Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2024
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*3174578336*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

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1 Which process is carried out by all organisms?

A growth
B photosynthesis
C sexual reproduction
D transpiration

2 What is the first part of the scientific name of an organism, using the binomial system?

A genus
B group
C kingdom
D species

3 The diagram shows a plant cell.

In which labelled part of the cell is glucose made?

D A
cell wall vacuole

B
chloroplast

C
nucleus

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12

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4 The diagram shows an epidermal cell from an onion plant.

The distance between X and Y on the diagram is 60 mm.

The actual length of the cell between X and Y is 150 μm.

X Y

What is the magnification of the cell?

A ×40 B ×250 C ×400 D ×2500

5 Some plant cells are placed in distilled water for 1 hour.

Which description of the condition of the plant cells after 1 hour is correct?

A burst
B flaccid
C plasmolysed
D turgid

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12 [Turn over

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6 Which diagram represents active transport?

A B
partially permeable partially permeable
cell membrane cell membrane

requires energy requires energy

from respiration from respiration

C D
partially permeable partially permeable
cell membrane cell membrane

does not require energy does not require energy

from respiration from respiration

7 The diagram shows the bases in a section of DNA from one strand only.

A−C−T−T−C−A−G−T−C

What is the base sequence on the complementary DNA strand?

A G−C−T−T−C−G−A−T−C
B G−T−C−C−T−G−A−C−T
C T−C−A−A−C−T−G−A−C
D T−G−A−A−G−T−C−A−G

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8 The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

rate of
reaction

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH

What explains the effect of pH on the reaction rate?

A As the pH increases from 5 to 7, the kinetic energy increases.

B As the pH increases from 7 to 9, the frequency of enzyme and substrate collisions increases.
C The shape of the enzyme’s active site changes as the pH increases from 7 to 9.
D The substrate denatures at pH 7.

9 Which sentence explains the importance of vascular bundles for photosynthesis?

A Vascular bundles transport carbon dioxide to the leaf.

B Vascular bundles transport oxygen to the leaf.
C Vascular bundles transport starch to the leaf.
D Vascular bundles transport water to the leaf.

10 Which substance is the product of protein digestion?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol

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11 Which organ produces amylase?

A gall bladder
B kidney
C oesophagus
D pancreas

12 Which substance is absorbed by lacteals in villi?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C lactic acid
D hydrochloric acid

13 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal.

Where is most water absorbed?

B
A

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14 The diagram shows a cross-section of a villus.

On which cell surface are microvilli found?

lacteal

capillary

15 Which feature of xylem vessels provides support to plants?

A cells are joined end to end

B no cell contents
C no cross-walls
D lignin present

16 Which change in an environmental factor will increase the rate of transpiration?

A decreasing humidity
B decreasing light intensity
C decreasing temperature
D decreasing wind speed

17 Which statement describes translocation?

A the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the source to the sink in phloem
B the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the source to the sink in xylem
C the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the sink to the source in phloem
D the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the sink to the source in xylem

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12 [Turn over

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18 Which pathway is taken by blood in a fish?

A gills → heart → body → gills

B body → gills → heart → body
C heart → gills → body → heart
D heart → body → gills → body

19 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A plasma
B platelets
C red blood cells
D white blood cells

20 The cholera bacterium produces a toxin which affects humans.

What is an effect of this toxin on the human body?

A the secretion of chloride ions from the blood into the lumen of the large intestine
B the secretion of chloride ions from the blood into the lumen of the small intestine
C the secretion of chloride ions from the lumen of the large intestine into the blood
D the secretion of chloride ions from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood

21 These changes occur in the human body during exercise.

1 breathing rate increases

2 the rate of respiration increases
3 nerve impulses sent from the brain to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm
4 receptors in the brain detect increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood

What is the correct order for these changes?

A 1→2→4→3
B 1→3→4→2
C 2→1→4→3
D 2→4→3→1

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22 Two molecules of glucose are aerobically respired.

How many molecules of water are produced?

A 1 B 2 C 6 D 12

23 Which substance has a higher concentration in the renal vein than in the renal artery?

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C oxygen
D urea

24 Where are amino acids deaminated and converted into urea?

A bladder
B kidneys
C liver
D pancreas

25 Which process moves neurotransmitters across a synapse?

A active transport
B diffusion
C gravity
D osmosis

26 When the blood glucose concentration is low, which hormone is released and which organ releases
it?

hormone organ

A glucagon liver
B glucagon pancreas
C insulin liver
D insulin pancreas

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27 A shoot grows towards the direction of light.

