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Home Automation

This project report details the development of a Home Automation system using IoT, Cloud Computing, and Microcontrollers, prototyped in 2021 and refined in 2023. The system aims to automate home appliances and provide remote status updates via mobile devices. Key components include the ESP8266 Wi-Fi microchip, a 4-channel relay module, and various other hardware, with challenges related to power management noted in the report.

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mathematrix2000
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8 views8 pages

Home Automation

This project report details the development of a Home Automation system using IoT, Cloud Computing, and Microcontrollers, prototyped in 2021 and refined in 2023. The system aims to automate home appliances and provide remote status updates via mobile devices. Key components include the ESP8266 Wi-Fi microchip, a 4-channel relay module, and various other hardware, with challenges related to power management noted in the report.

Uploaded by

mathematrix2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT REPORT

INTRODUCTION
This project is regarding Home Automation which was prototyped during the summer of 2021 and
refined during the summer of 2023, if you are a student of science, you might find it interesting to go
through and learn some new things about IoT (Internet of Things), Cloud Computing and
Microcontrollers.

PURPOSE
The very reason for this project was to automate the home appliances (like: Lights, Fans, Air
Conditioners. Etc.) and to know the status of every device/appliance right on our mobile devices or
laptops or any other device which can access the internet.

APPARATUS
This project required many things from different points in time, here is a list of all the things used during
the entirety of this project:

1. ESP8266:

It is a Wi-Fi microchip which means it can connect to any Wi-Fi


router/Hotspot within range and I/O devices can exchange relevant signals over the internet. 
NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is used in this project. Click here for the link of the same.

2. 4-Channel Relay Module:


Relay is a device which can connect two wires on command
basically acting as a switch, a switch that can be electronically triggered through a digital 0 or 1
signal coming from the microcontroller, here up to 4 appliances can be controlled. Click here.

3. 3D Printed Case:

A case was designed using Blender with the intention of holding all
the components including the Microcontroller, Relay Module, Wires. Etc. Unfortunately, the
data of the same was wiped out of the system for some unforeseen circumstances but a model
closest to the same can be found on Thingiverse. Click here.

4. Adapter (with Type B Cable):

An adapter is used to power the ESP and hence the Relay


Module. It is important to note that ESP8266 is not 5V tolerant and giving it a direct supply
might fry it, however in this project an adapter with almost 4 ~ 4.5V supply was used whereas
the security limit (Voltage) for ESP8266 is 3.3V so it may be inferred as it has some tolerance.

5. Wires:

A set of jumper wires were used to make the connections across


the relevant pins of the Microcontroller and the Relay Module. Click here for jumper wires.
Also, a set of silver wires were used to connect the retro switches to the Relay Modules.
6. IR (Infrared) LED:

An IR (Infrared) LED was used to turn ON and OFF the Air Conditioner.

CIRCUITRY
To understand the circuitry of this project, firstly let us see the pinout diagram of ESP8266:

In this project GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) Pins 2,5,12,13,14 are used, along with couple of
3.3V power supply and GND ground pins to provide power supply to the Relay Module.

Relay Circuitry:
Relay is another important circuitry to be discussed in this project. It contains three inlets for wires
which are Normally Closed (NC), Normally Opened (NO) and Common Contact (Common). Initially when
there is power supply and no external signal on the input pin, Inlets Common and NC are connected, and
NO is open. But, as soon as there is an external signal on the input pin of the relay, Common and NO are
connected, and NC is open. This makes the relay act as a CloudSwitch for our project.
Image of the Room Automation Project

Note* LED is wired up with ESP8266 using GPIO and GND pin.

Code Snippet
Arduino IoT Cloud was used to generate control signals to operate the appliances/Things!

Here are some code snippets for this project:


Challenges

On the boot, some pins of the ESP8266 are HIGH which turns ON the appliances connected to them, and
it becomes difficult to handle power cuts due to this fact.

Handling the appliances/Things with the pins which stay LOW on the boot or using a UPS (uninterrupted
Power Supply) could be proposed.

References

Arduino IRRemote Library by Ken Sherriff : GitHub - Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote: Infrared


remote library for Arduino: send and receive infrared signals with multiple protocols

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