by Donald W. Abrams, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985
8. Air Conditioning Engineering by W.P. Jones, Butterworth Heinemann, 2001.
9. Thermal Environmental Engineering by James L. Threlkeld, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
10. Air conditioning and ventilation of buildings by D.J. Croome and B.M. Roberts, Pergamon Press
11. ASHRAE Handbooks (4 volumes)
12. Handbook of Air conditioning and refrigeration by Shan K. Wang, McGraw-Hill, 2001. Version
HISTORY OF REFRIGERATION
1. NATURAL COOLING PROCESSES
• Use of natural ice for cooling
• Evaporative Cooling
• Cooling by Salt Solutions: Theoretically, NaCl can yield temperatures up to –20℃ and CaCl2
up to –50℃ in properly insulated containers
Drawbacks:
• The minimum temperature that can be obtained by evaporative cooling is the wet-bulb
temperature of air and the minimum temperature obtained by melting of ice is 0 ℃. This
temperature can be reduced to –20 ℃ by adding salts like NaCl or CaCl2 to ice. However,
cooling by ice is rather an inconvenient process—the ice has to be replenished and water
has to be disposed of, and also heat transfer from the ice surface is difficult to control
2. MECHANICAL COOLING PROCESSES

• Mechanical Vapour Compression Refrigeration


• Absorption Refrigeration
• Solar Energy Based Refrigeration Systems
• Gas Cycle Refrigeration
• Steam Jet Refrigeration System
• Thermoelectric and Magnetic Refrigeration Systems
• Vortex Tube
Application
• Household Refrigeration System
• Air Conditioning Systems
Schematic illustration of a basic vapour compression refrigeration system.
Apparatus described by Jacob Perkins in his Perkins machine built by John Hague.
patent specification of 1834 (The refrigerant
(ether or other volatile fluid)
basic vapour absorption refrigeration system
Schematic diagram of an open-type air cycle refrigeration system.

Principle: If air at high pressure


expands and does work to move
the piston or rotate a turbine, its
temperature will decrease
Schematic diagram of a steam jet refrigeration system
Schematic representation of a thermoelectric refrigeration system
Schematic of a set-up depicting magnetic refrigeration

Temperatures very near the


absolute zero may be obtained
by adiabatic demagnetization
of certain paramagnetic salts.
Counterflow type vortex tube

Vortex tube

Uniflow type vortex tube

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