These statements compare shoot cells on the side in the light with cells on the side in the shade.

1 Cells on the side in the light have more auxin.

2 Cells on the side in the shade have more auxin.
3 Cells on the side in the light elongate more.
4 Cells on the side in the shade elongate more.

Which statements explain why the shoot grows towards the light?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

28 Which statement about antibiotics is correct?

A Antibiotics are used to treat all transmissible diseases.

B Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.
C Antibiotic resistance can be stopped by increasing their use.
D Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.

29 Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease of bananas that can spread quickly through a banana population.

The table shows the area affected by Fusarium wilt over time in one country.

area affected with

year
Fusarium wilt / hectares

1967 0

1970 100

1976 1200

1983 1500

1999 3000

What was the percentage increase in the area affected with Fusarium wilt from 1976 to 1999?

A 40% B 60% C 150% D 250%

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30 The diagram shows part of a flower.

Which processes have taken place?

pollination fertilisation

A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes

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31 The diagram shows part of a placenta and umbilical cord.

maternal blood

key
placenta direction of
blood flow

umbilical artery
umbilical vein
umbilical cord

What is the function of the umbilical vein?

A to stop pathogens passing into the fetus

B to stop toxins passing into the fetus
C to transport carbon dioxide away from the fetus
D to transport oxygen to the fetus

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32 The graph shows how the mass of DNA per cell changes before, during and after a nuclear division
in a diploid cell.

mass of DNA
per cell

time

Which row describes the type of nuclear division and the chromosome number of the daughter
cells shown in the graph?

chromosome
type of nuclear number of
division daughter cells
produced

A meiosis diploid
B meiosis haploid
C mitosis diploid
D mitosis haploid

33 In a family, the two parents have blood groups of A and B and the three children have blood groups
of B, B and O.

What are the genotypes of the parents?

A A B B
A I I and I I
A B A o
B I I and I I
A o B o
C I I and I I
B o B A
D I I and I I

34 Which statement describes a type of variation?

A Continuous variation is usually caused by the environment only.

B Continuous variation results in a limited range of phenotypes with no intermediates.
C Discontinuous variation is usually caused by genes only.
D Discontinuous variation results in a range of phenotypes between two extremes.

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35 The photograph shows a water lily plant, which is a hydrophyte.

Which statement explains why the stomata are located on the upper surface of the leaf?

A to allow carbon dioxide from the air to enter the leaf for use in photosynthesis
B to allow carbon dioxide produced by photosynthesis to leave the leaf
C to allow oxygen from the air to enter the leaf for use in photosynthesis
D to allow oxygen from the water to enter the leaf for respiration

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36 Which term is used when humans cross individuals with desirable features?

A genetic breeding
B natural breeding
C pure-breeding
D selective breeding

37 Which diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle?

A B

nitrogen gas in atmosphere nitrogen gas in atmosphere

nitrogen denitrification nitrogen denitrification

fixation fixation

nitrates nitrates

C D

nitrogen gas in atmosphere nitrogen gas in atmosphere

nitrogen denitrification nitrogen denitrification

fixation fixation

nitrates nitrates

38 What is an advantage of growing crops as a large-scale monoculture?

A Biodiversity is increased.
B Genetic variation is increased.
C Water use is increased.
D Yield of the crop is increased.

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12 [Turn over

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39 Yeast can produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.

What can be made using these products?

carbon dioxide ethanol

A biofuel washing powder

B washing powder fruit juice
C fruit juice bread
D bread biofuel

40 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce a human protein.

What is the first step in this process?

A insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA

B insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria
C isolation of the DNA making up the human gene
D expression of the human gene in bacteria

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12

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Cambridge IGCSE™

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BIOLOGY 0610/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PB/SW) 330332/4
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1 Fungal cells and plant cells contain mitochondria.

(a) (i) State the function of mitochondria.

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(ii) State one feature of plants that is used to distinguish them from fungi.

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(b) Yeast is a fungus that can respire to produce ethanol.

State the balanced chemical equation for this type of respiration in yeast.

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(c) A scientist investigated the effect of sugar on respiration in yeast cells.

