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BIOMOLECULES 3

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The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which
it has no net charge and does not move in an electric
field. The pl of an amino acid can be calculated using
the following formulas:

1. Molecules with two ionizable groups

Use the formula pI = (pKa1 + pKa2)/2, where pKa1 is the
acidity constant for the amino group and pKa2 is the
basicity constant for the carboxyl group. For example,
glycine has a pKa1 of 2.34 and a pKa2 of 9.60, so its pl
is (2.34 + 9.60) / 2 = 5.94

2. Molecules with more than two ionizable groups

Average the two pKa values that are closest together.
For example, arginine has three pKa values: 2.17, 9.04,
and 12.48, so its pl is (9.04 +12.48)/2 = 10.76
Integer
Single correct
 More then one correct

Which of the following pairs is (are) correctly matched ?

(A) –D (+) glucose and –D(+) glucose → C–2 epimers
(B) Glucose and fructose → C–3 epimers
(C) Glucose → mutarotation
(D) Sucrose → Glucose + fructose
 More then one correct

The correct structure of glycine at given pH are :

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
 More then one correct

The correct statements about anomers are :

(A) Anomers have different stereochemistry at C–1(anomeric carbon).
(B) –D–glucopyranose and –D–glucopyranose are anomers.
(C) Both anomers of D–glucopyranose can be crystallised and purified.
(D) When pure –D–glucopyranose is dissolved in water its optical
rotation slowly changes.
 More then one correct

The correct statements about above structure of glucose are

(A) It is a Pyranose form
(B) It is a furanose form
(C) It is a -anomer
(D) It is a D–sugar
 PYQ
2023
 PYQ
2023
 PYQ
2023
Q2 - 24 June - Shift 2
In alanylglycylleucylalanylvaline, the number of peptide linkages is ______.
 PYQ
2023
2023 28 June - Shift 1
Stability of -Helix structure of proteins depends upon
(A) dipolar interaction
(B) H -bonding interaction
(C) van der Waals forces
(D)  -stacking interaction
 PYQ
2023
29 June - Shift 2
The structure of protein that is unaffected by heating is:
(A) secondary structure (B) tertiary structure
(C) primary structure (D) quaternary structure
 PYQ
2024
29 July - Shift 1
In a linear tetrapeptide (Constituted with different amino acids), (number of
amino acids) - (number of peptide bonds) is __ _
 Nucleic acids

● The particles in nucleus of the cell, responsible for heredity, are

called chromosomes which are made up of proteins and another
type of biomolecules called nucleic acid.
 Chemical composition of nucleic acid

● Nucleic acids are two types:

1) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

2) RNA (RIbonucleic acid
 Chemical composition of nucleic acid

● The monomeric units of nucleic acid are called nucleotides.

● Each nucleotides consists of three parts:
1. Phosphate group
2. A five carbon sugar
3. Heterocyclic base
 Chemical composition of nucleic acid

● DNA contains four bases, adenine(A), guanine(G), cytosine(C) and

thymine(T)
● RNA also contains four bases, the first three bases are same as in
DNA but the fourth one is uracil(U)
 Chemical composition of nucleic acid

● In DNA molecules, the sugar moiety is β D-2 deoxyribose whereas in

RNA molecule, it is β D-ribose
 Structure of Nucleic acids

Primary structure of DNA

● The structure of nucleic acid depends on the sequence of
nucleotides.
● The connecting link in nucleic acids it is phosphodiester linkage
 Structure of Nucleic acids

Primary structure of DNA

● Information regarding the sequence of nucleotides in the chain of a
nucleic acid is called primary structure of nucleic acids

A simplified version of nucleic acid chain is as shown below

Structure of Nucleic acids

Nucleoside and nucleotide

Structure of Nucleic acids
 Biological functions of nucleic acid

● Nucleic acid perform two important functions:

1. Replication
2. Protein synthesis

● Replication : it is the property of biomolecule to synthesise exact

copy of itself.
 Types of RNA

1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA)

2. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA)
3. Transfer RNA (t-RNA)
 Characteristics of
vitamins

● Fat soluble vitamins : soluble fat but insoluble in water, Vitamin A,

D, E and K. They are stored in liver and adipose (fat storing) tissue.

● Water soluble vitamins : B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble

in water so they are grouped together.
● Water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in diet because
they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except
Vitamin B12) in our body.
VITAMINS Ncert
VITAMINS Ncert
The –amino acid which contains an aromatic side chain is
(a) proline (b) tyrosine
(c) valine (d) tryptophan
 Tertiary structure of protein contains which type of forces?
(a) electrostatic, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, dipole–dipole
attractions and disulphide cross linkage
(b) electrostatic, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces
(c) electrostatic forces only
(d) (d) electrostatic as well as hydrogen bonds
Primary structure of protein contains which type of bond?
(a) only hydrogen (b) only covalent
(c) only van der Waals (d) all of these
The conversion of maltose to glucose is possible by the enzyme
(a) zymase (b) lactase
(c) maltase (d) diastase
Carbohydrates are stored in human body as the polysaccharide
(a) glycogen (b) glucose
(c) starch (d) galactase
In which disaccharide glucosidic linkage is formed between anomeric –OH
of glucose and anomeric –OH of fructose?
(a) lactose (b) maltose
(c) cellobiose (d) sucrose
Which base is present in RNA but not in DNA?
(a) uracil (b) thymine
(c) cytosine (d) guanine
A nanopeptide contains ........ peptide linkages.
(a) 10 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 18
Specific rotation of equilibrium mixture of the three forms of glucose is
(a) 25.5 (b) 52.5
(c) 82.5 (d) 62.5
Consider the following reaction
Reagents
Glucose -----------------> Mannose
This reaction is known as
(a) conversion (b) epimerization
(c) racemization (d) anomerization
Amylose and cellulose both are linear polymers of glucose. The difference
between them is
(a) Amylose has  (1 → 4) linkage and celulose has  (1 → 6) linkage
(b) Amylose has  (1 → 4) linkage and cellulose has  (1 → 6) linkage
(c) Amylose has  (1 → 4) linkage and cellulose has  (1 → 4) linkage
(d) Amylose has  (1 → 4) linkage and cellulose has  (1 → 4) linkage
 June, 2022

26 June - Shift 2
Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin, that is not excreted
easily?
(1) Vitamin B2 (2) Vitamin B1
(3) Vitamin B6 (4) Vitamin B12
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