One flask contained 100 cm3 of a sugar solution and another flask contained 100 cm3 of water.

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Both flasks contained the same mass of yeast. The temperature was maintained at 25 °C.

The scientist used the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

thermometer

syringe to collect the gas produced

oil layer DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

water bath at 25 °C

yeast in a sugar solution

or yeast in water

Fig. 1.1
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Fig. 1.2 is a graph of the results of the investigation.

45
Key
40 yeast in a sugar solution
at 25 °C
35
yeast in water at 25 °C
30
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volume of carbon 25
dioxide gas
produced / cm3 20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40
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time / minutes

Fig. 1.2

(i) Using the gradient shown in Fig. 1.2, calculate the rate of carbon dioxide gas produced
by the yeast in a sugar solution between 10 minutes and 15 minutes.

Include the unit.

Space for working.

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................................................................
[3]

(ii) Suggest the reason for the oil layer in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

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(iii) State one reason why no more carbon dioxide gas was produced after 35 minutes by
the yeast in a sugar solution, shown in Fig. 1.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

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(iv) The scientist repeated the investigation using yeast and the sugar solution at a
temperature of 95 °C.

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Explain why no carbon dioxide was produced at a temperature of 95 °C.

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(d) State one way in which humans use the carbon dioxide gas produced by yeast cells.

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(e) State the name of one gas, other than carbon dioxide, that contributes to the enhanced
greenhouse effect.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]
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2 (a) Define the term sense organ.

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(b) Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of the eye. It also shows the pathway taken by nerve impulses
which help bring about changes in the eye in order to bring light to a focus.

K
J
A
H

B
G

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C BRAIN

D
E NOT TO SCALE

Fig. 2.1

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(i) Draw a label line and a letter X on Fig. 2.1 to identify a motor neurone.
[1]

(ii) Describe how the events that occur at a synapse generate an impulse in the next neurone.

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(iii) Describe and explain the process of accommodation in the eye to view a near object.

Use the letters in Fig. 2.1 in your answer.

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(c) Describe the distribution and function of rods and cones in the eye.
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(d) Red‑green colour blindness is a sex‑linked characteristic. It is controlled by a gene on the X

chromosome.

There are two alternative versions of this gene:

• no colour blindness XA

• colour blindness Xa.

(i) State the term used to describe an alternative version of a gene.

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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the genotype of a male with colour blindness.

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[Total: 16]

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3 (a) Meiosis and mitosis are important processes in the life cycles of organisms.

Fig. 3.1 shows the life cycles of two different organisms.

Organism 1 has a simple life cycle.

Organism 2 has a complex life cycle. It has a stage A that produces spores and a stage B
that produces gametes.

In the diagrams, the haploid number of chromosomes is represented by n. The diploid number
of chromosomes is represented by 2n.

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organism 1
adult (2n)
P
Q

embryo sperm egg

zygote
W

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organism 2
multicellular stage A (2n)
R

embryo spores (n)

T female gamete (n)

zygote multicellular stage B (n)

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male gamete (n) S

Fig. 3.1
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(i) Table 3.1 shows the letters P to T in Fig. 3.1 and the type of nuclear division.

Place a tick (✓) in each row to indicate the type of nuclear division that occurs at each of
the letters, P to T.

Table 3.1

letter in Fig. 3.1 meiosis mitosis

P
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T
[3]

(ii) State the name of process W shown in Fig. 3.1.

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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) An embryo contains stem cells.

Complete the sentences about stem cells and body cells.

Stem cells are ............................................... cells that divide by

............................................... to produce daughter cells that can become

............................................... for a specific function.

Most body cells in an organism contain the same genes, but many genes in a
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particular cell are not ............................................... because the cell only makes the

specific ............................................... it needs.

[5]

(b) State the events in the life cycle diagram for organism 1 in Fig. 3.1 that would not be present
in a life cycle diagram for asexual reproduction.

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[Total: 11]
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12
,

 ,

4 (a) Some algae are single‑celled organisms that can photosynthesise. Their cells contain the
pigment chlorophyll.

State the name of one mineral ion that is needed to make chlorophyll.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A student investigated the effect of light on photosynthesis in algae, using hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution.

Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas.

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Table 4.1 shows the colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution at different pH values.

Table 4.1

pH 7.6 8.4 9.2

colour of indicator yellow red purple

(i) Two test‑tubes were set up at the same time. Both contained algae and hydrogencarbonate
indicator. At the start of the investigation the hydrogencarbonate indicator was red in
both test‑tubes.

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One test‑tube was placed in the dark and one test‑tube was placed in the light.

After 20 minutes, the contents of the test‑tube in the dark were yellow and the contents
of the test‑tube in the light were purple.

Explain these results.

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 ,

(ii) Fig. 4.1 is a graph showing the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

rate of
photosynthesis
X
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light intensity

Fig. 4.1

State which factors could be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X and at Y in Fig. 4.1.

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,

 ,

(c) Starch and sucrose are made by plants after photosynthesis.

(i) State the name of the tissue that transports sucrose around the plant and the name of
one other biological molecule that is transported in this structure.

tissue .................................................................................................................................

biological molecule ............................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) Describe how starch is broken down in the human digestive system so that it can be

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absorbed into the blood.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [6]

[Total: 16] DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

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15
,

 ,

5 Fig. 5.1 is a photograph of a koala.

Koalas are marsupial mammals that give birth to offspring that are incompletely developed.

The offspring develops further for several months inside the pouch of the mother.
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Fig. 5.1
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(a) State one feature visible in Fig. 5.1 that could be used to identify the koala as a mammal.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Mammals use sexual reproduction to produce offspring.

Discuss the advantages of sexual reproduction in organisms such as the koala.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]
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16
,

 ,

(c) Fig. 5.2 is a diagram of part of the human female reproductive system, viewed from the side
of the body.

P K

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M

Fig. 5.2

Complete Table 5.1 by writing the letters that identify the structures in Fig. 5.2, the names of
the structures and the functions.

Table 5.1

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function letter in Fig. 5.2 name

cervix

ovary

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site of fertilisation

site of implantation

[4]
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17
,

 ,

(d) Pregnant human females have a placenta.

(i) Describe the function of the placenta in humans.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) The placenta is connected to the amniotic sac.

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State two functions of the amniotic fluid that is found in the amniotic sac.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 14]
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18
,

  ,

6 (a) Complete the sentences about human teeth.

The process of taking food into the mouth is called ............................................... .

Flat sharp‑edged teeth at the front of the mouth, called ............................................... ,

are used for biting off pieces of food.

The ............................................... and ............................................... are the large teeth

towards the back of the mouth that are used for ............................................... the food.

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[4]

(b) Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a villus.

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Fig. 6.1

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19
,

  ,

(i) Draw labels and label lines on Fig. 6.1 to identify a capillary and a lacteal. [1]

(ii) State the part of the digestive system where villi are located.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the function of the lacteal.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Describe the pathway taken by the products of protein digestion from the villi to the liver.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]
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20
,

 
,

BLANK PAGE

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Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
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,

 
,

Cambridge IGCSE™

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BIOLOGY 0610/62
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 2024

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PB/CB) 330285/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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2
,

 
,

1 A student investigated the effect of acid concentration on the rate of diffusion in agar jelly. The
student was given three test‑tubes containing bromothymol blue indicator in agar jelly.

Bromothymol blue is a blue indicator that turns yellow in the presence of an acid.

The student used this method:

Step 1 label three beakers A1, A2 and A3

Step 2 put 20 cm3 of 1 mol per dm3 hydrochloric acid solution into beaker A1

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Step 3 put 2 cm3 of 1 mol per dm3 hydrochloric acid solution into beaker A2

Step 4 add 18 cm3 of distilled water to the hydrochloric acid solution in beaker A2

Step 5 use a clean syringe to transfer 2 cm3 of the solution from beaker A2 to beaker A3

Step 6 add 18 cm3 of distilled water to beaker A3

Table 1.1 shows the final concentrations of the hydrochloric acid solution in each beaker.

Table 1.1

final concentration of
final volume of the

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beaker the hydrochloric acid
solution / cm3
solution / mol per dm3

A1 1.00 20

A2 0.10
……….

A3 0.01 20

(a) (i) Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the final volume of the solution in beaker A2.

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Write your answer in Table 1.1. [1]

Step 7 label the three test‑tubes that contain the bromothymol blue indicator in agar jelly A1, A2
and A3

Step 8 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A1 to
test‑tube A1

Step 9 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A2 to
test‑tube A2

Step 10 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A3 to
test‑tube A3
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Step 11 place the three test‑tubes into a water‑bath at 35 °C

Step 12 start a stop‑clock and leave the test‑tubes in the water‑bath for 20 minutes

Step 13 after 20 minutes, remove the test‑tubes from the water‑bath

Step 14 measure the temperature of the water in the water‑bath.

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3
,

 
,

Fig. 1.1 shows the three test‑tubes after they were removed from the water‑bath in step 13.

A1 A2 A3

hydrochloric acid
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yellow agar jelly yellow agar jelly

agar jelly
containing
bromothymol
blue
indicator
blue agar jelly blue agar jelly
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Fig. 1.1

(ii) Measure the height of the yellow agar jelly in each test‑tube shown in Fig. 1.1.

Prepare a table and record the results of the investigation. Include in your table:

• your measurements from Fig. 1.1

• the final concentration of hydrochloric acid.
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[4]
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4
,

 
,

(iii) State a conclusion for the investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in this investigation.

independent variable .........................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

dependent variable ............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(v) Fig. 1.2 shows the reading on the thermometer in step 14.

°C
30

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20

10

Fig. 1.2

Record the temperature of the water in the water‑bath at the end of the investigation,

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shown in Fig. 1.2.

temperature ........................................................... °C [1]

(vi) The student stated that the change in the temperature of the water‑bath was not a
significant source of error in the investigation.

Explain why the student was correct to state this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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5
,

 
,

(vii) Suggest a control experiment for this investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(viii) The student repeated the investigation but left the test‑tubes in the water‑bath for
30 minutes instead of 20 minutes.
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Suggest how the results for this second investigation would differ from the results for the
first investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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6
,

 
,

(b) In an experiment, a student cut different‑sized cubes of agar containing bromothymol blue
indicator. The student placed the cubes in hydrochloric acid and measured the time taken for
each cube to become yellow.

The results are shown in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2

length of the volume of time taken for the cubes

cube sides / mm the cube / mm3 to become yellow / s

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2 8 35

4 60
………..

6 216 170

8 512 275

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10 1000 445

(i) Complete Table 1.2 by calculating the volume of the 4 mm cube.

Write your answer in Table 1.2. [1]

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7
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(ii) Plot a line graph on the grid of the length of the cube sides against the time taken for the
cubes to become yellow.
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[4]

(iii) Use your graph to estimate the time taken for a cube with a side length of 3 mm to
become yellow.

Show on your graph how you obtained your answer.

.............................................................. s
[2]
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(iv) State two variables that should have been kept constant in this investigation.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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[Total: 21]

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8
,

 
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2 (a) When a seed germinates it grows into a seedling.

Fig. 2.1 is a photograph of a seedling.

A B

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Fig. 2.1

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(i) Make a large drawing of the seedling shown in Fig. 2.1.

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[4]
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9
,

 
,

(ii) Line AB represents the width of the seedling.

Measure the length of line AB on Fig. 2.1.

length of line AB ........................................................ mm

The actual width of the seedling is 9 mm.

Calculate the magnification of the seedling in Fig. 2.1 using the formula and
your measurement.
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length of line AB in Fig. 2.1

magnification =
actual width of the seedling

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Space for working.

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................................................................
[3]
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10
,

 
,

(iii) Fig. 2.2 shows photographs of two different seedlings, P and Q.

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P Q

Fig. 2.2

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Describe one visible similarity and two visible differences between seedling P and
seedling Q in Fig. 2.2.

similarity 1 ..........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

difference 1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

difference 2 ........................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) As seedlings grow, they change starch into reducing sugars.

Describe the methods you would use to test a sample of seedlings for starch and
reducing sugars.

starch test ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

reducing sugar test ....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
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11
,

 ,

(c) When light shines from one side, seedlings grow towards the light.

Fig. 2.3 shows a diagram of a seedling growing towards a light source. The angle of growth is
shown on the diagram.

light source
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Fig. 2.3

Plan an investigation to find out how light intensity affects the angle at which the
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seedling grows.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [6]

[Total: 19]

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12
,

 ,

BLANK PAGE

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Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the
Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to
download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
ĬÙù¿Ġ³íËñßñÅöÜø×Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬØûãÊĦ²ęàĄøÝçðÉìïĂ
ĥµĕĕõÕÅõõåąĕÅÅąåµÕ
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